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1.
Polymorphic components of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. genome were examined by means of polymerase chain reaction with random primers (RAPD-PCR). Using four primers, genetic diversity estimates were obtained for 12 populations and seven strains of Russian common carp breeds, as well as for European Hungarian common carp and Amur wild common carp (N = 87). The highest number of polymorphic loci was revealed in Angelinskii common carp, as well as in the samples of Altai common carp and Amur wild common carp (P = 23.8?18.7%), while the lowest number (12.8%) of polymorphic loci was in the BB strain of Ropsha common carp. The index of genetic diversity, H, was high (11%) in Amur wild common carp, as well as in Altai and Angelinskii common carps. In the remaining breeds, the value of this index varied from 4 to 8%. Based on summarized RAPD profile (132 bands), a dendrogram of genetic differences was constructed. In this dendrogram, all breeds examined grouped into two clusters. One of the clusters was formed by Hungarian and Angelinskii common carps, and the three samples of Altai common carp. The second cluster was formed by the group consisting of the representatives of Cherepetskskii, Stavropol, and Ropsha common carps, along with the differing from them Amur wild common carp. The observed differentiation was confirmed by the analysis of the polymorphic markers variance by the method of principle components. Evolutionary history and the reasons for genetic differentiation of Russian common carp breeds are discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Using five microsatellite loci, genotyping and genetic diversity estimates were obtained for nine samples representing seven common carp breeds most widespread in Russia. For comparison, the samples of Amur wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and a sample of European Hungarian carp were used. In the samples examined (n = 148) a total of 78 alleles were revealed. The highest mean allele number per locus (7.3) was identified in Amur wild common carp, while the lowest number was found in Cherepets carps (4.0). In different breeds, the observed heterozygosities varied from 0.819 (Altai carp) to 0.651 (Cherepets scaly carp). Three out of five microsatellite loci (MFW-24, MFW-28, and MFW-19) revealed a high level of population differentiation. In the dendrogram of genetic differences, all breeds clustered into two groups. One of these groups was composed of the two strains of Ropsha carp, Stavropol carp, Amur wild common carp, and the two samples of Cherepets carp. The second cluster included Altai carp (Priobskii and Chumysh populations), two Angelinskii carp breeds (mirror and scaly), and Hungarian carp. The pairs of breeds/populations/strains, having common origin, were differentiated. Specifically, these were two populations of Altai carp, two strains of Ropsha carp, as well as the breeds of Angelinskii and Cherepets carps. The reasons for genetic differentiation of Russian common carp breeds, as well as the concordance of the evolutionary histories of these breeds, some of which originated from the European breeds, while the others contain substantial admixture of the Amur wild common carp, are discussed.  相似文献   

3.
Polymorphism of the mitochondrial cyt b gene was examined in 35 individuals of common carp and wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish examined represented two natural populations from Khabarovsk krai (Ac and Am), Volga wild common carp, Don wild common carp, and two common carp breeds, Ropsha (strains BB and MM) common carp and Hungarian common carp. The highest level of nucleotide (pi) and haplotype (h) diversity was detected in two strains of Ropsha common carp (MM, pi = 0.67%, h = 0.7; and BB, pi = 0.21%, h = 0.9) and in one population (Am) of Amur wild common carp (pi = 0.26%; h = 0.6). The second population of Amur wild common carp (Ac) and Hungarian common carp were characterized by lower variation estimates (pi = 0.035%, h = 0.4; and pi = 0.09%, h = 0.7, respectively). Genetic homogeneity was demonstrated for the populations of Volga and Don wild common carp (pi = 0, h = 0). In the sample of the cyt b sequences examined, three lineages were identified. Lineages I and II united all haplotypes of the Am Amur wild common carp along with two haplotypes of Ropsha common carp, strain MM. The third lineage (III) was formed by the haplotypes of three individuals of Ropsha common carp strain MM, all representatives of Ropsha common carp strain BB, Hungarian common carp, Ac Amur wild common carp, and Don and Volga wild common carps. Statistically significant amino acid differences were observed only for the sequences, corresponding to haplotypes of lineage III, and the sum of sequences of lineages I and II. Effectiveness of different types of markers to differentiate the two subspecies of European and Amur wild common carp (C. c. carpio and C. c. haematopterus) is discussed, as well as the issues of the origin and dispersal of Russian common carp and wild common carp breeds.  相似文献   

4.
Polymorphism of the mitochondrial cyt b gene was examined in 35 individuals of common carp and wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish examined represented two natural populations from Khabarovsk krai (Ac and Am), Volga wild common carp, Don wild common carp, and two common carp breeds, Ropsha (strains BB and MM) common carp and Hungarian common carp. The highest level of nucleotide (π) and haplotype (h) diversity was detected in two strains of Ropsha common carp (MM, π = 0.67%, h = 0.7; and BB, π = 0.21%, h = 0.9) and in one population (Am) of Amur wild common carp (π = 0.26%; h = 0.6). The second population of Amur wild common carp (Ac) and Hungarian common carp were characterized by lower variation estimates (π = 0.035%, h = 0.4; and π = 0.09%, h = 0.7, respectively). Genetic homogeneity was demonstrated for the populations of Volga and Don wild common carp (π = 0, h = 0). In the sample of the cyt b sequences examined, three lineages were identified. Lineages I and II united all haplotypes of the Am Amur wild common carp along with two haplotypes of Ropsha common carp, strain MM. The third lineage (III) was formed by the haplotypes of three individuals of Ropsha common carp strain MM, all representatives of Ropsha common carp strain BB, Hungarian common carp, Ac Amur wild common carp, and Don and Volga wild common carps. Statistically significant amino acid differences were observed only for the sequences, corresponding to haplotypes of lineage III, and the sum of sequences of lineages I and II. Effectiveness of different types of markers to differentiate the two subspecies of European and Amur wild common carp (C. c. carpio and C. c. haematopterus) is discussed, as well as the issues of the origin and dispersal of Russian common carp and wild common carp breeds.  相似文献   

5.
For the first time, we studied the polymorphism of three mitochondrial genes of the cytochrome oxidase complex (cox1, cox2, and cox3) in natural populations of wild carp living in the Volga, Amur, and Don River Basins, as well as in European Hungarian carp and two pedigree lines of Ropsha carp of domestic breeding. The highest level of nucleotide and haplotype diversity in the studied samples was detected for the cox1 gene (?? = 0.61, h = 100%). Two lines of the Ropsha carp (?? = 0.61, h = 100%) and the Far East population of Amur wild carp from Shershikh strait (Am: ?? = 0.20, h = 70%) were the most polymorphic for three genes. The second sample of Amur wild carp from the Amur River (Ac), as well as the samples of Volga and Don wild carp and Hungarian carp had lower values of variability. The presence of two main genealogical lines of the wild carp and carp was demonstrated based on the total sequence of three genes, as well as the corresponding amino acid sequences in the studied area. One of these lines (line I) is typical of the sample of Amur wild carp (Am) and three members of the Ropsha carp. Line II is developed by sequences of Volga, Don, and Amur wild carp (Ac), as well as European Hungarian carp and seven other members of the Ropsha carp. Three to four sublines, which differ in nucleotide and amino acid substitutions, were found within the lines. Possible reasons for the origin of genomic variability in wild carp, as well as in European and Russian breeds of carp, are discussed.  相似文献   

6.
Zhou J  Wu Q  Wang Z  Ye Y 《Genetika》2004,40(10):1389-1393
Five microsatellites were used to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of one wild and five domestic varieties of common carp in China (the Yangtze River wild common carp, Xingguo red carp, purse red carp, Qingtian carp, Russian scattered scaled mirror carp and Japanese decorative carp). All loci in this study showed marked polymorphism with the number of alleles from 4 to 13. Domestic varieties (except Xingguo red carp) showed less genetic diversity than the Yangtze River wild common carp in terms of allelic diversity. Population differentiation was assessed and each combination of populations displayed significant differentiation (p < 0.05) with the exception of that between the Yangtze River wild common carp and Xingguo red carp. Genetic distance analysis (Nei's standard genetic distance and pairwise F(st) distance) showed that the largest distance was between Russian scattered scaled mirror carp and the Yangtze River wild common carp and the smallest distance was between the Yangtze River wild common carp and Xingguo red carp. However, among six populations Japanese decorative carp displayed the highest level of variability in terms of heterozygosity.  相似文献   

7.
Five microsatellites were used to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of one wild and five domestic varieties of common carp in China (the Yangtze River wild common carp, Xingguo red carp, purse red carp, Qingtian carp, Russian scattered scaled mirror carp and Japanese decorative carp). All loci in this study showed marked polymorphism with the number of alleles ranging from 4 to 13. Domestic varieties (except Xingguo red carp) showed less genetic diversity than the Yangtze River wild common carp in terms of allelic diversity. Population differentiation was assessed and each combination of populations displayed significant differentiation (P < 0.05) with the exception of that between the Yangtze River wild common carp and Xingguo red carp. Genetic distance analysis (Nei's standard genetic distance and pairwise F st distance) showed that the largest distance was between Russian scattered scaled mirror carp and the Yangtze River wild common carp and the smallest distance was between the Yangtze River wild common carp and Xingguo red carp. However, among six populations Japanese decorative carp displayed the highest level of variability in terms of heterozygosity.  相似文献   

8.
The goal of this study was to determine the basic haematological profile of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spawners of eight breeds reared under identical conditions and sampled in spring after overwintering. Significant differences were found among the breeds for haemoglobin level (Hb), haematocrit value (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values. The number of red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), number of leukocytes (WBC) and leukocyte differential count (WBC DIFF) did not differ significantly among the respective breeds. The highest Hb, PCV and MCH values were found for Ropsha scaly carp (ROP) and Amur wild carp (AS) (Hb 109 ± 17 and 106 ± 15 g l?1; PCV 0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.40 ± 0.06 l l?1; MCH 69 ± 7 and 69 ± 9 pg, respectively). The AS specimens and breeds that originated [ROP, Ukraine scaly carp (US), and Northern mirror carp (M72)] showed significantly higher values of Hb (P < 0.01), PCV (P < 0.01), MCV (P < 0.05) and MCH (P < 0.05), compared to the other four breeds: Hungarian mirror carp (M2), Israeli mirror carp (Dor 70), South Bohemian mirror carp (BV) and Tata scaly carp (TAT). Males showed significantly higher PCV, Hb and RBC values within individual breeds. This study demonstrated that Amur wild carp and breeds originating from it had significantly higher values of erythrocyte profile in comparison with the other breeds studied.  相似文献   

9.
Genetic variation is a key component for improving a stock through selective breeding programs. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic variation in three wild population of the catla carp (Catla catla Hamilton 1822) in the Halda, Jamuna and Padma rivers and one hatchery population in Bangladesh. Five decamer random primers were used to amplify RAPD markers from 30 fish from each population. Thirty of the 55 scorable bands were polymorphic, indicating some degree of genetic variation in all the populations. The proportion of polymorphic loci and gene diversity values reflected a relatively higher level of genetic variation in the Halda population. Sixteen of the 30 polymorphic loci showed a significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) departure from homogeneity and the F(ST) values in the different populations indicated some degree of genetic differentiation in the population pairs. Estimated genetic distances between populations were directly correlated with geographical distances. The unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram showed two clusters, the Halda population forming one cluster and the other populations the second cluster. Genetic variation of C. catla is a useful trait for developing a good management strategy for maintaining genetic quality of the species.  相似文献   

10.
应用微卫星多态分析四个鲤鱼群体的遗传多样性   总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27  
选择12个斑马鱼功能基因的微卫星标记和12个鲤鱼微卫星标记,检测黑龙江鲤(Cyprinus carpiohaematopterusTemminck et Schlegel)、散鳞镜鲤(C.carpio)、荷包红鲤抗寒品系(C.carpiovar.wuyuanensis)、松浦鲤(C.carpioSongpu carp)的群体遗传多样性。共检测到3882个扩增片段,长度为126~489bp,在群体间扩增出1~5个等位基因不等,共计59个等位基因,平均等位基因2.46个。数据经PHYLIP V3.6软件估算和MEGA3软件作图,确立4个群体间的亲缘关系。并应用Bootstrap检验估计系统树中节点的自引导值,并进行了系统发生分析。结果表明①4个群体检测的有效等位基因数都在55个以上,平均观测杂合度为0.36~0.43,平均期望杂合度为0.49~0.53,平均多态信息含量为0.21~0.25,说明这几个群体多态性属于中度偏高水平,遗传多样性较高;②群体间相似系数都在0.84以上,遗传距离较近,为0.067~0.170,与前人研究结果一致。聚类分析显示,松浦鲤与散鳞镜鲤亲缘关系最近,荷包红鲤抗寒品系与它们的亲缘关系较黑龙江鲤更近;③在3个斑马鱼功能基因相关的微卫星位点上,黑龙江鲤缺失特异扩增条带,这可能与几种鱼类的育成史有关。  相似文献   

11.
新疆8个绵羊品种遗传多样性和系统发生关系的微卫星分析   总被引:62,自引:0,他引:62  
为分析新疆北疆地区主要绵羊品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系,利用10个微卫星标记,采用PCR扩增,12%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、Sanguinetti银染法显色,对新疆北疆地区8个品种、1个杂交一代绵羊群体遗传多样性进行了检测,统计了各群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E)和平均基因纯合率,利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离。利用分子进化遗传分析软件,采用邻结法构建系统发生树;同时根据等位基因频率,利用PHYLIP(3.6)分析软件,采用最大似然法构建系统发生树,应用白举检验估计系统树中结点的白引导值,并进行了系统发生分析。结果表明:10个微卫星位点在9个绵羊群体中的多态信息含量除BMI824、MAF65为低、中度多态外,其余8个微卫星均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于各绵羊品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析;所有绵羊群体的平均PIC(0.5631)、h(0.5721)和E(2.9)均低于国外其他品种的绵羊,其基因多态性和遗传多样性相对贫乏;新疆本地土种阿勒泰羊、哈萨克羊和巴什拜羊与国外引进绵羊品种及混有外血的本地培育品种遗传距离较远,他们聚为不同的两类,各绵羊品种的分子系统发生关系与其来源、育成史、分化及地理分布基本一致。  相似文献   

12.
运用RAPD技术对连续二代人工雌核发育鲢的遗传多样性及异源遗传物质的整入进行了分析 ,结果表明 :一代雌核发育鲢 ,个体间遗传相似度为 0 94 5— 0 995 6 ,多样性指数为 0 175 ;二代雌核发育鲢 ,个体间遗传相似度为0 96 15— 1 0 0 ,平均为 0 985 2 ,多样性指数为 0 0 6 2。研究揭示经过连续二代人工雌核发育后 ,其遗传多样性明显减少 ,种质进一步纯化。通过对雌核发育鲢二代、亲本鲢和雄鲤的RAPD扩增比较 ,发现雌核发育鲢含有少数与父本相同的特异DNA扩增带 ,而亲本鲢没有 ,在基因水平上表明雌核发育鲢整入了雄鲤的遗传物质  相似文献   

13.
Eight breeds of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spawners reared under identical conditions and sampled in spring after over‐wintering were examined in order to compare their basic biochemical blood profiles. The breeds compared were: Amur wild carp (AS), Ropsha scaly carp (ROP), Ukraine scaly carp (US), Northern mirror carp (M72), South Bohemian mirror carp (BV), Israeli mirror carp (Dor 70), Hungarian mirror carp (M2) and Tata scaly carp (TAT). Significant differences were found among breeds in glucose concentration (GLU), total protein concentration (TP), triacylglycerols concentration (TAG), and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) concentration. No differences were observed in aspartate transaminase activity (AST) or alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT). The highest glucose, total protein, and calcium (Ca) concentrations were found in AS (GLU 8.3 ± 1.2 mmol L?1, TP 32 ± 3 g L?1, Ca 2.42 ± 0.22 mmol L?1). High values of triacylglycerol concentration (TAG) were found in ROP (1.94 ± 0.52 mmol L?1). Phosphorus (Pi) concentration was highest in M2 (3.82 ± 1.34 mmol L?1). Amur wild carp and breeds originating therefrom (ROP, US, and M72) had significantly higher values of TP (P < 0.05), TAG (P < 0.05), and Ca (P < 0.01) and significantly lower values of Pi (P < 0.05) than did the other breeds. Scaly breeds had higher values of glucose (P < 0.01), TP (P < 0.01), ALT (P < 0.01), and Ca (P < 0.01) and significantly lower values of Pi (P < 0.01) than did mirror carp. Significant (P < 0.01) sex‐related differences were found in GLU, TAG and Ca concentrations.  相似文献   

14.
运用RAPD技术对黑颈长尾雉圈养种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。从50条随机引物中筛选出14条引物,对24个个体的基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,从检测出的119个位点中有98个多态位点,占总位点的82.35%,标记的分子量大小范围是0.2~3kb。24个个体间的遗传距离幅度0.1597~0.4874,平均是0.2810;用软件NTsys2.10e构建了24个个体相互关系的分支图,24个个体可分为3个类群。实验表明:黑颈长尾雉圈养种群的遗传多样性水平较高,圈养种群内遗传差异性较大。  相似文献   

15.
Genetic diversity among 26 Russian and European cultivars of the common hop (Humulus lupulusL.) was studied using the ISSR–PCR technique. Twenty-one primers used provided amplification of 183 DNA fragments, 106 of which (57.9%) were found to be polymorphic. The ISSR markers, specific for some cultivars were revealed. Based on the genetic distances, cluster analysis was performed and a dendrogram was constructed, on which most of the hop cultivars formed two clusters according to their origin. Advantages of the ISSR–PCR analysis in breeding studies for classification and identification of common hop cultivars are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Forty‐four microsatellite DNA markers were developed for silver carp, and used to investigate polymorphisms of 41 wild silver carps and seven wild bighead carps collected from Jingzhou fragment of Yangtze River. In silver carp, 40 markers were polymorphic. A total of 297 alleles were detected at 40 polymorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus varied from two to 16 with an average of 7.4 and the expected heterozygosities of each locus ranged from 0.07 to 0.91 with an average of 0.69. All markers amplified both silver carp and bighead carp DNAs.  相似文献   

17.
利用微卫星标记分析我国13个地方灰羽鹅品种的遗传多样性   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
我国地方鹅品种具有很多优良性状,但长期以来由于没有形成科学的选育制度和培育方法,品种的遗传多样性没有得到完整保存。为了深入了解我国地方鹅品种的遗传结构,使之得到更好的保护和利用,作者选用31个多态性较高的微卫星标记(其中19个是首次用磁珠富集法从AFLP片段中分离),检测了我国13个地方灰羽鹅(An-sercygnnoides)品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离(DA)。结果表明:13个地方灰羽鹅品种中,平均多态信息含量为0.323–0.398,平均杂合度为0.4985–0.6727,各品种的杂合度都较高,最高的是狮头鹅(0.6727),最低的是雁鹅(0.4985)。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析的结果显示,13个品种被聚为4类:丰城灰鹅、武冈铜鹅、兴国灰鹅、狮头鹅、乌棕鹅、阳江鹅、马冈鹅、钢鹅、雁鹅聚为第1类;伊犁鹅自聚为第2类;长乐鹅、右江鹅聚为第3类;永康灰鹅自聚为第4类。本研究为鹅遗传育种提供了参考资料。  相似文献   

18.
The amplified fragment length polymorphic(AFLP)technique was used to analyze the genome DNA polymorphism among 8 breeds of domestic ducks and 2 species of wild ducks.Nine of the 17 selected primers pairs gave reproducible polymorphic DNA amplification bands.The amplified bands ranged from 44 to 83 per primer pair.Of the 513 AFLP markers obtained.498 were polymorphic.The proportion of polymorphic loci was 97.1%.The genetic distance(D)and similarity coefficients(GS)were calculated based on the polymorphic data.Between domestic ducks D ranged from 0.331 to 0.589,while between domestic ducks and the wild ducks,it ranged from 0.298 to 0.520(vs.Anas Platyrhynchos)and from 0.316 to 0.522(vs.A.Poecilorhyncha),respectively.The variance analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups of data,which indicated that both mallard and spot-billed ducks made contributions to domestic duck evolution.A dendrogram was constructed according to the D value.  相似文献   

19.
利用ISSR和RAPD标记,对名邛台地野生油茶种质进行遗传多样性分析。从60条简单重复序列引物中筛选出16条引物,在65份样品中共扩增出213条带,其中多态位点为203个,多态位点百分率为95.31%;从30条寡居核苷酸引物中筛选出8条引物,共扩增出105条带,其中多态性位点94个,多态位点百分率为89.52%。结果表明:名邛台地野生油茶种质具有较丰富的遗传多样性,ISSR和RAPD标记可以应用于油茶种质遗传多样性分析。  相似文献   

20.
The method of polymerase chain reaction with a set of arbitrary primers (RAPD–PCR) was used to describe genetic variation and to estimate genetic diversity in East-European windhounds, Russian Borzoi and Russian Chortai. For comparison, windhounds of two West-European breeds (Whippet and Greyhound) and single dogs of other breed types (shepherd, terriers, mastiffs, and bird dogs) were examined. For all dog groups, their closest related species, the wolf Canis lupus, was used as an outgroup. Variation of RAPD markers was studied at several hierarchic levels: intra- and interfamily (for individual families of Russian Psovyi and Chortai windhounds), intra- and interbreed (for ten dog breeds), and interspecific (C. familiaris–C. lupus). In total, 57 dogs and 4 wolves were studied. Using RAPD–PCR with three primers, 93 DNA fragments with a length of 150–1500 bp were detected in several Windhound families with known filiation. These fragments were found to be inherited as dominant markers and to be applicable for estimation of genetic differences between parents and their offspring and for comparison of individuals and families with different level of inbreeding. A high level of intra- and interbreed diversity was found in Russian Borzoi and Russian Chortai. In these dogs, genetic similarity indices varied in a range of 72.2 to 93.4% (parents–offspring) and 68.0 to 94.5 (sibs). Based on the patterns of RAPD markers obtained using six primers, a dendrogram of genetic similarity between the wolf and different dog breeds was constructed, and indices of intragroup diversity were calculated. All studied breeds grouped into two clusters, windhounds (Borzoi-like dogs) and other dog breeds. Russian windhounds represent a very heterogeneous group, in which the Russian Borzoi is closer to Greyhound than the Russian Chortai. All studied wolves constituted a separate cluster. Significant differences were found between the wolf and dogs by the number of RAPD markers (92.8 and 86.1, respectively) and by the indices of genetic diversity (54.3 and 64.8%, respectively). The reason for the high intraspecific variation of dogs (including Russian windhounds) and the prospects of using the studied group of markers for genetic analysis and differentiation in C. familiaris are discussed.  相似文献   

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