小麦品种贵农22号抗条锈基因遗传分析

贵农22号是利用簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)、硬粒小麦(Triticum durum)及普通小麦(Triticum aestuvum)杂交而育成的普通小麦品种,其抗中国目前流行和出现的条锈菌小种,已成为目前重要的抗小麦条锈病抗源。为了明确该品种抗锈遗传规律并进行应用前景评价,用一个流行的强毒性小种条中31号和一个突变弱毒性小种CY29-mut3,分别接种贵农22与国际已知抗锈基因品种Moro及感病品种辉县红双列杂交F2、F2代各株系幼苗,对贵农22号进行了抗锈性遗传分析,以便于在抗病育种中进一步应用。研究结果表明,贵农22号有三对独立遗传的抗条锈基因,暂定名为YrGui 1、YrGui 2和YrGui 3,它们表达稳定,不受亲本正反交影响,而并不具有Yr 10。Yr10基因载体品种Moto中有二或四对基因抗中国不同的条锈菌小种,不同小种及正反交对基因的表达有影响,为父本时其对CY29-mut3小种有两对完全显性基因、一对中度抗病基因及一对隐性抗病基因,而为母本时有一对完全显性基因和一对中度抗病基因起抗病作用;对条中31号,其为父本时有一对显性基因和一对隐性基因,为母本时可能存在两对累加作用基因或两对隐性抗病基因控制抗痫作用。     

抗病基因Pi-ta在骨干亲本及其衍生品种的传递

利用Pi-ta的显性分子标记对寒地稻区水稻骨干亲本合江20号及其衍生品种进行Pi-ta抗性基因传递分析。结果表明,抗病基因Pi-ta在亲本合江20号衍生子一代出现的频率为63%,子二代出现的频率为33%、子三代出现的频率为9%,抗病基因Pi-ta的传递与合江20号衍生系谱一致。抗谱分析表明,Pi-ta抗病基因在子代中出现与衍生品种的抗谱正相关,这可能与后代选择过种中抗病基因的丢失有关,这也可能是决定不同水稻品种的稻瘟病发生程度的主要原因之一。     

水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xα-14在分子标记连锁图上的定位

选取对水稻白叶枯病原菌6个菲律宾小种均为感病的籼稻品种珍珠矮为母本,携带抗病基因Xα-14的粳稻近等基因系CBB14(抗菲律宾5号小种P5)为父本配制杂交组合。F1植株对相对应的菌系P5表现全生育期抗病, F2群体在分蘖前期接种鉴定结果表明,抗、感植株的分离符合3:1显性单基因分离比。根据对F2群体中选择的99个单株进行的RFLP分析的结果,构建了水稻第4连锁群的分子图谱,并把抗病基因Xα-14定位于RG62 0和G282之间。 Abstract:In order to map a rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xα-14,a F2 population containing 99 plants was generated from a cross between Zhenzhuai(susceptible to all six Philippines races)and CBB14 with Xα-14(resistant to race 5).It was observed that resistant and susceptible plants were segregated in a ratio of 3:1.Based on RFLP analysis in the population,a molecular linkage map of chromosome 4 was constructed,and the gene Xα-14 was located between RFLP markers RG 620 and G282.     

籼型三系杂交水稻稻曲病抗性遗传研究

用抗稻曲病三系不育系与抗和感稻曲病的恢复系配组,研究杂交水稻抗稻曲病不育系的胞质效应和恢复系稻曲病抗性遗传。结果表明,杂交水稻抗稻曲病不育系无胞质效应,抗病不育系与感病恢复系所配组合的杂种一代均表现感病。杂种F1的稻曲病抗性主要受核基因控制,其遗传表达特征有：抗性显性、抗性不完全显性和抗性隐性三种类型,恢复抗性遗传为显性和不完全显性的频率占81.25%。F1稻曲病病穗穗率、病情指数、平均每穗病粒数和病穗最高病粒数与恢复系相对应的稻曲病病情指标极显著相关,相关系数（r）分别为0.898**、0.868**、0.901**和0.569**;杂种F1与恢复系之间的?稻曲病病情指标极显著相关。创制和筛选出HA188、HA197、HA198等抗稻曲病恢复系新种质。讨论了杂交稻稻曲病抗病育种。     

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳对稻瘟病抗性的遗传分析

太湖流域粳稻地方品种黑壳子粳对稻瘟病菌表现抗谱广,抗性强的特点,利用黑壳子粳与感病的云南稻地方品种丽江新团黑谷杂交获得的F1、F2和RIL群体,在苗期喷雾接种研54-04和北1两个日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系,根据抗感反应分析亲本的抗病基因组成,结果表明,黑壳子粳对菌系北1的抗性由一对显性基因控制,对菌系研54-04的抗性由两对互为独立遗传的显性基因控制,等位性测定结果和重组自交系的抗感反应表明：黑壳子粳对菌系北1的抗病基因兼抗菌系研54-04,该抗病基因与Pi-k,Pi-z,Pi-ta,Pi-b,Pi-t等5个已知抗病基因座呈非等位关系。也不是Pi-i和Pi-a基因,推断是一个未知的新基因;另一个抗病基因抗菌系研54-04,感菌系北1。     

小麦农家品种赤壳中一个主效抗条锈病基因的微卫星标记和定位

小麦农家品种赤壳(苏1900)对当前我国小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici)多个流行小种均有较好抗性。遗传分析表明,该品种对条中32号小种的抗性是由一对显性基因控制。本文采用分离群体分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA)和微卫星多态性分析方法,对该基因进行了分子标记和定位研究。用Taichung29×赤壳的F2代分离群体建立抗、感DNA池,共筛选了400多对SSR引物,发现5个标记Xwmc44、Xgwm259、Xwmc367、Xcfa2292、Xbarc80在抗、感DNA池间与在抗、感亲本间同样具有多态性,它们均位于1BL染色体臂上。经用具有140株抗病株、60株感病株共200株植株的F2代分离群体进行的遗传连锁性检测,上述5个标记均与目的基因相连锁,遗传距离分别为8.3cM、9.1cM、17.2cM、20.6cM和31.6cM。用全套21个中国春缺-四体材料进行的检测进一步证实了这5个SSR标记均位于小麦1B染色体上。综合上述结果,将赤壳中的主效抗条锈病基因YrChk定位在1BL染色体臂上。与以前已定位于1B染色体上的抗条锈病基因的比较研究表明,YrChk基因可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。小麦农家品种中抗病基因资源的发掘和利用将有助于提高我国小麦生产品种中的抗病基因丰富度,有助于改善长期以来小麦生产品种中抗病基因单一化的局面。     

小麦品系5R618抗叶锈基因的初步定位

5R618是高抗叶锈病小麦品系。为了确定该品系所携带的抗叶锈基因,以5R618与感病小麦品种郑州5389杂交获得F1,自交获得F2分离群体以及F2∶3家系,用叶锈菌生理小种THJP对亲本、F2分离群体以及F2∶3家系进行叶锈抗性鉴定,然后进行分子标记分析。结果显示,5R618对生理小种THJP的抗病性由1对显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为Lr5R。经过亲本和抗感池间分子标记筛选以及F2∶3家系的标记检测,Lr5R定位于染色体3DL上,barc71和STS24-16是Lr5R最近的2个标记,遗传距离分别为0.9 c M和2.1 c M。     

小麦农家品种红麦(京2747)主效抗条锈病基因的RAPD标记

小麦农家品种红麦(京2747)可抗中国小麦条锈菌多个生理小种。遗传分析表明,该品种对于小麦条锈菌条中19号生理小种的抗性由1对显性基因控制。本研究采用铭贤169×红麦的F2分离群体建立抗、感DNA池,用RAPD方法进行DNA多态性分析。共筛选236个10碱基随机引物,其中引物S1167所扩增出的1条约245 bp的多态性DNA片段只出现在抗病DNA池和红麦中,而不出现在感病DNA池和感病品种铭贤169中。经用201株杂交F2植株对多态性DNA片段S1167245与目的基因的遗传连锁性进行分析,在164株抗病单株中有156株可稳定扩增出该特异DNA片段,而在37株感病单株中则有34株不能扩增出该特异DNA片段,经统计共有11株发生了交换,标记S1167245与目的抗病基因间的遗传距离为6.1cM。本研究得到的RAPD标记S1167245表现稳定、重复性强,可用于小麦抗锈育种中的标记辅助选择,促进红麦的抗条锈基因的利用。     

4个太湖流域粳稻地方品种抗稻瘟病性的遗传分析

以太湖流域粳稻地方品种薄稻、铁杆青、江南晚和缺儿糯等广谱、高抗稻瘟病为材料, 与高感稻瘟病品种苏御糯杂交, 获得杂交F1、F2 , 分别接种日本稻瘟病鉴别菌系北1和中国稻瘟病菌生理小种ZE3、ZG1, 根据P1、P2、F1和F2等不同世代植株的抗、感反应, 分析地方品种对不同稻瘟病菌生理小种(菌系)的抗性遗传机理。结果表明: 薄稻、铁杆青及缺儿糯对北1菌系的抗性均可能由一对显性基因控制, 江南晚对北1的抗性则可能由两对抑制基因互作控制; 铁杆青及缺儿糯对ZE3小种的抗性均可能由一对显性基因控制, 薄稻和江南晚对ZE3小种的抗性可能分别由两对显性基因和两对抑制基因互作控制; 铁杆青对ZG1小种的抗性可能是由一对显性主基因控制, 薄稻和江南晚对ZG1小种的抗性则可能由两对抑制基因互作控制。进一步将薄稻与12个日本稻瘟病菌鉴别品种杂交,用北1菌系接种不同组合的F1和F2 , 进行抗病基因的等位性测定。结果表明, 薄稻对北1菌系的抗性基因与12个鉴别品种所携带的已知抗稻瘟病基因是不等位, 将该基因暂定为Pi-bd1(t)。     

齐319携带的南方玉米锈病抗性基因的遗传初析

我国选育的优良玉米自交系齐319高抗南方玉米锈病。通过用病原菌接种齐319分别与5个不同感病自交系的杂交,回交4个世代的P1,P2,F1,F2,BC1F110个分离群体和抗病感病参数的调查结果表明：F1整齐一致,表现抗病;F2和BC1F1抗感分离,经x^2－检验分别符合3：1和1：1的分离比例。据此,齐319携带的南方玉米锈病抗性基因是由显性单基因所控制。     

Sources and inheritance of resistance to halo-blight of Phaseolus beans

Forty-three accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris and four of P. coccineus were classified on the basis of the reaction of their primary leaves and pods to inoculation with races 1 and 2 of the pathogen Pseudomonas phaseolicola. Four groups were recognised, (1) highly resistant to race 1 only, (2) resistant to both races, (3) slightly resistant to both races or (4) susceptible to both races. Race 1 resistance was present in a number of accessions (e.g. Red Mexican UI3, Rona, Cornell 42–242). Resistance to race 1 and 2 was present in PI 150414, GN Nebraska No. 1 sel. 27, OSU 10183 and other accessions with PI 150414 in their parentage. Studies on the inheritance of resistance in Red Mexican UI3 and PI 150414 were made in crosses with various susceptible bean cultivars. A single dominant factor was responsible for race 1 resistance in Red Mexican UI3. The resistance factor in PI 150414 to races 1 and 2 behaved as a recessive in crosses with Cascade and Seafarer but was partially dominant in crosses with Gallatin 50. These findings suggest that genetic background can influence the expression of the resistance factor from PI 150414 and largely reconcile the conflicting evidence of previous investigators.     

Genetic Overlap in the Quantitative Resistance of Rice at the Seedling and Adult Stages to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas oryzae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">oryzae</Emphasis>

The genetic components responsible for the qualitative and quantitative resistance of rice to three Chinese races (C2, C4, and C5) of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) were investigated at the seedling and adult stages in two successive years in set of Lemont/Teqing cross introgression lines (ILs) in a Teqing background, to create a complete linkage map using 160 well-distributed SSR markers. Teqing was resistant to C2 and C4, but moderately susceptible to C5, whereas Lemont was susceptible to all three races. Highly significant correlations were detected among the resistance to different races at different developmental stages. A major gene (Xa4), 14 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs), and 18 epistatic QTLs were identified in the two developmental stages over 2 years, and were largely responsible for the segregation of resistance in the ILs. In 2007, the Lemont alleles at all loci in the seedling stage, except QBbr10 to C4, increased lesion length (LL) or decreased resistance. The Teqing allele at the Xa4 locus acted as a resistance gene against C2 and C4, but acted as a M-QTL when its resistance was overcome by the virulent race C5. M-QTLs showed a degree of race specificity and had a cumulative effect on resistance. Most M-QTLs (94%) consistently expressed resistance to the same race at the seedling and adult stages, indicating that a high degree of genetic overlap exists between Xoo resistance at both developmental stages in rice. Among the digenic interactions, most co-introgressed Lemont alleles at the two epistatic loci lead to significantly smaller LL with all three races, compared to other types of interacting alleles at both development stages. The results indicate that a high level of resistance may be achieved by the cumulative effect of multiple M-QTLs, including the residual effects of “defeated” major resistance genes and the epistatic effects of co-introgression from diverse susceptible varieties.     

Transfer of leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes from Triticum triaristatum to durum and bread wheats and their molecular cytogenetic localization.

Six accessions of Triticum triaristatum (Willd) Godr. &Gren. (syn. Aegilops triaristata) (6x, UUMMUnUn), having good resistance to both leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm) races and stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.) races, were successfully crossed with both susceptible durum wheats (T. turgidum var. durum L., 2n = 28, AABB) and bread wheats (T. aestivum, 2n = 42, AABBDD). In some crosses, embryo rescue was necessary. The T. triaristatum resistance was expressed in all F1 hybrids. Backcrossing of the F1 hybrids to their wheat parents to produce BC1F1 plants was more difficult (seed set 0-7.14%) than to produce F1 hybrids (seed set 12.50-78.33%). The low female fertility of the F1 hybrids was due to low chromosome pairing. Only gametes with complete or nearly complete genomes from the F1 hybrids were viable. In BC2F4 populations from the cross MP/Ata2//2*MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines (2n = 21 II + 1 I or 22 II) with resistance to leaf rust race 15 (IT 1) were selected. In BC2F2 populations from the crosses CS/Ata4//2*MP and MP/Ata4//2*MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines with resistance to either leaf rust race 15 or stem rust race 15B-1 (both IT 1) were selected. Rust tests and cytology on the progeny of the disomic addition lines confirmed that the genes for rust resistance were located on the added T. triaristatum chromosomes. The homoeologous groups of the T. triaristatum chromosomes in the addition lines from the crosses MP/Ata2//2*MP, CS/Ata4//2*MP, and MP/Ata4//2*MP were determined to be 5, 2, and 7, respectively, through the detecting of RFLPs among genomes using a set of homoeologous group specific wheat cDNA probes. The addition lines with resistance to leaf rust race 15 from the crosses MP/Ata2//2*MP and CS/Ata4//2*MP were resistant to another nine races of leaf rust and the addition line with resistance to stem rust race 15B-1 from the cross MP/Ata4//2*MP was resistant to another nine races of stem rust as were their T. triaristatum parents. Since such genes provide resistance against a wide spectrum of rust races they should be very valuable in wheat breeding for rust resistance.     

RAPD Marker Linked to a Gene Conferring Resistance to Race IB-9 of Pyricularia grisea in a Somaclone of the Rice Cultivar Araguaia

The gene Pi-ar confers resistance to Pyricularia grisea in a somaclone of the upland rice cultivar Araguaia developed from callus culture of immature panicles. The somaclone SC09 exhibited resistant reaction to all of the 182 P. grisea test isolates belonging to 15 different races. The study on inheritance showed that the resistance to pathotype IB-9 of P. grisea is monogenic and dominant. In order to identify marker linked to this gene, the F₂ population from a cross between the highly susceptible cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) and the somaclone SC09 of rice cultivar Araguaia was screened using RAPD primers. Initially, the polymorphism between parents, the cultivar LTH and somaclone SC09 was analyzed using 577 random 10-bp primers. The susceptible and resistant bulks of the F₂ population, along with DNA of the two parents were tested with 176 primers that differentiated susceptible and resistant parents. Thirty-six primers differentiated the susceptible and resistant bulks, as well as the cultivar LTH of the somaclone SC09. However, one primer OPK17 was found to be closely linked (5.3 cM) to the resistance gene of somaclone and this can be used in the marker assisted selection.     

Penetration and Post-infectional Development and Reproduction of Meloidogyne arenaria Races 1 and 2 on Susceptible and Resistant Soybean Genotypes

Penetration, post-infectional development, reproduction, and fecundity of Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2 were studied on susceptible (CNS), partially resistant (Jackson), and highly resistant (PI 200538 and PI 230977) soybean genotypes in the greenhouse. The ability to locate and invade roots was similar between races, but more juveniles penetrated roots of susceptible CNS than the resistant genotypes. At 10 days after inoculation, 56% and 99% to 100% of race 1 second-stage juveniles were vermiform or sexually undifferentiated in CNS and the resistant genotypes, respectively. In contrast, only 2%, 42%, 44%, and 62% of race 2 juveniles had not initiated development in CNS, Jackson, PI 200538, and PI 230977, respectively. By 20 days after inoculation, 88% to 100% of race 2 nematodes in roots of all genotypes were females, whereas only 25% and 1% of race 1 were females in CNS and the resistant genotypes, respectively. For all four genotypes, race 1 produce 85% to 96% fewer eggs per root system 45 days after inoculation than race 2. At 45 days after inoculation race 2 produced more eggs on CNS than the other genotypes.     

Genetic studies of leaf and stem rust resistance in six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides.

Six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides L. (4x, AABB) of diverse origin were tested with 10 races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and 10 races of stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.). Their infection type patterns were all different from those of lines carrying the Lr or Sr genes on the A or B genome chromosomes with the same races. The unique reaction patterns are probably controlled by genes for leaf rust or stem rust resistance that have not been previously identified. The six dicoccoides accessions were crossed with leaf rust susceptible RL6089 durum wheat and stem rust susceptible 'Kubanka' durum wheat to determine the inheritance of resistance. They were also crossed in diallel to see whether they carried common genes. Seedlings of F1, F2, and BC1F2 generations from the crosses of the dicoccoides accessions with RL6089 were tested with leaf rust race 15 and those from the crosses with 'Kubanka' were tested with stem rust race 15B-1. The F2 populations from the diallel crosses were tested with both races. The data from the crosses with the susceptible durum wheats showed that resistance to leaf rust race 15 and stem rust race 15B-1 in each of the six dicoccoides accessions is conferred by a single dominant or partially dominant gene. In the diallel crosses, the dominance of resistance appeared to be affected by different genetic backgrounds. With one exception, the accessions carry different resistance genes: CI7181 and PI 197483 carry a common gene for resistance to leaf rust race 15. Thus, wild emmer wheat has considerable genetic diversity for rust resistance and is a promising source of new rust resistance genes for cultivated wheats.     

Evolution of resistance to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis in barley composite cross II

Summary Changes in resistance to scald disease which occurred in barley composite Cross II over 45 generations were analyzed genetically. This population, which was synthesized in 1929 by pooling equal numbers of f₁ seeds from 378 pair wise crosses among 28 barley varieties, has subsequently been grown at Davis, California under standard agricultural conditions without conscious selection. Progenies derived from self-pollinated seeds from random plants taken from four generations (F₈, F₁₃, F₂₃, and F₄₅) were tested against four different races of scald (40, 61, 72, and 74), and rated as resistant, susceptible or segregating. Striking increases in the frequency of families resistant to races 40, 61, and 74 occurred in CC II. A test for randomness showed that quadruply susceptible and triply resistant families were more common than expected under the assumption that resistance to different races is independent. Positive correlations were found between resistance to races 40, 61, and 74, but resistance to race 72 was independent of resistance to all other races. Possible reasons for these correlations are discussed.     

Rice varieties with resistance to multiple races of Magnaporthe oryzae offer opportunities to manage rice blast in Australia

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. Development of resistant varieties is considered as the most cost‐effective and sustainable way to manage rice blast. However, there remains a lack of knowledge about the resistance of rice varieties to blast disease in Australia. This study was conducted to determine if there was any resistance existing among the rice varieties grown in Australia to M. oryzae isolates from this country that belong to different races. There was a resistant reaction of the variety SHZ‐2 to all the five races of IA‐1, IA‐3, IA‐63, IB‐3 and IB‐59, with a percent disease index (%DI) less than 40. Varieties NTR587, BR‐IRGA‐409, Ceysvoni and Rikuto Norin 20 showed a resistant reaction to races IA‐3, IA‐63, IB‐3 and IB‐59; and the variety Kyeema exhibited a resistant reaction to races IA‐3, IB‐3 and IB‐59. For the races IA‐1 and IB‐59 with more than one isolate, varieties with differential disease reactions across different isolates belonging to the same race were also revealed: five varieties, Langi, Opus, Sherpa, Viet 1 and Topaz, exhibited differential disease reactions to the three IA‐1 isolates; 10 varieties showed differential disease reactions to the four IB‐59 isolates; in addition, the varieties that had differential disease reactions to the IA‐1 isolates also exhibited differential disease reactions to the IB‐59 isolates of race. This study provides valuable resistance sources for breeding programmes to develop rice varieties with resistance to multiple races of M. oryzae in Australia.     

Heritable,De Novo Resistance to Leaf Rust and Other Novel Traits in Selfed Descendants of Wheat Responding to Inoculation with Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus

Stable resistance to infection with Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) can be evolved de novo in selfing bread wheat lines subjected to cycles of WSMV inoculation and selection of best-performing plants or tillers. To learn whether this phenomenon might be applied to evolve resistance de novo to pathogens unrelated to WSMV, we examined the responses to leaf rust of succeeding generations of the rust- and WSMV-susceptible cultivar ‘Lakin’ following WSMV inoculation and derived rust-resistant sublines. After three cycles of the iterative protocol five plants, in contrast to all others, expressed resistance to leaf and stripe rust. A subset of descendant sublines of one of these, ‘R1’, heritably and uniformly expressed the new trait of resistance to leaf rust. Such sublines, into which no genes from a known source of resistance had been introgressed, conferred resistance to progeny of crosses with susceptible parents. The F₁ populations produced from crosses between, respectively, susceptible and resistant ‘Lakin’ sublines 4-3-3 and 4-12-3 were not all uniform in their response to seedling inoculation with race TDBG. In seedling tests against TDBG and MKPS races the F₂s from F₁ populations that were uniformly resistant had 3∶1 ratios of resistant to susceptible individuals but the F₂s from susceptible F₁ progenitors were uniformly susceptible. True-breeding lines derived from resistant individuals in F₂ populations were resistant to natural stripe and leaf rust inoculum in the field, while the ‘Lakin’ progenitor was susceptible. The next generation of six of the ‘Lakin’-derived lines exhibited moderate to strong de novo resistance to stem rust races TPMK, QFCS and RKQQ in seedling tests while the ‘Lakin’ progenitor was susceptible. These apparently epigenetic effects in response to virus infection may help researchers fashion a new tool that expands the range of genetic resources already available in adapted germplasm.     

Rust resistance in Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD) and its transfer into durum and hexaploid wheats.

In order to counteract the effects of the mutant genes in races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.) in wheat, exploration of new resistance genes in wheat relatives is necessary. Three accessions of Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD), Acy1, Acy9, and Acy11, were tested with 10 races each of leaf rust and stem rust. They were resistant to all races tested. Viable F1 plants were produced from the crosses of the T. cylindricum accessions as males with susceptible MP and Chinese Spring ph1b hexaploid wheats (T. aestivum, 6x, AABBDD), but not with susceptible Kubanka durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum, 4x, AABB), even with embryo rescue. In these crosses the D genome of hexaploid wheat may play a critical role in eliminating the barriers for species isolation during hybrid seed development. The T. cylindricum rust resistance was expressed in the F1 hybrids with hexaploid wheat. However, only the cross MP/Acy1 was successfully backcrossed to another susceptible hexaploid wheat, LMPG-6. In the BC2F2 of the cross MP/Acy1//LMPG-6/3/MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines with resistance to either leaf rust race 15 (infection types (IT) 1=, 1, or 1+; addition line 1) or stem rust race 15B-1 (IT 1 or 1+; addition line 2) were selected. Rust tests and examination of chromosome pairing of the F1 hybrids and the progeny of the disomic addition lines confirmed that the genes for rust resistance were located on the added T. cylindricum C-genome chromosomes rather than on the D-genome chromosomes. The T. cylindricum chromosome in addition line 2 was determined to be chromosome 4C through the detection of RFLPs among the genomes using a set of homoeologous group-specific wheat cDNA probes. Addition line 1 was resistant to the 10 races of leaf rust and addition line 2 was resistant to the 10 races of stem rust, as was the T. cylindricum parent. The added C-genome chromosomes occasionally paired with hexaploid wheat chromosomes. Translocation lines with rust resistance (2n = 21 II) may be obtained in the self-pollinated progeny of the addition lines through spontaneous recombination of the C-genome chromosomes and wheat chromosomes. Such translocation lines with resistance against a wide spectrum of rust races should be potentially valuable in breeding wheat for rust resistance.