用旋光法测定L—脯氨酸含量

<正> L—脯氨酸是一种价格昂贵的中性氨基酸,是常州制药厂国内首先生产的治疗高血压和充血性心力衰竭的新药—血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂琉甲丙脯酸(Captoril;SQ—14225)的主要原料,此药并L—脯氨酸的回收工艺都于1983年7月通过鉴定。在琉甲丙脯酸的工业生产过程中,有一半以上的L—脯氨酸要通过水解与离子交换树脂予以提纯和回收,套用。而L—脯氨酸水溶液的含量分析工作是其一个重要环节。为了解决这一难题,我们通过多次摸索建立了一种新的快速有效的含量测定方法—用旋光测定L—脯氨酸含量。     

从鸡毛中分离 L—脯氨酸

羽毛中含有较多的L-脯氨酸。干鸡毛水解后用离子交换树脂层析分离可得到纯L—脯氨酸,产率5.6%左右。同时可以分离得到L—丙氨酸、L—丝氨酸和L—精氨酸。     

L—脯氨酸发酵液的脱色研究

对L-脯氨酸发酵液的脱色过程进行了研究,筛选到了具有脱色效果好,解吸容易,脯氨酸损失小等特点的XD型树脂并对有关脱色条件和吸附等温线进行了试验、分析,求得其最佳值;从解脱曲线的多峰型表明为非单—性色素。     

L—肉碱生物合成降解途径及生产方法

Ｌ－肉碱现已广泛应用于医疗、保健、食品等领域,效果显著。高等动物不能降解Ｌ－肉碱,而许多微生物能降解Ｌ－肉碱,其途径可划分为三类,分别以大肠杆菌、不动杆菌及假单胞菌为代表。目前,有关开发Ｌ－肉碱的研究报道很多,其中主要还是两大类：化学合成及生物转化,其中生物转化的方法被普遍看好。对Ｌ－肉碱在生物体内代谢途径认识的加深以及基因工程技术在改良菌株上的应用,将进一步促进Ｌ－肉碱的大规模工业化生产。     

前体促进紫杉醇生物合成的研究

通过正交试验研究了紫杉醇生物合成途径中一些可能的前体对紫杉醇生物合成的促进作用,结果表明,对紫杉醇合成有明显促进作用的前体是苯丙氨酸（１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、乙酸铵（５ｍｇ／Ｌ）。酪氨酸也有一定的作用。     

果糖和前体物质对紫杉醇生物合成的影响

研究了果糖和几种前体物质对东北红豆杉生产紫杉醇的影响,结果表明,在第12d加入6g/L果糖可以使紫杉醇产量增加63.89％,在糖协同的作用下,加入前体（0.05mmol/L乙酸钠,0.05mmol/L苯丙氨酸,0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠）可显著提高紫杉醇的合成,同对照相比,含量分别增加49.36%、13.18%和64.26%,在第15d向培养基中加入0.05 mmol/L乙酸钠、0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠、1mmol/L苯丙氨酸和6g/L果糖则使紫杉醇含量提高181.89％。     

甾体皂苷生物合成相关酶及基因研究进展

甾体皂苷是植物中广泛存在的一种次生代谢产物,其种类繁多且大多数有很强的生理活性,具有很大的药用研究价值和广泛应用前景。甾体皂苷生物合成途径复杂,受到多种酶的调控。本文综述了植物甾体皂苷的生物合成途径及途径中关键酶及基因的研究进展,并对其研究前景做简要展望。     

K物质在大鼠心脏内的分布及其对心血管活动的作用

本工作应用特异性K物质放射免疫分析法测定了大鼠心脏的K物质样免疫活性,心房和心室含量分别为19.9±3.5和4.1±0.8pmol/g组织。心脏内的K物质样免疫活性物质主要以单一分子形式存在。用免疫组织化学方法证明K物质免疫活性存在于心脏神经纤维内。大鼠心肌杂交细胞株(CP8401)细胞上含有K物质特异性结合部位,KD为1.61×10~(-10)mol/L,Bmax为8.08×10~(-12)mol/L。用心肌杂交细胞和离体心脏进行体外实验,证明K物质可释放ANF,这种释放可为速激肽受体拮抗剂[D-Pro~2,D-Trp~(7,9)]-SP部份抑制。给麻醉大鼠静脉注射K物质可引起血压降低、心率加快、左心室内压和收缩速度下降。这一作用亦可被[D-Pro~2,D-Trp~(7,9)]-SP所部份抑制。应用大鼠离体灌流心脏模型,发现K物质可升高心脏灌流压、左心室收缩期峰压、左心室内压最大上升速率和加快心率、具有正性变时和变力性作用。 本工作提示,K物质存在于心脏神经纤维内,在心肌细胞上具有K物质的特异性结合位点。K物质可促进心肌细胞释放心钠素,并可调节心脏的功能。     

THE EFFECTS OF PRECURSOR LOADING IN THE CEREBRAL METABOLISM OF 5-HYDROXYINDOLES

—Using either tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan as the precursor, and examining the metabolites in whole rat brain and in brain regions of dog, the pattern of metabolites resembled that found under physiological conditions only after tryptophan administration. From these and other observations on the cerebral 5-hydroxyindoles the main conclusions are firstly, that there are regional differences within brain in storage, turnover or metabolic fate of 5-HT. Secondly, that the normal pathway appears to be well localized biochemically with linking of its succeeding steps, and thirdly, that turnover through the system is normally controlled by intracerebral tryptophan 5-hydroxylase in both rats and dogs although there are differences between the species in the cerebral metabolism of 5-HT.     

诱导物及前体物对香荚兰细胞悬浮培养产生香兰素的影响

未经高温处理的黑曲霉诱导物对香荚兰细胞培养产生香兰素有促进作用;苯丙氨酸有利于香荚兰细胞生长,但对香兰素的合成无影响;阿魏酸则减缓细胞生长,明显促进香兰素的合成,但其浓度不宜高于5mmol/L。     

THE EFFECTS OF THE RELATIVE GEOGRAPHIC SCALES OF GENE FLOW AND SELECTION ON MORPH FREQUENCIES IN THE WALKING-STICK TIMEMA CRISTINAE

Gene frequencies in large populations are determined by a balance between selection and gene flow between neighborhoods of different selection regimes. This balance is affected by the area of the patches of a given selection regime relative to the gene-flow distance. If patches are small relative to gene-flow distance, similarity in the total area occupied by different patch types is a crucial condition for the stability of polymorphisms. However, if patches are larger than the gene-flow distance, then the relative area of different patch types is less important because of reduced gene flow resulting from isolation by distance. Two morphs (striped and unstriped) of the walking-stick Timema cristinae were each strongly associated with patches of distinct species of food plants on which they are most cryptic. The frequency of a morph was high on the plant on which it is most cryptic when either: (1) the area occupied by the food plant (patch) was very large; (2) the patch was completely isolated from other patches; or (3) the patch was larger than adjacent patches. Results (1) and (2) are consistent with isolation-by-distance models, and result (3) is consistent with Levene's multiple-niche polymorphism model.     

THE EFFECTS OF 4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

—The effect of 4-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on cerebral glucose metabolism has been studied. GHB increases the glucose level, decreases the lactate concentration and diminishes the incorporation of glucose carbon into glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid and GABA in the brain of the rat in a state of general anaesthesia. The data reported here suggest that GHB interferes in the metabolism of glucose in brain.     

P物质对兔离体输卵管峡部平滑肌活动的影响

本文在离体状态下观察P物质对不同性激素状态兔输卵管峡部平滑肌活动的影响。动物分成动情组、间情组、去卵巢组。实验结果:(1)P物质对间情兔输卵管峡部平滑肌的收缩有明显的抑制作用。(2)P物质对动情兔和去卵巢兔输卵管峡部平滑肌的收缩没有影响。结果表明P物质对不同性激素状态下的兔输卵管峡部平滑肌的作用不一致。     

EFFECTS OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND TYPE OF CONTAINER ON THE GROWTH OF F1 HYBRID ANNUALS IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS

The effects of three levels of relative humidity (40%, 65%, and 90%) and two types of containers (clay and plastic) on the seedling growth of three F₁ hybrid annuals were determined after 14 days of controlled-environment treatment. Forty percent relative humidity was severely limiting to the seedling growth of ‘Blue Blazer’ ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum Mill.), ‘Pink Cascade’ petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.), and ‘Double Eagle’ marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Raising the relative humidity to 65% resulted in striking increases in fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area, especially when clay containers were used. Height of the main shoot was increased significantly at 65% relative humidity but node number was influenced only slightly. Increasing the relative humidity further to 90% had no significant effect on fresh weight, dry weight, or percent dry weight for any of the three species, in either container. Leaf area was increased significantly at 90% only in ageratum seedlings grown in clay pots. Each species responded differently to the type of container used. The fresh weight and dry weight of petunia seedlings were significantly greater in plastic pots at every level of humidity while those of marigold seedlings were unaffected by the type of container used. Ageratum seedlings, on the other hand, had significantly greater fresh weights and dry weights in clay pots only at 90% relative humidity.