围植入期小鼠子宫内膜中整合素β3亚基的表达

目的 研究整合素β3亚基与胚泡植人的相关关系。方法 取未孕动情期、真孕及假孕3-6天小鼠子宫作切片,用免疫组织化学和图像分析法检测整合素β3亚基围植人期子宫内膜的表达状况和变化规律。结果 整合素β3亚基仅分布于子宫内膜腺上皮的细胞膜。在真孕组小鼠,受精后第4天,整合素β3亚基含量明显上升,第5天达到高峰,第6天又突然回落;假孕组小鼠,只有第5天时呈弱阳性表达,其余各天的表达均降至检测水平之下。结论 ①整合素β3亚基在真孕小鼠子宫内膜的表达与植人窗的开放相吻合,是子宫内膜接受性的客观标志。②启动整合素β3亚基表达变化的信号不仅受母体因素调控,还与胚泡刺激有关。     

动物胚胎植入与子宫内膜类器官研究进展

胚胎植入涉及胚胎与母体子宫内膜间复杂的相互作用,目前对于胚胎植入仍然有许多问题有待探究。子宫内膜上皮类器官与子宫内膜组装体模型为体外研究胚胎植入的过程提供了一个全新的思路。本文总结了胚胎植入过程、雌孕激素协同、胚胎源信号对子宫内膜容受态建立的调控机制、子宫内膜类器官的建立、子宫内膜组装体以及利用内膜组装体探索母-胎互作的最新研究进展,为研究胚胎植入过程中胚胎与母体子宫间的交流互作提供了新策略。     

一氧化氮对小鼠胚胎围植入期子宫VEGF及其受体表达的调节

为研究NO在胚胎植入中的作用机理 ,本文采用子宫角注射、原位杂交及Westernblot方法研究了一氧化氮 (NO)在小鼠胚胎植入过程中对血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)及其受体表达的调节。受试小鼠于妊娠第三天 (D3 )在一侧子宫角内注射一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)抑制剂N 硝基 L 精氨酸甲酯 (L NAME)或者L NAME与NO的供体硝普钠 (SNP)合用 ,另一侧子宫角为对照侧 ;收集并分别检测了D5,D6和D7天小鼠子宫中VEGF及其受体mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果显示 :与对照侧相比 ,L NAME处理后小鼠胚胎围植入期子宫中VEGF及其受体mRNA的表达有不同程度的下降 ;对VEGF及其受体蛋白表达水平检测表明 ,抑制的NO产生也使VEGF及其受体蛋白在小鼠围植入期子宫中的表达有不同程度的降低。当NOS抑制剂和NO的供体SNP同时注射小鼠时 ,VEGF及其受体mRNA和蛋白表达都恢复到正常水平。以上结果表明 ,在小鼠胚胎植入中NO可通过调节VEGF及其受体的表达参与血管新生 ,从而对胚胎植入起到调节作用     

着床期小鼠子宫内膜Le^y糖蛋白的动态变化

为了解子宫内膜Ｌｅ＾ｙ糖蛋白在胚泡着床期间的变化,以及与胚泡表面阶段特异性Ｌｅ＾ｙ抗原出现的关系,应用对Ｌｅ＾ｙ寡糖特的ＡＨ－６单抗为探针,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ免疫酶标染色,观察了小鼠子宫内膜Ｌｅ＾ｙ糖蛋白在着床期的动态变化和分布特点,结果表明：（１）未孕及着床前后的小鼠子宫内膜均含Ｌｅ＾ｙ糖蛋白Ｍｒ５０～２００ｋＤ,未孕内膜的含量明显高于着床期间的样品;（２）在着床日（Ｄ     

通过体内基因转染改变Meis1在围着床期小鼠子宫中的表达影响胚胎着床

通过宫腔内脂质体转染改变小鼠子宫内Meis1基因的表达水平,研究其对子宫内膜容 受性的影响,从而推测Meis1基因在胚胎着床中的作用.选择8～12周龄昆明小鼠,于妊娠 第2 ｄ,通过向小鼠宫腔内注入Meis1基因表达质粒和siRNA表达质粒及其各自的对照质粒 ,在妊娠第5ｄ, 提取小鼠子宫mRNA 和蛋白质行半定量RT-PCR 和免疫组化分析,观察各组小鼠子宫内膜Meis1和整合素β3的表达变化.在妊娠第9 ｄ,观察Meis1基因上调组及其对 照组、Meis1基因下调及其对照组妊娠率和胚胎着床数的差异.结果显示,Meis1基因下调组胚胎着床率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,Meis1基因上调组胚胎着床率略高于对照组,但无统计学意义（P>0.05）;Meis1基因上调组其整合素β3的表达高于其对照组,Meis1基因下调组 整合素β3的表达低于其对照组,差异均有显著性（P<0.05）.以上观察结果表明,Meis1基因表达下降可明显减少胚胎着床率,影响整合素β3的表达.Meis1基因表达提高则可促进整合素β3的表达. 因此,Meis1可能作为1种子宫内膜容受分子,在胚胎着床中发挥重要作用.     

着床期小鼠子宫内膜Le~y糖蛋白的动态变化

为了解子宫内膜Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白在胚泡着床期间的变化,以及与胚泡表面阶段特异性Ｌｅ~ｙ抗原出现的关系,应用对Ｌｅ~ｙ寡糖特异的ＡＨ－６单抗为探针,通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ免疫酶标染色,观察了小鼠子宫内膜Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白在着床期的动态变化和分布特点。结果表明：（１）未孕及着床前后的小鼠子宫内膜均含Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白Ｍｒ５０～２００ｋＤ）,未孕内膜的含量明显高于着床期间的样品;（２）在着床日（Ｄ４）样品可见微量１６ｋＤ的Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白条带;（３）未孕至Ｄ４的子宫内膜均有Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白分泌至宫腔,但呈渐减趋势,未孕样品Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白主要为分泌型,而Ｄ４样品Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白主要存在于子宫内膜,宫腔液含量很少;结果提示子宫内膜Ｌｅ~ｙ糖蛋白在着床期间具有含量、组成和分布上的动态变化,这些变化可能与胚泡着床以及胚泡在宫腔内其表面Ｌｅ~ｙ糖抗原转为阳性密切有关。     

环状RNA circCapzb在早孕小鼠围植入期子宫内膜中的表达

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类新型内源性非编码RNA,与多种疾病的发生、发展密切相关,但在胚胎着床的过程中罕见报道。该文旨在探讨环状RNA circCapzb在早孕小鼠围植入期子宫内膜中的表达。采用Real-time PCR检测正常妊娠小鼠孕第5天(d5)至第7天(d7)胚胎着床点及胚胎着床旁组织中circCapzb的表达水平;分别构建小鼠体内人工诱导蜕膜化模型和原代小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞体外人工诱导蜕膜化模型,采用Real-time PCR分别检测circCapzb在组织及细胞蜕膜化诱导模型中的表达;通过生物信息学预测circCapzb下游靶miRNA:miR-377-3p和miR-7005-5p,并采用Real-time PCR检测其在蜕膜化诱导模型中的表达。结果表明,circCapzb在小鼠孕第5天至第7天胚胎着床点的表达明显高于着床旁;circCapzb在组织及体内外细胞蜕膜化诱导模型中诱导组的表达明显高于未诱导组(对照组);circCapzb下游靶miR-377-3p和miR-7005-5p在组织及体内外细胞蜕膜化诱导模型中诱导组的表达明显低于未诱导组。该研究初步表明,circCapzb在小鼠早孕期胚胎着床点高表达,在组织及体内外细胞蜕膜化诱导模型中高表达,在小鼠妊娠早期子宫内膜蜕膜化过程中可能发挥作用,但具体机制有待进一步研究。     

KAI1/CD82 在早孕小鼠子宫内膜组织的表达研究

目的：观察KAI1／CD82 mRNA和蛋白在小鼠妊娠D1-D8子宫内膜组织的表达。方法：以胚胎与肿瘤同源性为理论基础,胚胎植入与肿瘤侵袭转移相似为切入点,采用免疫组化和RT-PCR技术。结果：KAI1／CD82 mRNA和蛋白在早孕子宫中,KAI1／CD82mRNA的表达渐增多,蛋白表达的量和范围也渐增强。结论：KAI1／CD82mRNA和蛋白在早孕子宫组织中的动态表达,提示它在胚胎精确侵袭子宫内膜的调节中发挥作用,是滋养层细胞精确侵袭调控的分子机制之一。     

Dynamic distribution of epidermal growth factor during mouse embryo peri-implantation

Embryo implantation depends on the synchronized development of the blastocyst and the endometrium. This process is highly controlled by the coordinated action of the steroid hormones: estrogen and progesterone. By autocrine, paracrine or juxtacrine routes, some growth factors or cytokines are involved in this steroidal regulation pathway. Here we report the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on embryo implantation in the mouse, the expression and distribution patterns of EGF protein in the mouse blastocyst, ectoplacental cone (EPC) and peri-implantation uterus on days 1-8 of gestation.By RT-PCR and dot blot, we found that EGF and its receptor (EGFR) are co-expressed in the blastocyst and peri-implantational uteri of pregnant days 2-8 (D2-D8) mice. Injection of EGF antibody into a uterine horn on the third day of pregnancy (D3) significantly reduced the number of mouse embryos that implanted on D8, indicating EGF have a function in the mouse embryo implantation.Further investigation by using indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscope was made to trace EGF and EGFR protein localization during the mouse embryo implantation. EGF and EGFR are co-localized in the blastocyst, and in the secondary trophoblastic giant cells (SGC) of the EPC. At the pre-implantation stage, the distribution of EGF protein in the mouse uterus changes from epithelium to stroma. On D1 of pregnancy, EGF is mainly distributed in uterine stroma and myometrium. On D2, it is present in the uterine epithelium. On D3, it changes again from the uterine epithelium to the stroma. By D4, EGF is predominantly in the stroma. This dynamic distribution correlates with the proliferation activity of uterine cells at each period. On D6-D8 of embryo implantation, EGF 3 protein accumulates at the uterine mesometrial pole, a region that contributes to the trophoblastic invasiveness and placentation.This temporal and spatial localization of EGF protein in the mouse uterus implicates the cytokine in the regulation of trophoblastic invasiveness and uterine receptiveness.     

Ganglioside GD1a regulation of caveolin-1 and Stim1 expression in mouse FBJ cells:Augmented expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1 in cells with increased GD1a content

GD1a was previously shown responsible for regulating cell motility, cellular adhesiveness to vitronectin, phosphorylation of c-Met and metastatic ability of mouse FBJ osteosarcoma cells. To determine the particular molecules regulated by GD1a, FBJ cells were assessed for tumor-related gene expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Caveolin-1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) expression in FBJ-S1 cells, rich in GD1a, were found to be 6 and 4 times as much, respectively, than in FBJ-LL cells devoid of GD1a. Enhanced production of caveolin-1 in protein was confirmed by Western blotting. A low-metastatic FBJ-LL cell variant, having high GD1a expression through β1-4GalNAcT-1 (GM2/GD2 synthase) cDNA transfection (Hyuga S, et al, Int J Cancer 83: 685-91, 1999), showed enhanced production of caveolin-1 and Stim1 in mRNA and protein, compared to mock-transfectant M5. Incubation of FBJ-M5 cells with exogenous GD1a augmented the expression of caveolin-1 in mRNA and protein and Stim1 in mRNA as well. Treatment of FBJ-S1 with fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of N-acylsphinganine synthesis, for 15 days caused the complete depletion of gangliosides and suppressed the expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1. St3gal5 siRNA transfected cells showed decreased expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1 mRNA, as well as St3gal5 mRNA. These findings clearly indicate ganglioside GD1a to be involved in the regulation of the transformation suppressor genes, caveolin-1 and Stim1. Moreover, treatment with GD1a of mouse melanoma B16 cells and human hepatoma HepG2 cells brought about elevated expression of caveolin-1 and Stim1. Li Wang and Shizuka Takaku are equal contributors to the present work     

Divergent expression and roles for caveolin-1 in mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines with varying invasive ability

Caveolin-1 is the major component protein of caveolae and associated with a lot of cellular events such as endocytosis, cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction, and tumorigenesis. The majority of results suggest that caveolin-1 might not only act as a tumor suppressor gene but also a promoting metastasis gene. In this study, the divergent expression and roles of caveolin-1 were investigated in mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines Hca-F, Hca-P, and Hepa1-6, which have high, low, and no metastatic potential in the lymph nodes, as compared with normal mouse liver cell line IAR-20. The results showed that expression of caveolin-1 mRNA and protein along with the amount of caveolae number in Hca-F cells was higher than that in Hca-P cells, but was not detectable in Hepa1-6 cells. When caveolin-1 expression in Hca-F cells was down-regulated by RNAi approach, Hca-F cells proliferation rate in vitro declined and the expression of lymphangiogenic factor VEGFA in Hca-F decreased as well. Furthermore, in vivo implantation assay indicated that reduction of caveolin-1 expression in Hca-F prevented the lymphatic metastasis tumor burden of Hca-F cells in 615 mice. These results suggest that caveolin-1 facilities the lymphatic metastasis ability of mouse hepatocarcinoma cells via regulation tumor cell growth and VEGFA expression.     

Effects of anandamide on embryo implantation in the mouse

Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine), an arachidonic acid derivative, is an endogenous ligand for both the brain-type (CB1-R) and spleen-type (CB2-R) cannabinoid receptors. To investigate the possible effects of anandamide on embryo implantation in the mouse, we used a co-culture system in which mouse embryos are cultured with a monolayer of uterine epithelial cells. Our results indicate that 14 nM anandamide significantly promotes the attachment and outgrowth of the blastocysts on the monolayer of uterine epithelial cells, and those effects could be blocked by CB1-R antagonists SR141716A, but not by SR144528, a CB2-R antagonist. It suggests that the effects of anandamide on embryo attachment and outgrowth are mediated by CB1-R. However, 56 nM anandamide is capable of inhibiting the blastocyst attachment and outgrowth, we, therefore, conclude that anandamide may play an essential role at the outset of implantation.     

The stimulating effect of recombinant cytokine LIF on the mouse blastocysts during implantation

The effect of recombinant LIF cytokine (Leukemia inhibitory factor) on the isolated mouse embryos at the stages of middle and late blastocyst has been investigated. We have demonstrated here that this agent is necessary in vitro at the stage of normal trophoblast formation after the blastocysts hatch from zona pellucida. This cytokine (10 ng/ml) caused intensification of adhesion and proliferative activity of the trophoblast cells. This is important for intercellular interactions with endometrium and for invasion of embryos into the uterus. The recombinant LIF insignificantly influenced cells of the inner cell mass.     

ABCA1 modulates the oligomerization and Golgi exit of caveolin-1 during HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in aortic endothelial cells

Previously, the authors have shown that the molecular interaction between caveolin-1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is associated with the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway in aortic endothelial cells (ECs). This study analyzed the role ABCA1 plays in caveolin-1-mediated cholesterol efflux in aortic ECs. Knockdown of ABCA1 by siRNA in primary rat aortic ECs after cholesterol treatment did not affect caveolin-1 expression but led to the retention of caveolin-1 in the Golgi apparatus, impaired caveolin-1 oligomerization, and reduced cholesterol efflux. Immunoblotting assay and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that HDL transiently up-regulated ABCA1 expression, induced caveolin-1 oligomerization, and promoted its Golgi exit, thereby enhancing cholesterol efflux. These HDL-induced events, however, were inhibited by down-regulation of ABCA1. It is concluded that HDL up-regulates ABCA1 expression, which in turn modulates the oligomerization and Golgi exit of caveolin-1 to enhance cholesterol efflux in aortic ECs.     

Identification of a splice variant of mouse caveolin-2 mRNA encoding an isoform lacking the C-terminal domain

We identified a splice variant of mouse caveolin-2 mRNA having an intronic sequence in place of the third exon (Deltaex3). The entire sequence of full-length (FL) and Deltaex3 caveolin-2 mRNA was determined; their sizes were 2490 and 973 bp, respectively. The Deltaex3 mRNA encoded a putative isoform lacking the C-terminal 49 amino acids of the authentic caveolin-2. The expression level of Deltaex3 was lower than that of FL mRNA, but considerable in some culture cells and tissues. The isoform lacking the C-terminus localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, while the authentic caveolin-2 was distributed to the Golgi and the plasma membrane along with caveolin-1. The result confirmed the necessity of the C-terminal domain of caveolin-2 for the caveolar localization, and showed the existence of a novel caveolin-2 isoform, which is not recruited to caveolae even in the presence of caveolin-1.