陕西省袭人胡蜂种类与分布

通过调查基本明确了陕西省袭人胡蜂的种类和发生危害情况,确定了袭人胡蜂不同种类在陕西省各地区的分布情况,并制定了分类检索表,描述了3种主要的袭人胡蜂和其它2种胡蜂的基本特征。     

凹纹胡蜂与黑尾胡蜂蛋白氨基酸分析研究

为弄清胡蜂蛋白氨基酸(特别是人体必需氨基酸)的组成,探索利用胡蜂作食品,作者对凹纹胡蜂Vespa velutina auraria Smith与黑尾胡蜂Vespa tropica ducalisSmith成虫、蛹、幼虫、巢室、巢壳的氨基酸成分和含量进行了分析,结果报道如下:     

凹纹胡蜂与黑尾胡蜂生物学初步研究：膜翅目：胡蜂科

本文首次介绍了凹纹胡蜂Vespa velutina auraria Smith与黑尾胡蜂V.tropica ducalis Smith在实验室内饲养和自然条件下的生物学习性观察情况。结果表明,两种胡蜂在室内温度14—25℃,相对湿度43—89％条件下完成一代发育所需时间为33—53天,其中卵期9—15天,幼虫期10—18天,蛹期15一20天,全年可发生三代。工蜂寿命为24—142天,雄蜂4—60天。 凹纹胡蜂可在人工控制条件下越冬和自行营巢。 两种胡蜂的主要天敌是蜂蝙科Stylopidae和寄绳科Tachinidae昆虫。     

花长黄胡蜂Dolichovespula flora Archer雄性的首次描记（膜翅目：胡蜂科）

在陕西少华山首次发现了花长黄胡蜂Dolichovespula flora Archer,1987的地上巢从而获得该种胡蜂完整的3个社会等级,对雄性进行了首次描记,并简要讨论其近似种关氏长黄胡蜂D.kuami KimYoon,1996的分类地位。     

4种胡蜂前溶血肽原基因的克隆与序列比较

从雌性亚非马蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、大胡蜂毒腺中抽提总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增得到4种胡蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原的cDNA,再将扩增产物克隆到pGEM⑥-Teasy vector上。测序结果表明：扩增得到的片段长度均为213bp,系蜂毒前溶血肽原编码区的cDNA。经序列比较,4种胡蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原之间的氨基酸序列同源性都超过95％。亚非马蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、大胡蜂各自与意大利蜜蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95．8％、100％、97．2％、97．2％。结果表明：蜂毒前溶血肽原一级结构序列具有很高的保守性,尽管胡蜂和蜜蜂属于膜翅目不同的总科,但它们的前溶血肽原基因却非常相似。     

2种蜜蜂和4种胡蜂蜂毒明肽基因比较

从中华蜜蜂、意大利蜜蜂和大胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、亚非马蜂6种蜂的雌成蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA,用RT—PCR方法分别扩增各得到大小约为150bp的cDNA片段,进一步将这6个片段克隆人pGEM^5—T easy载体,进行测序和序列分析。结果表明,所扩增得到的6个片段长度均为141bp,均为编码蜂毒apamin前体的cDNA。序列比较发现,中华蜜蜂、大胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂和亚非马蜂序列完全一样,都与已发表意大利蜜蜂precursor of apamin核苷酸序列具有95％同源性,氨基酸序列具有95％的同源性。额斑黄胡蜂和意大利蜜蜂precursor of apamin核苷酸序列完全一样。本研究首次从中华蜜蜂与几种胡蜂中克隆到蜂毒precursor of apamin基因,并发现胡蜂科与蜜蜂科来源的蜂毒明肽序列是完全保守的。     

墨胸胡蜂生物学特性的观察

墨胸胡蜂VespanigrithoraxBuysson隶属膜翅目,胡蜂科。据记载国内主要分布在浙江、江西、福建、四1;D、广东、广西、云南、贵州、西藏。近年来长江以北地区数量增加,我们对安徽江淮地区的墨胸胡蜂的形态、筑巢、食性等生物学特性进行了初步观察,报道如下。l形态特征墨胸胡蜂是社会性昆虫,其群体由雌蜂、职蜂、雄蜂组成。雌蜂：头部略窄于胸部,两触角窝之间三角平面隆起,呈棕色。颊部上部1／3为墨色,下部2／3棕色。上颚粗壮,红棕色,端部呈黑色。胸部均呈黑色,翅呈棕色。前足基节前缘内侧呈棕色,其余黑色,转节、股节黑色,外侧…     

广西胡蜂的敌害初步调查

胡蜂Vespidae是重要的捕食性天敌和授粉昆虫,敌害是制约胡蜂种群存活与发育的主要因素之一,弄清胡蜂的敌害种类和危害,可以为下一步防治技术措施的研究提供参考.通过目测法和设监视器等方法对广西胡蜂标准蜂群培育及其野训成为经济蜂群阶段的敌害种类和危害情况进行了初步调查,结果发现,胡蜂的敌害共有33种,其中有害动物19种、有害微生物14种.在标准蜂群野训成为经济蜂群期,对胡蜂危害严重的有害动物为蚂蚁、鸟类、盗虻、蝙蝠及松鼠等,蚂蚁对蜂群的危害最严重、最普遍;在蜂王越冬及标准蜂群培育期,对胡蜂危害严重的病害种类较多,有以色列急性麻痹病毒病、白垩病、欧幼病等,其中危害最严重的是以色列急性麻痹病毒病.14种有害微生物中,有13种病害是蜜蜂群中常见的病害.     

云南胡蜂垂直分布及其区系分析

云南胡蜂种类,李铁生(1982,1987)曾报道50余种。但有关云南胡蜂的垂直分布及其区系分析研究迄今未见报道。作者于1981—1986年对云南各地的胡蜂种类进行调查和标本采集,经初步整理鉴定,共分7科31属122种(包括亚属和亚种)。本文就云南122种胡蜂总科昆虫,根据地形、气候、植被、海拔等自然特点作一垂直带划分。并对各胡蜂种的区系成分进行了分析,现将结果报道如下。     

杭州市螫人胡蜂种类及发生趋势分析

对杭州市消防部门2001~2004年为民摘除“马蜂窝”服务情况进行了调查,鉴定出螫人胡蜂有3种:墨胸胡蜂Vespa velutina nigrithoraxBuysson、拟大胡蜂Vespa analis nigransBuysson和亚非马蜂Polistesolivaceus(De Geer),其中墨胸胡蜂为主要危害种类,占所采集蜂巢的77.4%。从不同年份和月份、不同消防区摘除蜂巢服务资料统计结果看出,近年来胡蜂的发生数量呈上升趋势,每年6~10月份为高发期,城市中心区域是蜂巢的主要分布区,居民住宅是主要分布场所。并就治理方法进行了讨论。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.