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1.
IAA-induced elongation and control growth of light-grown cucumberhypocotyl sections were markedly inhibited by DCCD, an inhibitorof membrane-bound ATPases. The concentration effective for inducingmarked inhibition was more than 105 M. At 105M DCCD, there was an apparent antagonism between IAA and DCCD.At 5 x 105 M DCCD, the inhibition was partially recoveredby 104 M of IAA. The results might indicate a close associationof the auxin action with membrane-bound ATPases. The DCCD inhibitionwas so strong that treatment with 104 M DCCD for about5 min significantly suppressed further growth and longer incubationkilled the sections. In contrast, DCCD had not inhibitory effecton both control growth and IAA-induced elongation if GA3 waspresent simultaneously. DCCD treatment followed by GA3 treatmentstill resulted in the inhibition, suggesting that the inhibitionwas not reversible. In order to obtain reversal of DCCD inhibitionby GA3 both compounds must be present at the same time. TheGA3 effect is discussed in connection with the mechanism ofDCCD action on membrane-bound ATPases. (Received October 6, 1975; ) 相似文献
2.
- Phyllosinol is a phytotoxic metabolite of Phyllosticta sp. Thissubstance at 100 µg/ml produced dark grey necrotic lesionson the leaf of red clover. Sensitivities of various plant speciesto phyllosinol differed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
- Phyllosinol reduced root growth in rice seedlings by 60% at104 M, whereas stimulation of root elongation occurredat a concentration range from 109 to 105 M.
- Phyllosinolat 2.5x104M promoted adventitious root formationin epicotylsof Azukia cuttings by about 100%. Promotion waspartly reducedby simultaneous application of cysteine.
- IAA-induced elongationof isolated Avena coleoptile sectionswas inhibited by phyllosinolat a concentration range from 105to 103M.
- Sulfhydrylcompounds, i.e. cysteine and glutathione relievedinhibitioncaused by phyllosinol in IAA-induced elongation ofAvena coleoptilesections.
- GA3-induced elongation of wheat leaf sections wasslightly inhibitedby phyllosinol at 104M.
- Phyllosinolalso has antibiotic activity. Among the organismstested, Phycomycetesand Gram-negative bacteria appeared mostsusceptible to phyllosinol.
3.
ISHIZAKA NOBUYUKI; TOMIYAMA KOHEI; KATSUI NOBUKATSU; MURAI AKIO; MASAMUNE TADASHI 《Plant & cell physiology》1969,10(1):183-192
Rishitin, a norsesquiterpene alcohol, found in infected, resistantpotato-tuber tissue completely inhibited zoospore germinationand germtube elongation of Phytophthora infestans (MONT.) DEBARY at 103M. There was little difference in sensitivityto rishitin among races of Phytophthora infestans. IAA-inducedelongation of Avcna coleoptile sections and GA3-induced elongationof wheat leaf sections were also inhibited by rishitin. Theinhibition of IAA-induced elongation of Avena coleoptiles wasrelieved to some extent by increasing IAA concentration. However,little relief of the inhibition of GA3-induced elongation ofwheat leaf sections was obtained by increasing GA3 concentration.No plant injury was observed at this concentration of rishitin(103M). Examination of a series of rishitin derivatives indicated thatthe hydroxyl group at C-3 is indispensable for antifungal activity.This activity was intensified by saturating the double bondbetween the rings of rishitin and/or that of the isopropenylgroup at C-7, though activity decreased when oxygenated functionalgroups were introduced into the side chain. Aromatization of the A ring did not lower biological activities.The antifungal activities of most rishitin derivatives almostparalleled their activities as plant growth retardants. However,some compounds without antifungal activity were active as growthretardants.
1Studies on the phytoalexins (5). (Received August 14, 1968; ) 相似文献
4.
Effects of kinetin (K), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and 2-(chloroethyl)-trimethylammoniumchloride (CCC) on levels of alanine aminotransferase (GPT) andrates of protein synthesis were studied with both intact plantsand isolated leaf segments of Lolium temulentum L. In intactplants CCC stimulated and CA3 reduced GPT activity, the effectsbsing much greater in 8.h than in 16-h photoporiods. CCC showedmaximum stimulatory effects at 102 M and K at 5 x 105M. No effect of GA3 could be demonstrated with concentrationsup to 104M. Both K and CCC retarded GPT decline in leafsections, the latter without associated effects upon pigmentbreakdown. Cycloheximide was highly effective in reducing proteinsynthesis in leaf sections. A close correlation between rateof protein synthesis and GPT activity was found over an inhibitorconcentration range from 106 to 104 M. The resultsare discussed in terms of possible methods of in vivo regulationof GPT activity. 相似文献
5.
IAA-induced growth of light-grown cucumber hypocotyl sectionsis markedly enhanced by GA3-pretreatment of the sections; thereis a distinct synergism between IAA and GA3. Water pretreatmentalso enhances IAA-induced growth. On the other hand, IAA-pretreatedsections showed practically no further growth in response topost treatment with GA3. The enhancing effect of GA3 is obtainedwith only 30 min pretreatment, the maximum effect occuring with2 hr pretreatment. Pretreatment longer than 8 hr is less effective.This enhancing effect of GA3 can be observed soon after posttreatment with IAA. The response of GA3-pretreated sectionsto IAA is greater in pretreatment with higher concentrationsof GA3, and higher degrees of synergism between IAA and GA3are obtained at IAA concentrations less than 10-4 M. This synergisticinteraction between GA3 and IAA is more marked in aged hypocotylsections than in young sections. From these results we concludedthat gibberellin sensitizes hypocotyl cells to the subsequenteffect of auxin on cell elongation. (Received October 6, 1973; ) 相似文献
6.
In azuki bean (Azukia angularis = Vignia angularis) epicotylsections, 5 ? 104 M coumarin inhibited the incorporationof radioactivity from [U14C]glucose into the cellulosefraction by 35% in the absence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)and by 40% in the presence of 1 ? 104 M IAA. There wasno inhibitory effect on the incorporation of radioactivity intothe other fractions. Coumarin at 5 ? 104 M reversed thepromoting effect of 1 ? 105 M gibberellin A3 (GA) andthe inhibitory effect of 1 ? 105 M kinetin on IAA-inducedelongation of sections with no significant effects on IAA-inducedelongation. Neither GA nor kinetin had any appreciable effectson cellulose synthesis. No inhibition of cellulose syntheiswas observed with 1 ? 103 M colchichine, which has beenreported to have effects similar to those of coumarin on GA-or kinetin-affected stem elongation. Coumarin at 5 ? 104M was ineffectual in breaking up wall microtubules, while adisrupting effect on wall microtubules was clearly demonstratedwith 3 ? 104M colchicine. From these results, the possible involvement of cellulose synthesisin cell expansion controlled by GA or kinetin was suggested. (Received August 3, 1973; ) 相似文献
7.
Effects of three phytohormones (IAA1, GA3 and kinetin) on grain-fillingand the pattern of 32P translocation from individual leavesto grains were studied at intervals of 7 days during the progressof reproductive development of rice (Oryza saliva L. cv. Jaya).The plants were sprayed with 100 µg ml1 aqueoussolutions of the hormones at 100 days, when the plants wereentering the reproductive stage. Kinetin produced a pronouncedeffect on grain-filling as well as on 32P mobilization fromindividual leaf to grains and increased yield, possibly by increasingleaf longevity. GA3 and IAA also increased the grain-fillingand 32P mobilization significantly over control but the effectswere less marked than those of kinetin. Oryza sativa L., rice, grain yield, translocation, growth regulators, gibberellic acid, indol-3-yl acetic acid, kinetin 相似文献
8.
IAA, 2,4-D and GA3 promoted the elongation of young hyphae inNeurospora crassa at the optimum concentrations of 106,106 and 104 M, respectively. The effects of IAAand GA3 were additive. (Received June 17, 1983; Accepted December 22, 1983) 相似文献
9.
Interaction of a Brassinosteroid with IAA and GA3 in the Elongation of Cucumber Hypocotyl Sections 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A synthetic brassinosteroid, 22,23(S,S)-homobrassinolide (hBR),was examined for its interaction with IAA and GA3 in the elongationof hypocotyl sections of light-grown cucumber (Cucumis salivusL. cv. Aonagajibai) seedlings. hBR alone was less active thanIAA. Its optimal concentration was around 10 µM and thelowest effective concentration between 10 and 100 µM,which is more than 100 times higher than that of brassinolide.hBR was more active in sections from younger seedlings. Itsgrowth-promoting effect was negated or greatly reduced by inhibitorsof auxin-induced elongation such as p-chlorophenoxyisobutyricacid and kinetin. hBR acted synergistically with IAA and 2,4-Dbut not with GA3 showing only an additive effect. Sequentialtreatment of sections with hBR and then with IAA also resultedin synergistic enhancement of auxininduced elongation, but whenthe order of treatment was reversed, hBR was inactive. The synergisticeffect was obtained with 1 h pretreatment with hBR and couldbe reduced by subsequent washing with water. There was no sequentialinteraction between hBR and GA3. The synergistic pretreatmenteffects of hBR and GA3 were simply additive to each other. Amembrane-bound ATPase inhibitor, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, inhibitedthe hBR-induced elongation, but did not affect GA3-induced elongation.The findings led to the conclusion that brassinosteroids enhanceauxin action and possess growth-promoting activity which isindependent of that of gibberellin. (Received November 9, 1984; Accepted February 18, 1985) 相似文献
10.
Pretreatment effects of different gibberellins, helminthosporicacid, cyclic AMP and Kinetin on subsequent IAA-induced elongationwere tested in cucumber hypocotyl sections. Gibberellin A7 wasmore active than GA3, while gibberellin A3 was almost inactive.Both helminthosporic acid and cyclic AMP mimicked GA3-action,though the degree of their activity was less. Kinetin pretreatmentresulted in marked inhibition of IAA-induced elongation. Thepretreatment effect of GA3 was also reflected in a greater responceof the sections to synthetic auxins. (Received October 6, 1973; ) 相似文献
11.
Removal of the blade from the leaf subtending the first flowerbud on Cyclamen persicum Swan Lake plants causedthe petiole of that leaf to senesce, but had no effect on thegrowth of the flower peduncle in the debladed petiole's axil.A 10 mg NAA l1 application generally had no effect onpetiole senescence, peduncle elongation or flowering date whenapplied to the cut end of the petiole after blade removal. A25 mg GA3 l1 application or a combination of 25 mg GA3l1 application or a combination of 25 mg GA3 l1plus 10 mg NAA l1 delayed petiole senescence and enhancedpeduncle elongation and subsequent flowering. No treatment significantlyaltered peduncle length at the time of flowering. Cyclamen persicum Mill, Swan Lake, tissue receptivity, flowering, GA3, NAA 相似文献
12.
Nakamura Teruko; Mitsuoka Kazumi; Sugano Mami; Tomita Kaori; Murayama Tadako 《Plant & cell physiology》1985,26(7):1433-1437
In Gibberella fujikuroi and Penicillium notatum, IAA, 2,4-Dand GA3 promoted conidial germination and the elongation ofyoung hyphae. The promotive effects of IAA and GA3 were additive.In both fungi, the concentrations of endogenous auxin and gibberellinin the culture media were 1010 to 61012M. (Received April 27, 1985; Accepted August 12, 1985) 相似文献
13.
Inhibition of Gibberellic Acid-Induced Elongation-Growth of Pea Epicotyls by Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The biological activity of a cell wall-derived xyloglucan nonasaccharide(XG9) was investigated using a bioassay with entire pea epicotyls(Pisum sativum cv. Progress). The xyloglucan fragment was foundto inhibit gibberellic acid-induced elongation of etiolatedpea epicotyls with maximum inhibition at concentrations rangingfrom 1011 to 109M. Growth of etiolated epicotylsin the absence of exogenously applied GA3 was also inhibitedby XG9 in the same concentration range. A cell wall-derivedheptasaccharide (XG7) lacking the fucosyl-galactosyl-side chainshowed no inhibitory effect in the pea epicotyl bioassay withand without exogenous GA3. Furthermore, the biological activityof a synthetic pentasaccharide (XG5), containing the fucosylgalactosyl-sidechain which is necessary for the biological activity was investigatedin the same bioassay. Compared to XG9 the pentasaccharide hada similar inhibitory activity on GA3-promoted elongation aswell as on the endogenous growth in the absence of exogenouslyapplied GA3, but did not exhibit a distinct concentration optimum. Key words: Elongation-growth, gibberellic acid (GA3), oligosaccharides, pea, XG9 相似文献
14.
Effects of Some Growth Regulators and Benzoic Acid Derivatives on Flower Initiation and Root Elongation of Pharbitis nil, Strain Kidachi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seedlings of Pharbitis nil, strain Kidachi, were grown undercontinuous light at 20°C in vessels containing 5,000-mlnutrient solution, 24 plants per vessel. NAA (0.0050.5µM), GA3 (0.10.5 µM), kinetin (0.55µM), benzyladenine (0.055 µM) or abscisicacid (4 µM) added to the nutrient solution induced long-dayflowering, and the flowering was always accompanied by suppressionof root elongation. 3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid (0.0510µM) and some other benzoic acid derivatives which arehighly effective for the induction of flowering in Lemna paucicostataalso showed similar effects. Neither NAA, kinetin nor 3,4-dichlorobenzoicacid applied via the apical part of the hypocotyl could causeflowering or suppression of root elongation. Thus, the flower-inducingeffect of the above substances was presumed to be secondaryto the suppression of root elongation. Ethrel (150 µM)added to the nutrient solution suppressed root elongation, butdid not induce flowering probably because it has flower-inhibitingactivity.
1 This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Joji Ashida,the first president of the Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. (Received December 15, 1982; Accepted February 25, 1983) 相似文献
15.
Effects of GA3 and CCC application on the sprouting of bulbilsor subterranean dormant organs of 10 species in the genus Dioscoreawere observed. Although the efficiency of both chemicals differedby species, in general GA3 inhibited and CCC promoted the sproutingof the above dormant organs. In some species, however, dilutedGA3 (0.0030.3 µM) has a promotive and diluted CCC(330 µM) has an inhibitive effect on sprouting. Effects of GA3 application on shoot elongation were tested onsprouted bulbils. GA3 promoted elongation when applied directlyto the shoots and inhibited it when applied to the bulbous parts. These results suggest that GA activates two opposing reactionssprouting-promotingand sprouting-inhibitingin these organs. The complicatedrelation between GA3 or CCC concentrations and sprouting wereexplainable by assuming that the two counteractive reactionswere activated by GA in different degrees.
1 Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,Yamagata University, Yamagata 990, Japan. (Received June 21, 1976; ) 相似文献
16.
Abscisic acid (ABA) applied to the decapitated second internodeof runner bean plants enhanced outgrowth of lateral buds onlywhen internode stumps were no longer elongating. Applied toelongating internodes of slightly younger plants, ABA causesinhibition of bud outgrowth. Together with 104 M indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA), ABA stimulated internode elongation and interactedadditively in the inhibition of bud outgrowth. A mixture of105 M ABA and 106 M gibberellic acid (GA3 ) causedsimilar effects on internode growth as IAA + ABA, but was mutuallyantagonistic in effect on growth of the lateral buds. Abscisic acid, apical dominance, gibberellic acid, indol-3yl acetic acid, Phaseolus coccineus, bean 相似文献
17.
Nakayama Ishizue; Kamiya Yuji; Kobayashi Masatomo; Abe Hiroshi; Sakurai Akira 《Plant & cell physiology》1990,31(8):1183-1190
Inhibition of the biosynthesis of gibberellins by prohexadione,3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclo-hexanecarboxylic acid, was studiedwith cell-free systems derived from immature seeds of Cucur-bitamaxima, Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum. Prohexadione,at a concentration of 104 M, inhibited C-7 oxidationof GA12-aldehyde, C-20 oxidation of GA15, conversion of C20-gib-berellinsto C19-gibberellins, 3ß-hydroxylation, 2,3-dehydrogenationof GA20, 2,3-epoxidation of GA5 and 2ß-hydroxylationof GA9 and GA20. The 3ß-hydroxylase activity appearedto be more sensitive to prohexadione than were the C-20 oxygenaseand the 2ß-hydroxylase activities. The conversionof mevalonic acid to GA12-aldehyde and the 13-hydroxylationof GA12 were not affected by prohexadione at a concentrationof 3 ? 104 M. All of the steps inhibited by prohexadioneare oxidation steps catalyzed by soluble enzymes that require2-oxoglutarate, Fe2+ and oxygen, and all of them occur distalto the synthesis of GA12-aldehyde in the biosynthesis of gibberellins. (Received April 4, 1990; Accepted September 14, 1990) 相似文献
18.
Hara Takayuki; Nagatani Akira; Yamaguchi Isomaro; Murofushi Noboru; Takahashi Nobutaka; Furuya Masaki 《Plant & cell physiology》1988,29(6):913-918
In the fern Lygodium japonicum, the effect of the exogenousapplication of two gibberellin methyl esters, gibberellin A4methyl ester (GA4Me) and gibberellin A20 methyl ester (GA20Me)on spore germination in the dark and uptake of GA4Me and GA20Meby spores was investigated. Tritiated GA4Me and GA20Me wereprepared and used as radioactive tracers. The activity of GA4Mewas more than 100-fold that of GA20Me for the induction of sporegermination. When treated for 24 h, the activity for inducingspore germination remained after removal of the gibberellinmethyl esters from the medium. The amount of GA4Me taken upby spores was more than three times that of GA20Me throughoutthe 24 h time course of treatment. The uptake of both gibberellinmethyl esters was proportional to the external concentrationfor the range of concentrations between 109 M and 106M. When treated with the tritiated gibberellin methyl estersat 106 M and 107 M for 24 h, most of the gibberellinmethyl esters taken up by the spores were not metabolized. Althoughthe uptake of the two gibberellin methyl esters differed by3- to 5- fold, their abilities to induce spore germination differedby more than 100-fold. Therefore, the difference in the activityof the two gibberellin methyl esters regarding the inductionof spore germination could not be explained solely by the differencein their uptake. (Received January 11, 1988; Accepted May 26, 1988) 相似文献
19.
The present work deals with the effect of IAA-kinetin, IAA-GA3and GA3-ABA interactions on growth and gametangial formationin Riccia gangetica in vitro. Inhibitory effect of high concentrationof IAA on vegetative growth is overcome by the co-addition ofkinetin. The best response in terms of fresh and dry weightyields of thalli is obtained by a combination of 105mol dm3 kinetin+ 107 mol dm3 IAA. Interactionof IAA and kinetin has an additive effect on archegonial formation.Co-addition of IAA and GA3 decreases production of archegoniaand antheridia as compared to those produced in response toIAA and GA3 alone, respectively. Combination of GA3 and ABAreduces vegetative growth, as well as the number of anthendiaand archegonia. Key words: Riccia gangetica, growth, growth regulators, gametangial formation 相似文献
20.
Effects of growth hormones on the hook angle and light responseof Phaseolus mungo L. hypocotyl hooks are described and theresults are discussed with reference to the functions of otherparts of the seedling in controlling the growth and shape ofthe hook. Apically applied IAA (indolyl acetic acid) prevented hook openingin decapitated seedlings in the dark and in all the red-irradiatedseedlings. [14C]IAA experiments showed that only a small quantityof IAA (26 ?g per hook) was required to produce theseeffects, and that transport of IAA through the hook was negligibleand unaffected by red irradiation. ABA (abscisic acid) had little effect on the hooks or theirlight response. Applied ethylene and IAA-induced ethylene slightly closed thehooks, but only slightly reduced light-induced opening. IAAreduced the effect of ethylene in the dark, but after irradiationthe hooks appeared more sensitive to the ethylene in the presenceof IAA, resulting in light-induced hook closure. Basally applied kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) prevented decapitatedhooks from opening in the dark, especially when GA3 (gibberellicacid) was also present. Some combinations of kinetin and GA3(with high kinetin concentrations) also prevented light-inducedopening, but combinations with lower kinetin concentrationsallowed almost as much opening as was found in intact hooks. It is proposed that the terminal parts act by regulating thesupply of cytokinins and gibberellins from the basal parts,and that IAA does not mediate this funotion in this species. The results are compared with those reported for other species. 相似文献