副猪嗜血杆菌检测技术研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌是存在于健康猪上呼吸道的一种致病菌,也是格拉泽氏病的病原,近年来其发生与流行给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失,现已成为危害养猪业较严重的细菌性疾病之一.及时、准确地检测出该病以便采取相应的措施,是成功防制该病的关键.本文就从血清学、病原学、分子生物学等方面阐明了副猪嗜血杆菌的检测技术,从而为兽医临床诊断与治疗提供参考.     

副猪嗜血杆菌安徽株血清型、基因型及耐药性

【背景】副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusparasuis,HPS)是猪革拉瑟氏病(Gl?sser’sdisease)的病原体,由于长期使用抗生素产生的耐药性以及灭活疫苗缺乏交互免疫保护力,目前对该病无法形成有效防控。【目的】了解安徽地区副猪嗜血杆菌血清型、基因型及耐药性特征,为猪革拉瑟氏病的有效防控提供科学依据和技术支撑。【方法】针对2008–2017年安徽地区分离的44株HPS,利用PCR反应鉴定血清型,应用多位点序列分型(multilocus sequence typing,MLST)进行基因分型,通过微量稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(minimalinhibitoryconcentration,MIC)。【结果】44株HPS共检测出6种血清型(1、4、5、7、13、14),血清型4型和13型为优势血清型,各占40.91%;9种ST型(ST241、ST267、ST268、ST269、ST270、ST271、ST272、ST273和ST274)中ST267和ST268为优势基因型,各占40.91%;对庆大霉素、青霉素的敏感率分别为100%和93.2%,86.4%的分离株呈现多重耐药,耐药谱型有33种,其中以甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑-四环素构成比最大,为42.4%。【结论】安徽地区HPS流行血清型和基因型呈现多元化,具有较高的遗传异质性,多重耐药现象严重,血清型、ST型与耐药性之间无明显相关性。     

重叠PCR法构建副猪嗜血杆菌外源打靶基因

利用重叠PCR法构建了包含副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型hhdA基因上、下游同源臂(H-up、H-down)和卡那霉素抗性基因(Kan)的外源打靶基因Hup-kan-Hdown.通过对反应条件进行优化,发现退火温度为50.5℃,加入H-up、H-down和Kan各为5μL(450 ng)时得到Hup-kan-Hdown的量最多.将此外源打靶基因的两端引入Pst Ⅰ和SacⅠ酶切位点,克隆至具有迁移作用的自杀质粒pDS132,构建了可在大肠杆菌E.coli SM10-λpir中稳定遗传的打靶载体,为下一步建立副猪嗜血杆菌的高效基因打靶系统奠定基础.     

副猪嗜血杆菌蜂胶苗的制备及免疫效果试验

目的：以原场副猪嗜血杆菌为制苗菌株,制成自家细菌苗,预防本场猪格拉泽氏病。方法：用从河南济源一自繁自养大型养猪场发病猪分离到的副猪嗜血杆菌进行培养,经甲醛灭活,以蜂胶为佐剂,制成原场副猪嗜血杆菌灭活苗,含菌量为200亿/ml。母猪分别于产前30d和15d各注射4ml/头。仔猪出生后,分别在15、30日龄肌肉注射,1.5ml/头。结果：应用试验证明,该灭活苗保护率达98%。结论：该蜂胶苗安全、可靠,对猪格拉泽氏病有较好的预防作用。     

副猪嗜血杆菌aroA基因鉴定及遗传进化分析

[目的]细菌aroA基因参与芳香族氨基酸的生物合成,被成功应用于细菌分类和基因失活致弱突变菌株的构建.副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)是感染猪出现多发性浆膜炎和关节炎的一种病原细菌,鉴定该菌aroA全基因序列将有助于鉴定遗传进化关系和突变分析.[方法]利用PCR和细菌基因组步移技术鉴定Hps的aroA基因序列,进而对不同血清型菌株该基因序列进行鉴定,并与其它革兰氏阴性细菌进行比对和遗传进化分析.[结果]自Hps血清5型基因组DNA中获得包含完整aroA基因的3.7 kb基因片段,其中aroA基因全长1314 bp,编码产物长度437 aa,分子量大小47.9 kDa,该基因上游为磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因.自本试验选择的Hps不同血清型菌株中均可扩增出包含完整aroA基因的1476 bp片段,且这些不同血清型菌株间核酸序列同源性在97.7%以上.Hps血清5型aroA基因序列与巴氏杆菌科其它成员核酸序列同源性为70.6%-78.9%,与E.coli和S.typhi-murium的同源性分别为66.4%和67.2%.[结论]本试验首次对Hps的15个血清型国际参考菌株及地方分离株aroA全基因序列进行了鉴定,序列比较结果显示aroA基因在革兰氏阴性细菌中具有较高的同源性.aroA基因鉴定对构建基因失活突变菌株以研究Hps生物学特性奠定了基础.     

安徽PRSS发病猪副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

目的了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）发病猪继发感染副猪嗜血杆菌（HPS）的情况及分离菌株的药物感受性。方法应用细菌分离培养、形态学检查、生化试验和PCR技术,对2007年1月至2008年12月从安徽不同地区采集的146头份PRRS发病猪的病料进行HPS检测,并采用标准K-B纸片法对分离菌株进行14种抗菌药物敏感试验。结果分离鉴定出12株HPS,检出率为8.22%（12/146）;12株HPS对氯霉素100%敏感,环丙沙星为91.7%,阿莫西林和新霉素为83.3%,对罗红霉素100%耐药,阿米卡星为83.3%。结论安徽省不同地区PRRS感染猪群中均存在程度不同的HPS感染,各地区HPS分离株表现出形态上的变化特征和一致的生化特性,且有对临床常用抗菌药物耐药性增强的趋势。     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清4、13和14型TbpA对豚鼠的交互免疫保护性

【背景】副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusparasuis,HPS)是猪革拉瑟氏病(Gl?sser?sdisease)的病原体,目前在对该病的防控中,由于长期使用抗生素产生的耐药性以及灭活疫苗缺乏交互免疫保护力,亟待寻求新的方法来解决这一问题。【目的】探究不同血清型HPS转铁结合蛋白A (TbpA)对豚鼠的交互免疫保护性,为进一步用仔猪开展相关研究奠定基础。【方法】采用HPS血清型4、13和14型重组TbpA以0.1mg/只、经2次间隔期为20d的免疫后,检测豚鼠血清IgG抗体和细胞因子(IL-2、IL-5、IL-8、IFN-γ、MCP-1、TNF-α)水平;以HPS血清型4、13和14型菌株5 LD50剂量腹腔攻毒,检查病理组织学变化及其免疫保护率。【结果】HPS血清型4、13和14型重组TbpA均能诱导豚鼠产生较高水平的特异性抗体IgG,并使细胞因子显著升高。HPS血清型4、13和14型重组TbpA在免疫后均能对豚鼠产生交互免疫保护,其中HPS血清型13型TbpA免疫组的交互免疫保护率最高,对血清型4、14型HPS均为50.0%,对相同血清型HPS的免疫保护率也最高,达到83.3%,病理组织学检查显示与HPS血清型4、14型TbpA免疫组相比,13型TbpA免疫组的组织切片病理变化与攻毒对照组之间差异更明显。【结论】HPS血清型4、13和14型TbpA均能诱导豚鼠的体液免疫和相关细胞因子的分泌,产生交互免疫保护力,其中HPS血清型13型Tbp A的交互免疫保护力最强,可作为一种新的疫苗候选抗原。     

基于TbpA蛋白的副猪嗜血杆菌抗体间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测方法的建立及应用

[背景]副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusparasuis,HPS)是猪革拉瑟氏病(Glasser's Disease)的病原体,抗生素治疗和疫苗接种对于防控该病效果不明显,建立快速、准确的抗体检测方法尤为重要.[目的]利用表达纯化的HPS转铁结合蛋白A(TbpA)建立检测HPS抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA...     

致病性弧菌主要毒力相关因子的研究进展

弧菌(Vibrio)是一种革兰氏阴性短杆菌,其广泛分布于自然界,以水中最多.弧菌是引起人类、水生动物细菌性疾病的重要病原之一.弧菌的致病性与各个毒力基因的协同作用密切相关.弧菌的毒力因子主要可分为粘附素、内毒素、外毒素等.本文主要对致病性较强的毒力因子粘附素和外毒素进行阐述,以期为弧菌致病机理的研究及弧菌病的防治提供参考和借鉴.     

肺炎链球菌相关毒力因子及其作用的研究进展

肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumonia,S.pn)是导致黏膜疾病(如中耳炎、肺炎)和系统性疾病(包括败血症和脑膜炎)等严重疾病的主要病原体之一。肺炎链球菌毒力因子分为荚膜多糖、S.pn相关蛋白、细胞壁及细胞壁多糖三大类,其中荚膜多糖为最主要的毒力因子,也是疫苗中最有效的成分。毒力因子在S.pn入侵机体及引发疾病的过程中起着重要的作用。因此,毒力因子及作用的研究,不仅对预防和治疗肺炎链球菌的感染有着重要的意义,并为研发安全、有效的多糖疫苗提供一定的技术支持。现就肺炎链球菌毒力因子及其作用作一综述。     

A rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method of genotyping Haemophilus parasuis isolates

Aims: To develop a modified pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method for characterizing Haemophilus parasuis isolates. Methods and Results: A modified PFGE procedure was designed using CpoI to generate restriction maps of H. parasuis genomic DNA. This approach was used to characterize 47 H. parasuis clinical isolates and 15 reference strains. All strains could be typed by this method, and the procedure was completed in 36 h. A total of 39 different PFGE patterns were identified among 47 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates. Conclusions: The modified PGFE described in this report efficiently characterized H. parasuis isolates. This method can be adopted for studying the epidemiology of Glässer’s disease outbreaks in addition to differentiating and classifying previously untypeable H. parasuis isolates. Significance and Impact of the Study: The modified PFGE method described is a novel means of characterizing H. parasuis isolates. It is also a highly discriminatory molecular typing method (discriminatory index of 0·98) that can overcome the limitations of serotyping.     

Identification and characterization of the TonB region and its role in transferrin-mediated iron acquisition in Haemophilus parasuis

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Gl?sser's disease, which is responsible for considerable economic losses in the pig-rearing industry. The aim of the study reported here was the identification, sequencing and molecular characterization of the TonB region that includes tonB, exbBD, and tbpBA genes in H. parasuis. In addition, two fusion proteins were generated. One of them (pGEX-6P-1-GST-TbpB) contained the first 501 amino acids of H. parasuis TbpB protein, while the second (pBAD-Thio-TbpB-V5-His) included the first 102 amino acids of H. parasuis TbpB N-terminus domain. A panel of 14 hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies was raised against the two recombinant TbpB fusion proteins. Furthermore, to assess whether the expression of the H. parasuis ExbB, TbpB, and TbpA proteins was upregulated under conditions of restricted availability of iron, a rabbit polyclonal antibody against H. parasuis TbpB-His fusion protein was produced. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against serotype 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ExbB and TbpA proteins was also used for the detection of the homologous proteins in H. parasuis. Overall, the data indicate that H. parasuis, like other members of the Pasteurellaceae family, possesses the genetic elements of the TonB region for iron acquisition and the transferrin-binding proteins encoded under this region are upregulated under restricted iron availability.     

Identification of sulI allele of dihydropteroate synthase by representational difference analysis in Haemophilus parasuis serovar 2

AIMS: Identification of genes differentially present in Haemophilus parasuis serovar 2 by representational difference analysis (RDA). METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, cleaved with Sau3AI and ligated to oligonucleotide adapter pair. The optimal tester (H. parasuis serovar 2)/driver ratio (H. parasuis serovars 1, 3 and 5) for the hybridization was established and the mixture was hybridized, and amplified by PCR. The products were cloned and transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10 cells and checked for specificity by Southern blotting analysis. The RDA subtractive technique yielded six bands ranging from 1500 to 200 bp, which were cloned into pCR II-TOPO vector and 40 clones were analysed. A fragment of 369 bp was specific for H. parasuis serovar 2, and showed 99% homology to sulI gene encoding for dihydropteroate synthase (dhps). The dhps gene conferring sulfonamide resistance was detected in H. parasuis serovar 2 but was absent in serovars 1, 3, 5 and in most of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes (except serotype 7). CONCLUSION: sulI allele of dihydropteroate synthase has been identified in H. parasuis serovar 2 by RDA technique. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The RDA technique seems to be an useful method for the identification of genes that are differentially present in H. parasuis, a respiratory pathogen of veterinary interest.