羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群无性系种群动态的初步研究

本文根据１９８５－１９９０年在天然羊草种群无性系的观测与统分析,在研究羊草种群性系生活周期的基础上,探讨了其种群动态,建立了用转移概率矩阵表示的种群动态模型。通过用两种营养繁殖系数Ｒｖ１和Ｒｖ２模拟种群密度变化,发现用转移概率矩陈种群动态模型和现存种群营养繁殖系数Ｒｖ２预测羊草种群密度。     

从文献看种群、种群生态及种群行为研究

通过维普中文期刊网和英文ScienceDirect数据库有关种群、种群生态和种群行为文献的查询,发现文献的发表量很不平衡,种群研究文献的年增长率远大于种群生态和种群行为。英文文献中关于种群行为研究的文献增长率高于种群生态,而中文文献正好相反。     

我国植物种群生态研究的成就与展望

种群生态学以种群作为研究对象,无论在理论上还是在方法上都是生态学中发展最快,最为活跃的一个领域,也是生态学研究中的一个极其重要的层次,因为它是物种存在和进化的基本单位,是生物群落和生态系统的基本组成。一、植物种群生态学研究的历史Graunt于1662年进行了人类种群的生命     

种群统计随机性和环境随机性对种群绝灭的影响

影响种群绝灭的随机干扰可分为种群统计随机性、环境随机性和随机灾害三大类。在相对稳定的环境条件下和相对较短的时间内,以前两类随机干扰对种群绝灭的影响为生态学家关注的焦点。但是,由于自然种群动态及其影响因子的复杂特征,进一步深入研究随机干扰对种群绝灭的作用在理论上和实践上都必须发展新的技术手段。本文回顾了种群统计随机性与环境随机性的概念起源与发展,系统阐述了其分析方法。归纳了两类随机性在种群绝灭研究中的应用范围、作用方式和特点的异同和区别方法。各类随机作用与种群动态之间关系的理论研究与对种群绝灭机理的实践研究紧密相关。根据理论模型模拟和自然种群实际分析两方面的研究现状,作者提出了进一步深入研究随机作用与种群非线性动态方法的策略。指出了随机干扰影响种群绝灭过程的研究的方向：更多的研究将从单纯的定性分析随机干扰对种群动力学简单性质的作用,转向结合特定的种群非线性动态特征和各类随机力作用特点具体分析绝灭极端动态的成因,以期做出精确的预测。     

兰科植物种群动态研究进展

兰科植物种群动态研究中,种群统计学分析能够很好地揭示植物个体在时空上的变化,是研究种群动态的核心.在自然生境中,许多附生兰科植物更倾向于离散或斑块状分布,可以通过集合种群研究分析斑块之间个体的基因流动,判断物种种群保护的规模.长期的种群动态研究能够获得兰科植物生活史和种群动态方面的可靠信息,以及一定环境条件下其时空波动及与种群功能之间的关系;短期的研究能够更好地理解具有结构性的独立植株与其所处的群落间的关系.本文根据种群生态学原理以及兰科植物的生态特点,从种群的密度及分布、种群统计学、种群的调节、集合种群和种群生存力分析（PVA）模型等方面阐述了国内外兰科植物种群动态研究进展.     

缙云山马尾松种群数量动态初步研究

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种群是我国亚热带森林植被演替的先锋种群之—。研究其数量动态对亚热带森林群落和生态系统的研究有着重要意义。“样地编年序列”的应用为长命多年生植物种群数量动态的研究提供了一条捷径。缙云山马尾松种群,约在7龄前,其密度随时间而增长,其后降低。其间关系可用下式近似表达：(07), 式中,D是种群密度估计值,A是种群年龄。缙云山马尾松种群生物量在灌草从到松阔混交林初期的演替中呈现Logistic增长。符合公式：式中,Bp是种群生物量的估计值,A,e是自然对数的底。在从混交林到常绿阔叶林的演替中,其生物量表现出随时间下降的趋势。在自疏过程中,马尾松种群平均植株生物量与种群密度服从-3/2稀疏定律。符合公式：式中,Bi是平均植株生物量,D是种群密度。导致缙云山马尾松种群数量动态变化的动力,主要是种内光资源竞争引起的自疏和种间光资源竞争引起的他疏。     

密度因素在布氏田鼠种群调节中的作用

对布氏田鼠栖息密度不同的种群同时进行取样,研究密度因素对布氏田鼠种群发展的调节作用。结果表明,在高密度区布氏田鼠种群繁殖强度受到抑制,雌鼠怀孕率、雄鼠睾丸下降率、贮精囊肥大率和睾丸长度都小于低密度种群。高密度种群繁殖季节结束时间早于低密度种群,幼鼠肥满度较小,性成熟速度较慢,种群年龄结构中,幼年鼠所占比例小于低密度种群。这些都是导致高密度种群增长速度减慢的因素。     

福建南北泥蚶种内分化的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对泥蚶在福建以南(广东汕头和湛江)和福建以北(浙江温岭和韩国)种群(分别合称南方类群和北方类群)做了遗传分化研究。由筛选出的20个随机引物共获得103个清晰可辨的RAPD标记,扩增片段长度在250—2500bp。汕头种群与湛江种群,韩国种群与温岭种群之间的最小遗传距离分别为0．0612和0．0692,而南、北类群间的遗传距离却在0．3261-0．4511。类群间近交系数也大于类群内。NJ和UPGMA法构建的系统树均显示汕头种群、湛江种群首先聚在一起,再与温岭种群和韩国种群聚合,说明两个类群发生了较明显的遗传分化,估计与地理隔离有关。     

唐家河大熊猫种群生存力分析

唐家河大熊猫是一个包括3个亚种群的异质种群,借助于游涡模型（vortex 8.21),对唐家河大熊猫未来100a内的种群动态动物了模拟,并分析了不同因子对该种群命运的影响,结果表明,在不考虑近亲繁殖,灾害等因素的情况下,该种群100a内在总体上保持稳定,并略有增长,但种群基因杂合率下降,累积绝灭率增加,尤以薄衣沟亚种群为最,提高环境容纳量,补充外来个体等措施能在不同程度上有利于该种群的长期存活,而近亲繁殖,灾害等因素则大大加速了种群的灭绝步伐,另外,成功的迁移扩散有利于异质种群的稳定与发展,否则对数量稀少的大熊猫种群有害无益,最后提出了针对性的保护与管理建议。     

黄腹角雉的种群数量及其结构研究

1983—1986年在浙江省乌岩岭自然保护区,应用标图法和线路统计法,对野生黄腹角雉种群、数量进行了统计分析。结果表明冬季种群约50只。种群数量有明显的季节变动:繁殖后期数量增加,秋末冬初开始明显下降。黄腹角雉繁殖力低,卵的损失率高,使种群数量上升十分缓慢。成体性比接近1:1,在各样区之间略有差异。在性比偏离1:1较大的样区,亚成体比例较高。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.