Early and late results of resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Resection of the abdominal aortic aneurysm is being performed with decreasing operative mortality and morbidity. Among 190 patients undergoing this procedure at the Ottawa Civic Hospital between 1970 and 1975, 53 (28%) had a ruptured aneurysm and 137 (72%), a nonruptured aneurysm. Mean age of the patients was 66.2 years. Concomitant disease was frequent, 73% of patients having two or more associated diseases; the average number of associated diseases per patient was 2.25. Operative mortality in the group with ruptured aneurysms was 51%, and in the group with nonruptured aneurysms, 4%. Postoperative morbidity was 85% among those with a ruptured aneurysm, 67% among those with imminent rupture before operation and 34% among the others with a nonruptured aneurysm. Graft complications occurred in 15% of those with a ruptured aneurysm and 9% of those with a nonruptured aneurysm. Among survivors of the operation 73% and 81% of those with a ruptured and a nonruptured aneurysm, respectively, are known to be alive. In both groups causes of late death included infection or thrombosis of the graft and mesenteric thrombosis, as well as causes unrelated to the operation. Surgical management of the abdominal aortic aneurysm is advocated in all but patients at poor risk for operation who have asymptomatic aneurysms less than 6 cm in diameter.     

祛瘀散烫疗对髋部骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓预防效果观察

目的观察中药制剂祛瘀散烫熨术对髋部骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的预防价值。方法选取髋部骨折术后患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组患者术后按常规方法护理,观察组患者术后在常规护理基础上于术后24h拔除引流管后加用中药祛瘀散对术肢进行烫熨,观察比较两组患者术前、术后组内及组间血浆D-二聚体指标变化情况。结果两组患者术前血浆D-二聚体比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组患者血浆D-二聚体比较,观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论中药制剂祛瘀散烫熨术对髋部骨折术后下肢DVT形成有预防作用,可降低术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险,减少髋部骨折术后并发症的发生。     

Determination of O and Vi antigens in typhoid fever in the slide coagglutination reaction

Investigations with a view to the development and trial of a slide coagglutination test system for the detection of specific Salmonella typhi antigens have been made. As a result, diagnostic agents with sensitivity to group D Salmonella lipopolysaccharides and Vi-antigen, equal to 1 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10(-6) g/l, have been obtained. Specimens of saliva, urine and fecal filtrates from 61 adult patients with bacteriologically confirmed typhoid fever and 54 practically healthy persons have been studied. The coagglutination test has been positive with specimens from 90 +/- 4% of typhoid fever patients and, within the first 5 days of the disease, with those from 85 +/- 7% of such patients. The slide coagglutination test with saliva specimens has been found to be more informative than that with urine specimens. The data obtained in these investigations indicate that the slide coagglutination test is highly sensitive and specific, which offers good prospects for its use as a simple, economic and demonstrative method for the early tentative diagnosis of typhoid fever.     

Diagnosis of Established Deep Vein Thrombosis with the 125I Fibrinogen Uptake Test

One hundred and two patients with clinical signs indicating a possible diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis were studied with the fibrinogen uptake test and phlebography to assess the reliability of the test as a means of diagnosing established venous thrombosis. The test gave a correct diagnosis in 78% of the 85 legs shown to contain thrombus by phlebography and only 19 (10%) false-negative results in the 195 legs examined. The duration of the symptoms, the administration of anticoagulants, and mild leg swelling did not affect the accuracy of the test. Very old thrombus, phlebographically more than 11 days old, was associated with an increased false-negative rate.The fibrinogen uptake test is accurate enough to make it a valuable method of clinical investigation.     

128排CT对股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析128排电子计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)对股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断价值。方法：2015年1月到2020年7月选择在本院诊治的股骨头置换术后疑似下肢静脉血栓形成患者78例作为研究对象,所有患者都给予128排CT检查,记录影像学特征并判断诊断价值,分析下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响因素。结果：在78例患者中,128排CT判断图像优69例,良9例,优良率为100.0 %。静脉造影判定为术后发生下肢深静脉血栓形成11例(DVT组),发生率为14.1 %,检出病变血管45支。二分类多因素Logistic回归分析显示术中出血量、手术时间、使用激素、年龄是导致股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的重要因素(P<0.05)。DVT组的血容量(cerebral blood volume,BV)与达峰时间(time to peak,TTP)值高于非DVT组(P<0.05),血流量(blood flow, BF)与平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)值低于非DVT组(P<0.05)。DVT组的血管狭窄评分低于非DVT组(P<0.05)。128排CT对股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断敏感性与特异性为100.0 %和97.0 %。结论：术中出血量、手术时间、使用激素、年龄是导致股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的重要因素,128排CT能有效检出下肢深静脉血栓形成情况,具有方便、快捷、无创的特点,可为临床诊治提供可靠依据。     

脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压患者肝脏血流动力学的影响及其术后门静脉血栓形成的因素分析

目的:探讨脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压患者肝脏血流动力学的影响,并分析患者术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。方法:选择2016年1月-2017年12月在我院进行脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术的96例肝硬化门静脉高压患者,于术前、术后1d、3d、7d采用彩色多普勒超声对患者的肝脏血流动力学指标进行动态监测。统计术后7d内患者门静脉血栓的发生率,并将患者分为血栓组(n=28)和无血栓组(n=68),对两组患者的一般资料、手术指标、彩色多普勒超声监测指标等进行单因素分析,并采用Logistic多因素回归分析门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。结果:患者在术前、术后1d、3d、7d时的门静脉内径、最大流速、血流量呈逐渐降低的趋势,肝动脉内径、最大流速、血流量呈逐渐升高的趋势,且各时间点间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后7d内有28例患者出现门静脉血栓,发生率为29.17%。血栓组和无血栓组患者在性别、年龄、体质量指数、手术时间、术前门静脉流速比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血栓组患者Child-Pugh分级为B级比例、术中出血量、脾质量、腹水量、术前门静脉内径均高于无血栓组,术后门静脉内径、术后门静脉流速均低于无血栓组(P0.05)。经Logistic多因素回归分析显示,患者术后门静脉内径、术后门静脉流速是门静脉血栓形成的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:行脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术的肝硬化门静脉高压患者术后进行肝脏血流动力学监测,有助于患者术后的疗效判断,且术后门静脉内径、术后门静脉流速是门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。     

Fixed minidose warfarin: a new approach to prophylaxis against venous thrombosis after major surgery.

A prospective study was carried out to see whether a small fixed dose of warfarin (1 mg daily) given before operation (mean 20 days) would prevent deep vein thrombosis in patients having major gynaecological surgery. One hundred and four patients were randomised into three groups: fixed minidose warfarin; full dose oral anticoagulation; and no treatment (controls). There was a significantly lower incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the minidose warfarin and full dose anticoagulant treatment groups (9% (3/32) and 3% (1/35) respectively) than in the controls (30%; 11/37) but no significant difference between the two anticoagulant treatment groups. Prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time were normal on the day of surgery in the warfarin treatment group, whereas times were prolonged in the group given full dose anticoagulation. Mean haemoglobin concentrations fell in all three groups after operation but the fall was significantly less in the minidose warfarin treatment group than after full dose anticoagulation. The benefit from full dose oral anticoagulant prophylaxis, based on a preoperative international normalised ratio of 1.5-2.5 with rabbit brain Manchester reagent, was similar to the protection achieved in an oral anticoagulant treatment group controlled with human brain Manchester comparative reagent at a similar level of anticoagulation. The lack of disturbance of normal haemostasis at the time of operation together with a significant reduction in deep vein thrombosis may encourage surgeons to introduce minidose prophylaxis with warfarin.     

Some haemostatic parameters in patients with deep and superficial venous thrombosis.

Some haemostatic parameters (AT III, alpha 2-AP, C1-INH, kallikrein, F.XII, fibrinogen, plasminogen, euglobulin lysis time, FDP and ethanol test) were studied in patients with deep (DVT) and superficial (SVT) venous thrombosis. The patients with DVT revealed significantly decreased AT III activity, increased alpha 2-AP, C1-INH activity, fibrinogen and FDP concentrations and prolongation of euglobulin lysis time. Ethanol gelation test was positive in 61% in DVT group. Plasminogen level was unchanged in patients with DVT. No significant changes in these parameters were found in SVT group. Only the ethanol gelation test was positive in 21% in this group. These results show a markedly expressed phenomenon of hypercoagulability in the group of patients with DVT and suggest that in the treatment different therapeutic procedures should be considered which influence these specific changes in these coagulation parameters.     

抗t-PA抗体水平和血栓的相关性研究

目的:研究自身免疫性疾病病人抗t-PA抗体水平和病人血栓形成之间的关系。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测原发性抗磷脂综合症和红斑狼疮患者(32例狼疮样抗凝物阳性,32例狼疮样抗凝物阴性)与40例健康对照的IgG类抗t-pA抗体的水平,用Pearson Chi-Square test的方法分析了病人体内IgG类抗t-PA抗体水平和血栓之间的相关性。结果:本试验研究的病人群体中IgG类抗t-PA抗体阳性的有13(20.3%)个,并且我们的研究表明IgG类抗t-PA抗体阳性和血栓病史显著相关(P=0.04)。结论:原发性抗磷脂综合症和红斑狼疮病人群体中有较高的IgG类抗t-PA抗体水平,它们可能和病人体内血栓的发生有关。     

膝关节镜下有限清理与广泛清理术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效

目的:研究膝关节镜下有限清理与广泛清理术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年2月至2013年2月我院收治的80例膝关节骨关节炎患者,按随机数字表法平均分为研究组及对照组各40例,研究组行膝关节镜下有限清理术,对照组行广泛清理术;比较两组患者治疗优良率、手术前及术后1年膝关节功能评分及手术时间、住院时间等。结果:研究组患者治疗优良率为80.00%(32/40)高于对照组的75.00%(30/40),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组手术时间及住院时间分别为(30.4±14.8)h及(8.9±4.3)d,明显低于对照组的(60.6±16.9)h及(15.6±6.8)d,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后1年膝关节功能评分较治疗前均明显改善,研究组术后Lysholm评分为(73.2±12.3)分,与对照组的(73.7±11.9)分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者均未出现术后感染等并发症,对照组2例出现术后下肢静脉血栓,研究组无严重并发症发生,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:膝关节镜下有限清理术治疗膝关节骨关节炎与广泛清理术疗效相当,但可明显缩短手术时间及住院时间,患者恢复快,值得推广应用。     

Stent thrombosis in patients treated with thienopyridines: clinical description of 10 cases

Subacute stent thrombosis (SAST) is a major thrombotic complication of coronary stenting. Its occurrence has been substantially reduced by thienopyridine treatment. However, information on clinical profile of patients with SAST in clopidogrel era is limited. In order to define the incidence and factors predisposing to stent thrombosis, we analyzed the computerized angiographic database of three interventional cardiology centers. Out of a total number of 5903 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) with stent implantation, we found 10 patients with SAST (0.17%). The indication for PCI was usually an early invasive approach (90%) during an acute coronary syndrome. All patients were treated with an apparently optimal antithrombotic regimen (90% received heparin or LMWH and 70% received IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors and all given aspirin). In each of the patients, we could identify high-risk angiographic findings. SAST presentation was always clinically significant with definite myocardial infarction in 100% of cases. 80% of cases occurred during the first six days post PCI. Two patients had a recurrent event. Finally, despite earlier reports of atorvastatin-mediated inhibition of clopidogrel activation we did not find any patient with SAST taking both drugs. Thus, patients with stent thrombosis during thienopyridine treatment usually exhibit high-risk angiographic features. Prospective studies should be performed to elucidate drug interactions that may reduce clopidogrel efficacy and contribute to stent thrombosis.     

对比分析多种介入途径治疗门静脉系统血栓的临床疗效

目的：对比分析多种介入途径治疗门静脉系统血栓的临床疗效。方法：收集从2001年1月至2009年3月经我科治疗的37例门静脉系统（包括门静脉、肠系膜上、下静脉及脾静脉）血栓形成患者,根据介入治疗途径的不同分为三组：A组（13例）行经TIPS途径门静脉行碎栓溶栓及置管溶栓术;B组（19例）行直接经皮穿肝门静脉碎栓和或置管溶栓术;C组（5例）行经肠系膜上动脉置管溶栓治疗。所有的患者术后定期随访1—12个月,复查CT或彩超了解门静脉系统的血流变化及临床症状恢复情况。结果：A组：经治疗出院时11例（85％）患者门静脉完全再通,;1例（8％）门静脉血流部分再通,1例（8％）术后第二天因出血死亡。术后随访1、3、6、12月门静脉通畅率分别为：85％,77％,77％,62％;所有患者的临床症状均明显缓解。B组：经治疗出院时7例（37％）门静脉完全再通,9例（47％）部分再通,3例（16％）因出血中止溶栓;随访1、3、6月、12月门静脉通畅率分别为：32％,26％,16％,16％。C组：经治疗出院时5例（100％）患者门静脉均未再通,通畅率为0％,术后随访1-3个月内4例患者I临床症状得到部分缓解。结论：经TIPS途径治疗后门静脉的再通率及临床症状改善均好于直接经皮穿肝及经肠系膜上动脉途径。经肠系膜上动脉置管溶栓法无法使已有侧支形成的门静脉主干复通,仅能一定程度缓解患者的临床症状。     

Prevention of Early Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis by Passive Exercise of Leg during Surgery

A clinical trial assessed the effect of passive exercise of the lower limb during surgery on the incidence of early postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Thrombosis was diagnosed by means of the ¹²⁵I-fibrinogen uptake test. Passive exercise of the lower limb during the operation was achieved by using a motorized foot mover designed for use on supine subjects, and by pedalling only one leg each patient acted as his own control.In a sequential statistical analysis, 47 patients were required to reach the 5% level of significance. Thrombosis was detected in 11 control (unpedalled) legs alone, and in only one pedalled leg alone. Two patients developed thrombosis bilaterally. The investigation shows that the incidence of early thrombosis in legs which were exercised during surgery was reduced by 77%.     

Omeprazole versus placebo for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: randomised double blind controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the possible therapeutic role of omeprazole, a powerful proton pump inhibitor, in unselected patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. DESIGN--Double blind placebo controlled parallel group study. Active treatment was omeprazole 80 mg intravenously immediately, then three doses of 40 mg intravenously at eight hourly intervals, then 40 mg orally at 12 hourly intervals. Treatment was started within 12 hours of admission and given for four days or until surgery, discharge, or death. SETTING--The medical wards of University and City Hospitals, Nottingham. SUBJECTS--1147 consecutive patients aged 18 years or more admitted over 40 months with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mortality from all causes; rate of rebleeding, transfusion requirements, and operation rate; effect of treatment on endoscopic appearances at initial endoscopy. RESULTS--Of 1147 patients included in the intention to treat analysis, 569 received placebo and 578 omeprazole. No significant differences were found between the placebo and omeprazole groups for rates of transfusion (302 (53%) placebo v 298 (52%) omeprazole), rebleeding (100 (18%) v 85 (15%)), operation (63 (11%) v 62 (11%)), and death (30 (5.3%) v 40 (6.9%)). However, there was an unexpected but significant reduction in endoscopic signs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients treated with omeprazole compared with those treated with placebo (236 (45%) placebo v 176 (33%) omeprazole; p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS--Omeprazole failed to reduce mortality, rebleeding, or transfusion requirements, although the reduction in endoscopic signs of bleeding suggests that inhibition of acid may be capable of influencing intragastric bleeding. Our data do not justify the routine use of acid inhibiting drugs in the management of haematemesis and melaena.     

Prevention of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Malignant Disease

We have used the ¹²⁵I-fibrinogen test to asses the value of an improved method of peroperative intermittent calf compression as a prophylactic measure against postoperative thrombosis. In a group of 99 patients over the age of 40 undergoing operations lasting more than 30 minutes the technique reduced the incidence of postoperative thrombosis by over 75%. In patients suffering from malignant disease, who are generally considered to be in the very high risk category, the reduction achieved was almost 90%.     

The Hopkins experience with lesions of the dorsal horn (Nashold's operation) for pain from avulsion of the brachial plexus

Lesions of the dorsal horn (DREZ operation) have been reported to be useful in reducing pain secondary to avulsion of the brachial plexus. Ten patients had the DREZ operation for this condition at The Johns Hopkins Hospital by one of us (JNC) between 1981 and 1985. Radiofrequency heat lesions were made. The patients were interviewed 7-52 months after the operation by one of two individuals not involved in the procedure to assess pain relief and postoperative complications. The mean pain relief was 85%, and there were no significant complications. It is concluded that the DREZ operation is the treatment of choice for treatment of severe pain that results from avulsion of the brachial plexus.     

Arginase as a useful factor for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases

The present work is a continuation of studies on arginase as a marker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the arginase test in comparison with other colorectal cancer tests such as CEA, CA 19-9 and biochemical markers of liver function such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The studies were conducted on blood serum from 85 patients with CRCLM obtained one to two days before tumor resection. The control group comprised 140 healthy blood donors and 81 patients with various non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases. Raised arginase activity was observed in serum of 85% of CRCLM patients, whereas elevated levels of CEA and CA 19-9 were found in 63% and 42% of patients, respectively. The combination of CEA or CA 19-9 with the arginase assay improved their sensitivity, but the sensitivity of the combined parameters was not higher than that of the arginase test itself. AST and ALT activities were increased in about 30% of CRCLM patients. The specificity of the arginase test calculated for 221 control subjects was 76%. It can thus be concluded that the determination of serum arginase activity can be helpful in the diagnosis of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases.     

Is an information booklet for patients leaving hospital helpful and useful?

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether a booklet given to patients being discharged from hospital giving details of their admission and treatment increased their knowledge and recall when reviewed in outpatient clinics. DESIGN--Patients alternately allocated to receive a booklet or to serve as controls. Assessment by a questionnaire at first attendance at outpatient clinic after discharge. Data were collected over nine months. SETTING--One general medical and cardiological ward in a large teaching hospital and associated outpatient clinics. PATIENTS--One hundred and thirty one patients discharged taking at least one drug and scheduled to return to clinic within 12 weeks. Patients stratified by age and by the number of weeks between discharge and outpatient appointment. INTERVENTION--A booklet was given to 65 patients at discharge from the ward; 66 patients served as controls. MAIN RESULTS--Of the patients who received the booklet, 56 (86%) knew the names of their drugs, 62 (95%) the frequency of the dose, and 55 (85%) the reasons for taking each drug. The numbers in the control group were 31 (47%), 38 (58%), and 28 (42%) respectively. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.001). Twenty six (40%) who received the booklet brought all their drugs to clinic compared with 12 (18%) control patients. Appreciably more of the first group of patients than control patients knew the reason they had been in hospital, and more of the first group indicated that they would take the correct action when their prescribed drugs ran out. Most general practitioners thought that the booklet was a good idea, that it was helpful, and that it was better than the existing interim discharge letter. CONCLUSIONS--Giving patients an information booklet at discharge from hospital appreciably increased the accuracy and thoroughness of their recall of important medical details concerning their illness and its treatment. The booklet was shown to be feasible, helpful in the outpatient clinic, and preferred by most general practitioners.     

Lipid analysis of Greek walnut oil (Juglans regia L.)

The walnut oil (Juglans regia L.) total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and they were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)/FID and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (96.9% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (3.1% of total lipids). The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of sphingolipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 85%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 15%. Two types of liposomes were prepared from the isolated walnut oil phospholipids and characterized as new formulations. These formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetic active ingredients.     

四联疗法和序贯疗法治疗服用非甾体类消炎药人群幽门螺杆菌感染的临 床对照研究

目的:对比四联疗法和序贯疗法对根除服用非甾体类消炎药(NSAID)人群幽门螺杆菌(Hp),改善其消化道不良症状及促进消化性溃疡愈合的临床效果。方法:对有消化不良症状的服用非甾体类消炎药物患者行胃镜检查、快速尿激酶及13C呼气试验检查,将155例幽门螺杆菌阳性合并有慢性胃炎或消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,A组采用四联疗法,B组采用序贯疗法。A组予雷贝拉唑+克拉霉素+阿莫西林+枸橼酸铋钾治疗10天;B组前5天予雷贝拉唑+阿莫西林,后5天予雷贝拉唑+克拉霉素+甲硝唑。治疗结束后,予雷贝拉唑和胃黏膜保护剂治疗8周。停药4周后,复查胃镜、13C呼气试验,观察和比较两组Hp根除率、消化不良症状缓解率及溃疡愈合率。结果:A、B两组Hp根除率分别为(ITT分析:86.7%和81.9%;PP分析:87.8%和84.3%);症状缓解率为(81.9%对79.2%);胃溃疡愈合率为(68.8%对66.7%),十二指肠球部溃疡的愈合率为(68.2%对70.0%),两组患者间Hp根除率、症状缓解率及溃疡愈合率比较均未见明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。四联疗法组和序贯疗法组不良反应的发生率分别为4.9%和4.3%。两组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:四联疗法和序贯疗法对长期服用非甾体类消炎药物人群的Hp根除疗效、消化不良症状的缓解及促进溃疡愈合的治疗作用均无明显差异。