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1.
The nature of the explant, seedling age, medium type, plant growth regulators, complex extracts (casein hydrolysate, coconut
milk, malt extract and yeast extract) and antioxidants (activated charcoal, ascorbic acid, citric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone)
markedly influenced in vitro propagation of Gymnema sylvestre. A maximum number of shoots (57.2) were induced from 30 day old seedling axillary node explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium containing 6-benzyladenine (1 mg l−1), kinetin (0.5 mg l−1), 1-napthalene acetic acid (0.1 mg l−1), malt extract (100 mg l−1) and citric acid (100 mg l−1). High frequency of rooting was obtained in axillary node explant derived shoots (50%) on half strength MS medium supplemented
with IBA (3 mg l−1). The plantlets, thus developed, were hardened and successfully established in natural soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Plant regeneration from protoplast culture of Crocus cancellatus was investigated using regenerable embryogenic calli obtained from shoot meristem culture on LS (Linsmaier and Skoog, 1965)
medium containing 4 mg l−1 kinetin and 1 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Protoplasts were isolated directly from embryogenic calli. The best protoplast growth
was found on those embedded in Ca-alginate beads and cultured with nurse cells in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented
with 2 mg l−1 kinetin, 1 mg l−1 2,4-D and 100 mg l−1 ascorbic acid at 25 °C in darkness. After 4–5 weeks of culture, microcalli appeared on the surface of the Ca-alginate beads,
but the protoplasts without immobilization in Ca-alginate beads showed very low cell division. Growth of the microcalli in
the medium with nurse cells was much better than in the medium without nurse cells. Transferring beads onto half strength
MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-D, increased the growth of embryogenic calli. Somatic embryo development was observed either on half strength MS medium
growth regulator free or with 1 mg l−1 abscisic acid. Matured embryos germinated on half strength MS medium containing 25 mg l−1 of gibberelic acid. Plantlet formation was obtained on half strength MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine and 1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid at 20 °C in a 16/8 h light/dark cycle.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
The mycelia of Aspergillus niger, cultivated in a medium containing 45 g l−1 maltose, 66 g l−1 yeast extract, and 5 g l−1 K2HPO4 at 30°C and 200 rpm, were used as a biocatalyst in the glucosylation of ascorbic acid. Free mycelia from 3-day-old culture,
when used in a 6-h reaction with maltose as the acyl donor, gave 16.07 g l−1 ascorbic acid glucoside corresponding to a volumetric productivity of 2.68 g l−1 h−1 and a conversion of 67%. Mycelia from 3-day-old cultures were entrapped in calcium alginate beads and used as a catalyst
in the glucosylation of ascorbic acid. An ascorbic acid-to-maltose molar ratio of 1:9 was found to be optimum, and the conversion
reached 75% after 12 h. The concentration of ascorbic acid glucoside produced at this molar ratio was 17.95 g l−1, and the productivity was 1.5 g l−1 h−1. The biocatalyst was repeatedly used in a fixed bed bioreactor for the synthesis of ascorbic acid glucoside and approximately
17 g l−1 of ascorbic acid glucoside corresponding to a volumetric productivity of 1.42 g l−1 h−1 was produced in each use. The conversion was retained at 70% in each use. The entrapped mycelia also exhibited exceptionally
high reusability and storage stability. The product was purified to 85% by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography
with a final yield of 75%. 相似文献
4.
Influence of external zinc and phosphorus supply on Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings with root surface iron plaque 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rice seedlings were grown in hydroponic culture to determine the effects of external Zn and P supply on plant uptake of Cd
in the presence or absence of iron plaque on the root surfaces. Iron plaque was induced by supplying 50 mg l−1 Fe2+ in the nutrient solution for 2 day. Then 43-day-old seedlings were exposed to 10 μmol l−1 Cd together with 10 μmol l−1 Zn or without Zn (Zn–Cd experiment), or to 10 μmol l−1 Cd with 1.0 mmol l−1 P or without P (P–Cd experiment) for another 2 day. The seedlings were then harvested and the concentrations of Fe, Zn, P
and Cd in dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB) extracts and in roots and shoots were determined. The dry weights of roots
and shoots of seedlings treated with 50 mg l−1 Fe were significantly lower than when no Fe was supplied. Adsorption of Cd, Zn and P on the iron plaque increased when Fe
was supplied but Cd concentrations in DCB extracts were unaffected by external Zn or P supply levels. Cd concentrations in
shoots and roots were lower when Fe was supplied. Zn additions decreased Cd concentrations in roots but increased Cd concentrations
in shoots, whereas P additions significantly increased shoot and root Cd concentrations and this effect diminished when Fe
was supplied. The percentage of Cd in DCB extracts was significantly lower than in roots or shoots, accounting for up to 1.8–3.8%
of the plant total Cd, while root and shoot Cd were within the ranges 57–76% and 21–40% respectively in the two experiments.
Thus, the main barrier to Cd uptake seemed to be the root tissue and the contribution of iron plaque on root surfaces to plant
Cd uptake was minor. The changes in plant Cd uptake were not due to Zn or P additions altering Cd adsorption on iron plaque,
but more likely because Zn or P interfered with Cd uptake by the roots and translocation to the shoots. 相似文献
5.
Two different morphogenetic pathways, adventitious bud and corm-like structure (CLS), were observed on organogenic calli derived
from the petioles of Amorphophallus albus in vitro. The organogenic calli was established via culture of petiole segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with 1.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and subculture of the petiole-derived calli on MS medium with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and 0.5 mg l−1 BA. These organogenic calli were used to induce morphogenesis via culture on MS medium with various concentrations of NAA
and BA. BA alone favoured adventitious bud differentiation (57.0 ± 8.3% at maximum) from the organogenic calli but inhibited
CLS formation. In the presence of NAA and BA, both adventitious bud and CLS were observed in a same culture system. The maximum
CLS formation (71.2 ± 9.3%) were found on MS medium with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA and 2.0 mg l−1 BA, associated with 26.7 ± 8.6% adventitious bud differentiation. A small part of the adventitious buds developed into normal
shoots which needed rooting culture phase to form complete plants. About 80% survival rate was obtained with these plants
after transplantation to soil. More than 90% of the CLSs produced complete plants with shoots and root systems, regardless
of the rooting media tested. Transplantation of the CLS-derived plants to soil gave 100% survival rate. Histological observations
revealed both the two morphogenetic events originated from the meristematic cells located in superficial layers of callus
tissue. 相似文献
6.
Iron nutrition affects cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Guosheng Shao Mingxue Chen Weixia Wang Renxiang Mou Guoping Zhang 《Plant Growth Regulation》2007,53(1):33-42
The effect of iron (Fe) nutrition on cadmium (Cd) toxicity and accumulation in rice plants was studied using a hydroponic
system. The inhibitory effect of Cd on plant growth and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was dependent on Fe level and the
genotype. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves and roots was not much affected by an increased Cd stress at 0.171 mg l−1 Fe, but it showed a rapid increase when the plants were exposed to moderate (1.89 mg l−1) and high (16.8 mg l−1) Fe levels. High Fe nutrition caused a marked reduction in Cd content in both leaves and roots. Fe content in plants was
lower at high Cd (5.0 μM) stress than at low Cd (<1.0 μM) stress. Cd stress increased both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
peroxidase (POD) activities at low and moderate Fe levels. However, with high Fe level, it increased the POD activity, but
reduced the SOD activity. Our results substantiate the hypothesis that cell membrane-bound iron transporter (carrier) involved
in high-affinity iron transport systems can also transport Cd, and both these ions may compete for this common carrier. The
study further showed that there were significant correlations between MDA and Fe contents in leaves and roots of rice plants.
It is suggested that the occurrence of oxidative stress in plants exposed to Cd stress is mediated by Fe nutrition. The present
results also show that Cd stress affects the uptake of Cu and Zn. 相似文献
7.
Summary The present study aimed to evaluate the response to salinity of Populus euphratica, which is more salt-resistant than other poplar cultivars, at the cellular level. To this purpose, callus was induced from
shoot segments of P. euphratica on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 (2.2 μM) 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg l−1 (2.7 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Callus was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l−1 (1.1 μM) BA and 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. The relative growth rate of callus reached a maximum in the presence of 50 mmol l−1 NaCl and growth was inhibited with increasing NaCl concentrations. Examination of the changes of osmotic substances under
salt stress showed that accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars increased with increasing salt
concentrations. The results indicate that the response of the callus of P. euphratica to salt stress is similar to that of the whole plant. 相似文献
8.
Mei-Chun Lu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,78(1):93-96
High frequency plant regeneration was induced from protocorm-derived callus cultured on half-strength of Murashige—Skoog medium
with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0–5 mg l−1) and 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 0–1 mg l−1) urea (TDZ) in the dark. Twelve totipotent callus lines were selected within 76 callus lines regenerated on half-strength
of Murashige—Skoog (MS) medium with 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ. The proliferation rate was 4–5-fold in fresh weight after 30 days of culture on half-strength MS medium containing 5
mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ in the dark. The maximum number of shoot buds generated by 0.01 g callus explant was 134 after 4 months of culture. These
calli were regenerated to plantlets via protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) after 75–150 days of culture. The shoots, with two true
leaves, were transferred to hormone-free medium, rooting and eventually formed plantlets. Totipotent callus lines of Pleione formosana Hayata have been successfully established in this study. 相似文献
9.
Martha E. Pedraza-Santos Ma. Cristina López-Peralta Víctor A. González- Hernández E. Mark Engleman-Clark Prometeo Sánchez-García 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,84(2):100169-100178
The common techniques for the in vitro production of Alstroemeria plants are based on rhizomes as explants, which have low multiplication rates and a high risk of carrying viral diseases.
To overcome these problems, we developed a protocol for the in vitro regeneration of Alstroemeria cv.‘Yellow King’, by testing for shoot induction several explant sources (leaf, stem apices, rhizomes and immature inflorescence
apices), temperature and light/dark regimes, hormone and salt concentrations. For shoot multiplication and rooting, several
hormone concentrations were tested. We found that only the young floral apices produced adventitious shoots by direct organogenesis.
The highest shoot induction rate (10.4 shoots per explant) was obtained by incubation in the dark for 15 days at 8 °C followed
by 15 days at 25 °C and a 16-h/8-h light/dark regime, on a Murashige and Skoog (1962) liquid medium at 50% of the salt concentration,
supplemented with 2.5 mg l−1 KIN, 1.5 mg l−1 BA and 1.0 mg l−1 NAA, using a piece filter paper to support the explant. The highest shoot multiplication rate (9 shoots per explant) was
obtained on a liquid MS medium at full strength supplemented only with BA at 1.0 mg l−1. In vitro rooting of shoots was induced also on a liquid MS medium, either with or without plant hormones. 相似文献
10.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of temporary submersion of hypocotyl segments in water on in vitro explant growth and shoot regeneration on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 0.02 mg l−1 NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) in three flax cultivars. It was observed that water-treated hypocotyl explants gave rise to
the highest values with respect to shoot regeneration percentage, shoot number per hypocotyl, shoot length and total shoot
number per Petri dish, successful rooting and plantlet establishment. This procedure may be applicable for other species cultured
in vitro. 相似文献
11.
Isaac Neibaur Maria Gallo Fredy Altpeter 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(6):480-486
Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a salt tolerant, fine textured turfgrass used on golf courses in coastal, tropical, and subtropical regions. A
callus induction and plant regeneration protocol for this commercially important turfgrass species has been developed. Induction
of highly regenerable callus with approximately 400 shoots per cultured immature inflorescence (1 cm in length) was achieved
by culturing 0.2 cm segments on media with 3 mg l−1 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 0.1 or 1.0 mg l−1 benzylaminopurine (BA). A multifactorial experiment demonstrated the combination of 3 mg l−1 dicamba and 1.0 mg l−1 BA for induction of callus resulted in 12 times higher plant regeneration frequency compared to 3 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone or ten times higher plant regeneration frequency than the combination of 3 mg
l−1 2,4-D and 1.0 mg l−1 BA. These results are expected to support the development of a genetic transformation protocol for seashore paspalum. 相似文献
12.
A micropropagation method for Quercus euboica Pap. was developed. Nodal explants from seedlings gave higher multiplication rates than explants from adult plants. Cultures
initiated at the beginning of May produced the highest percentage of shoot forming explants and multiplication rate. Woody
Plant Medium (WPM) salts, with 100 mg l−1 myoinositol, 1 mg l−1 thiamine, 0.5 mg l−1 pyridoxine, 0.5 mg l−1 nicotinic acid and 3% sucrose was used as basal medium and several cytokinins at various concentrations were evaluated for
their effect on shoot multiplication. The highest shoot multiplication rate was obtained with 4.44 μΜ BA. IBA at 9.84 μΜ in
the culture medium during the first week of culture, and if followed by culture in hormone-free medium, gave the best rooting
results. Darkness at the beginning of the rooting period did not improve rooting. The use of plastic wrap as a cover material
of the culture vessels enhanced rooting percentage and root number. Plantlets acclimatized ex vitro in soil from the natural
environment of the species survived at a higher percentage (up to 93%) and had more vigorous growth than plantlets grown in
a compost–perlite (2:1 v/v) medium (up to 36%). 相似文献
13.
Rapid propagation technology was established and optimized in vitro for Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis., an important botanical insecticide plant with a huge international market. A large number of buds could be
induced directly from epicotyl and hypocotyl explants on Murashige T; Skoog F. J. Plant. Physiol. 15: 473–479; (1962) medium
[Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium] supplemented with 0.3 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.3 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Root induction and development could be observed within 15 d after inoculation on 1/2 MS
medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 0.1 mg l−1 rooting powder (ABT). Furthermore, a polyploid breeding study in vitro was reported to obtain superior breeding lines with high yield and good quality. Autotetraploid lines of C. cinerariifolium were obtained by colchicine treatments and identified by root-tip chromosome determination and stoma observation. The chromosome
number of the autotetraploid plantlet was 2N = 4x = 36. Obtained autotetraploid lines will be of important genetic and breeding value and be used for further selection and
plant breeding. 相似文献
14.
N. R. Nayak P. K. Chand S. P. Rath S. N. Patnaik 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(3):185-188
Summary An efficient procedure is outlined forin vitro regeneration of an epiphytic orchid,Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. using rhizomes developed from seeds. Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium (MS) containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),
indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) stimulated growth and proliferation of rhizomes with NAA being
most effective at 5.0 mg.l−1 (27.0 μM). Shoot bud differentiation was induced in the apical portions of the rhizomes on MS medium containing kinetin (Kn) or N6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (91.5%) and the maximum number of shoot buds formed (3.5
shoots/rhizome) were recorded with BA at 1.0 mg.l−1 (4.4 μM). NAA (0.1 mg.l−1, 0.54 μM), whenever added to the medium in conjunction with BA (1.0 mg.l−1, 4.4 μM), slightly enhanced the frequency of shoot bud regeneration (92.6%) and the number of shoot buds formed (5.2 shoots/rhizome).
Moreover, an NAA-BA combination induced rooting in regenerated shoots thereby producing complete plantlets in one step. Shoots
developed on cytokinin-supplemented medium were rooted on MS containing NAA at 1.0 mg.l−1 (5.4 μM). Regenerated plantlets were acclimated and eventually established in a garden. 相似文献
15.
R. K. Sinha K. Majumdar S. Sinha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):370-373
Summary Petiolar and distal cotyledonary segments (PCS and DCS) of Albizia chinensis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS; 1962) medium and induced to form adventitious shoot buds in the presence of either
cytokinins 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), kinetin (KN) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Superiority of BAP in inducing shoot bud and differentiation
was observed. PCS was more morphogenic to shoot bud differentiation than DCS. TDZ was highly effective in inducing shoot buds,
but arrested shoot growth, while KN produced more callus during differentiation of shoots. Rapid and high rate of shoot multiplication
per explant was achieved through subculture in MS medium containing BAP (1.0 mg l−1) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg l−1). BAP at low concentration was required to enhance shoot multiplication and elongation. Successful rooting of regenerated
shoots was carried out in a two-step culture procedure in MS media with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (2.0 mg l−1) and subsequent subculture in IBA-free medium. 相似文献
16.
Wen Liu Xuesen Chen Guanjun Liu Qing Liang Tianming He Jianrong Feng 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,88(3):289-299
Embryo rescue technique was used successfully to produce interspecific hybrids by crossing peach (P. persica) as a female parent with apricot (P. armeniaca) and plum (P. salicica). In those crosses that had ‘Yuhualu’ or ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ as female parents, hybrid embryos aborted from the 7th or 8th
week after pollination mainly due to post-pollination incompatibility. An embryo rescue protocol was established to rescue
such embryos and recover hybrid plants. Modified half-strength MS medium containing 4 mg l−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg l−1 IBA produced up to 90% germination in the embryos. Modified MS medium with 1.0 mg l−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg l−1 IBA gave the highest bud induction and multiplication whereas modified MS medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 IAA and 0.2 mg l−1 NAA gave the best rooting percentage. All the hybrids obtained using this embryo rescue technique were verified using simple
sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A series of pollen treatments were carried out to partially overcome pre-pollination incompatibility,
and it was found accidentally that pollen treatment with electrostatic field not only improved pollen germination but also
increased the multiplication coefficient of embryo-induced shoots. 相似文献
17.
An efficient and simple method for high frequency plant regeneration from immature cotyledons of mungbean is described. Immature
cotyledons isolated from embryos, one week prior to harvest were cultured on MS medium with combinations of growth regulators
such as benzyladenine (1 or 2 mg l−1), thidiazuron (0.1 or 0.5 mg l−1), gibberellic acid (0.1 mg l−1) and indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 or 0.5 mg l−1). A large number of greenish shoot primordia were initiated from the entire surface of the cotyledons in some of the growth
regulators. Medium supplemented with benzyladenine (2 mg l−1) in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (0.5 mg l−1) produced the best response. On subculture to the same medium, well developed shoots were obtained. Addition of 0.5% activated
charcoal to the shoot initiation medium completely inhibited initiation of shoot primordia. The shoot buds could be rooted
on medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 indole butyric acid and plants transferred to soil.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Branka Vinterhalter Dijana Krstić Milošević Teodora Janković Jelena Milojević Dragan Vinterhalter 《Central European Journal of Biology》2012,7(4):690-697
Gentiana dinarica Beck, rare and endangered species of Balkan Dinaric alps, was in vitro propagated (micropropagated) from axillary buds of plants collected at Mt. Tara, Serbia. G. dinarica preferred MS to WPM medium, with optimal shoot multiplication on MS medium with 3% sucrose, 1.0 mg l−1 BA and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA. Rooting was not clearly separated from shoot multiplication since BA did not completely inhibit root initiation. Spontaneous
rooting on plant growth regulator-free medium occurred in some 30% of shoot explants. Rooting was stimulated mostly by decreased
mineral salt nutrition and a medium with 0.5 MS salts, 2% sucrose and 0.5–1.0 mg l−1 IBA was considered to be optimal for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimated and further cultured in peat-based
substrate. 相似文献
19.
Cell suspension cultures of Commiphora wightii, grown in modified MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg l−1) and kinetin (0.25 mg l−1), produced ∼5 μg guggulsterone g−1 dry wt. In a 2 l stirred tank bioreactor, the biomass was 5.5 g l−1 and total guggulsterone was 36 μg l−1. 相似文献
20.
B. Kozomara B. Vinterhalter Lj. Radojević D. Vinterhalter 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(2):142-147
A procedure for the micropropagation of Chimonanthus praecox (L) Link, wintersweet, has been developed using buds from adult trees excised in spring. Shoot cultures established on Murashige
and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BAP) and 0.1 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were difficult to maintain in vitro through extended periods of time due to browning of the medium, shoot and leaf necrosis, and hyperhydricity. A treatment
combining the use of 0.1% w/v activated charcoal and addition of a double phase agar-solidified/liquid medium improved propagation, enabling a successful
in vitro propagation scheme to be developed. Optimal shoot multiplication occurred on medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 BAP, and rooting on medium with 2.0 mg l−1 IBA for 7 d, followed by transfer to hormone-free medium. Rooted plantlets were easily acclimated in a glasshouse and replanted
and cultured outdoors. 相似文献