蔗糖脂肪酸酯对高压静电场与过氧化氢酶作用的影响

研究了蔗糖脂肪酸酯对高压静电场与过氧化氢酶作用的影响 ,结果表明 :在强度为 3× 10 3 v cm的电场作用下 ,蔗糖脂肪酸酯在 3.2mmol L的高浓度以上 ,可以保护过氧化氢酶不受高压静电场的影响。这可能是蔗糖脂肪酸酯使得溶液介电常数增大 ,使得作用在过氧化氢酶分子上的电场强度减小所致 ;在 1.4～ 1.6mmol L的浓度区间中 ,高压静电场使得过氧化氢酶的活力先增加后下降 ;在 0 .4～ 0 .7mmol L时 ,高压静电场使得过氧化氢酶的活力单调下降 ;在0 .0 0 8～ 0 .2 8mmol L的浓度范围内 ,高压静电场使过氧化氢酶的活力先下降后上升 ,可能使酶达到了一种新稳定态。蔗糖脂肪酸酯使得高压静电场对过氧化氢酶的作用变快 ,2～ 4min酶活力开始发生变化 ,而对照需要 2 0min以上。     

固定化蔗糖酶水解蜂蜜蔗糖的研究

用复合破壁方法从酵母提取蔗糖酶,用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋、戊二醛交联方法制备固定化蔗糖酶,并在40℃下进行脱水处理。对自然酶和固定化酶的酶学性质进行了系统研究。自然酶和固定化酶的最适底物浓度为10％,最适反应时间是120分钟,最适pH是4.0,最适反应温度自然酶是50℃,固定化酶60℃。果糖对自然酶和固定化酶有很强的抑制作用,在果糖和葡萄糖并存情况下抑制作用降低。用固定化蔗糖酶反复水解蜂蜜蔗糖40批,蜂蜜中蔗糖含量由10％下降为5％以下,固定化蔗糖酶仍保持75％水解酶活力。     

蔗糖酶在尼龙丝上的固定化及酶管性能研究

利用盐酸水解法处理尼龙丝表面,采用戊二醛交联法将蔗糖酶固定在尼龙丝上,制成酶丝,进而制成酶管.该酶管可用于蔗糖的测定,蔗糖通过酶管分解成葡萄糖,再用葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)电极测糖.酶管的最适 pH 为5—6,最适温度范围:30—40℃.溶液的流速对酶管的转化效率有显著影响.流速为1.3ml/min 时,蔗糖浓度在0—5mmol/L 范围内,酶管的转化效率基本恒定,约为28.5%.用同一浓度的蔗糖溶液重复实验,酶管的重复性很好,CV＜1%。酶管活力至少稳定8d(天)以上.     

蔗糖酶和葡萄糖氧化酶的共固化

＃ 本文研究了用吸附交联技术共固定化蔗糖酶和葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)的方法,考查了共固定化酶的动力学性质。试验结果表明:与溶液酶相比较,固定化蔗糖酶和GOD的响应滞迟期分别为3分钟和2分钟,稳态响应时间增加了6分钟和4分钟,Km值增大,pH—活力曲线变宽,最适pH值分别增大0.7和0.64,最适温度则降低7.3℃和16℃。 以活性氧化铝作载体,戊二醛作交联剂制备的共固定化蔗糖酶和GOD,其蛋白质固定化率为62.9％,分解葡萄糖的总速度为441.6IU,当蔗糖浓度为0.2％,以内时其反应速度与蔗糖的浓度呈正相关(r=0.996),使用半衰期1623次,在4℃下保存120天活力残存为83.7％。     

蔗糖酶和GOD的共固定化研究

本文研究了用吸附交联技术共固定化蔗糖酶和葡萄糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）的方法,考查了共固定化酶的动力学性质。试验结果表明：与溶液酶相比较,固定化蔗糖酶和ＧＯＤ的响应滞迟期分别为３分钟和２分钟,４态响应时间增加６分钟和４分钟,Ｋｍ值增大,ｐＨ─活力曲线变宽,最适ｐＨ值分别增大０．７和０．６４,最适温度则降低７．３℃和１６℃。以活性氧化铝作载体,戊二醛作交联剂制备的共固定化蔗糖酶和ＧＯＤ,其蛋白质固定化率为９２．９％,分解葡萄糖的总速度为４４１．６ＩＵ,当蔗糖浓度在０．２％以内时其反应速度与蔗糖浓度呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９９６）,使用半衰期１６２３次,在４℃下保存１２０天活力残存为８３．７％。     

植物中蔗糖酶的生理功能研究

蔗糖分解为葡萄糖和果糖等六碳糖是在蔗糖酶的催化下进行的,催化产物为植物的生长、发育提供碳源和能源。蔗糖酶还参与细胞的生长发育、信号传导、及对各种胁迫的响应等方面。     

伊贝母组织培养形态发生过程中几种糖类含量及淀粉酶和蔗糖酶活力动态研究

培养5天,伊贝母鳞茎外植体内淀粉含量明显增加,淀粉酶活力降低,随着细胞脱分化,组织内淀粉含量降低,淀粉酶活力增高;低温培养阶段,淀粉大量积累,淀粉酶活力降低;芽原基形成时期,淀粉含量急剧下降,淀粉酶活力增高;再生植株形成时,淀粉含量及淀粉酶活力趋于稳定。培养初期及低温培养期间,当淀粉大量积累时,蔗糖酶活力增高,蔗糖被分解利用;培养15—25天,蔗糖含量升高,蔗糖酶活力降低;芽原基形成时,蔗糖含量下降,蔗糖酶活力增高;根原基形成时,果糖含量急剧下降。在整个组织培养过程中,β—淀粉酶活力始终高于a—淀粉酶,而且变化幅度大。     

Activities of Sucrose Synthase and Acid Invertase in Pea Seedling Organs

The organ topography of sucrose synthase and soluble acid invertase in pea seedlings at heterotrophic stage (3–14 days) was studied. Sucrose synthase was most active in the roots, with the highest activity on the 6–8th days. In the leaves, its activity decreased from day 3 to day 14. In the stems, sucrose synthase activity was at an invariantly low level. The patterns of sucrose synthase activity in etiolated and green plants were similar. As distinct from sucrose synthase, invertase activity was the highest in the stem, especially in etiolated plants. The peak of its activity was observed on the 6-8th days. In the leaves, invertase activity was lower but its pattern was the same. In the roots, acid invertase activity decreased from the 3rd day and did not depend on illumination. The conclusion is that differences in sucrose synthase and acid invertase activities in roots, leaves, and stem are determined by differences in the import of hydrolytic products of stored compound from the cotyledons as well as by different demands of these organs for these products for the processes of organ expansion and for the maintenance of organ metabolism.     

Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase,Sucrose Synthase,and Invertase in Sugar Beet Leaves

The activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves was shown to exceed considerably the synthesizing activity of sucrose synthase (SS). The rise in SPS activity was related to the daylight period; i.e., it was associated with the rate of photosynthesis. The highest SPS activity was characteristic of fully expanded source leaves. In young developing leaves (leaves expanded to less than half of their final size), which represent the sink organs, the SPS activity was 2.5 times lower. At all stages of leaf development, the synthesizing SS activity was rather low. The diurnal change of SS activity was independent of photosynthesis and showed a slight rise from 6:00–8:00 p.m. Under field conditions, the highest SPS activity was found in leaves in the terminal stage of their development (105-day-old plants); the synthesizing activity of SS showed little changes during this period. The activity of soluble acid invertase was characteristic of young leaves. In mature leaves, the activity of this enzyme correlated with the daylight period. These changes occurred on the background of low sucrose content in leaves. The regulation of SPS, SS, and invertase activity is discussed. It is supposed that compartmentation of these enzymes in the photosynthesizing cell is important for transport, metabolism, and the osmotic function of sucrose in leaves.     

Synthesis and Immunomodulating Activity of New Amino Acid Derivatives of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Its Methyl Ester

New amino acid derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid and its methyl ester were selectively synthesized using active N-succinimide esters. The compounds with residues of glycine ethyl ester and alanine methyl and butyl esters increased the level of agglutinins and hemolysins in blood serum of mice two- to threefold in comparison with the control upon parenteral administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg for 14 days.     

Activation of Soluble Acid Invertase Accompanies the Cytokinin-Induced Source–Sink Leaf Transition

Activation of soluble acid invertase by cytokinin was shown using as a model a detached sugar-beet leaf, one half (sink) of which was treated with benzyladenine and the other half (source) of which was sprayed with water. Acid invertase was assumed to mediate the hormone-induced sink properties of the cells. The influx of ¹⁴C-sucrose to the leaf half treated with benzyladenine was induced to much greater extent than that of potassium (⁸⁶Rb). This suggests different pathways or mechanisms of translocation of these substances to the induced sink.     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Fatty Acid Derivatives of Quinine

Derivatives of quinine with fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids were prepared. They showed moderate antimalarial activity as compared with quinine itself using Plasmodium falciparum. The activities were not dependent on whether the fatty acyl group was saturated or unsaturated. On the other hand, the derivatives showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against a mammary tumor cell line FM3A than quinine itself. Calculating from these data, an acetyl derivative of quinine with the shortest acyl group was found to give the highest selectivity.     

Sucrose Utilization via Invertase and Sucrose Synthase with Respect to Accumulation of Cellulose and Callose Synthesis in Wheat Roots under Oxygen Deficiency

The sucrose cleavage by sucrose synthase (SuSy) and neutral invertase was studied in wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.) subjected to hypoxia or anoxia for 4 days. By in situ activity staining, increased SuSy activity was observed in the tip region and stele of root axes while the activity of invertase decreased. Cellulose content significantly increased in hypoxically treated roots. The cellulose deposition was correlated with regions of high SuSy activity, being mainly located in the pericycle and endodermis. Invertase activity was distributed along the root without clear difference between cortex and stele. Under root hypoxia, a significant increase in the structural carbohydrates, callose and especially cellulose, was shown. Increasing levels of soluble carbohydrates were partially used to synthesize cellulose for secondary wall thickening and callose to counteract the tissue injury following low-oxygen stress. Under strict anoxia, the roots were much more injured but sustained a high level of cellulose and callose while the soluble carbohydrates almost disappeared.     

Maturation of Fermented Rice-koji Miso Can Be Monitored by an Increase in Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester

A mixture of steamed soybean and boiled rice with seeded Aspergillus oryzae was naturally fermented without addition of yeasts or Lactobacilli, and kept matured for 12 months at room temperature. Chemical analysis of this rice-koji miso sample for lipid changes during maturation showed that triacylglycerol was gradually decomposed into free fatty acid, with distinct formation of fatty acid ethyl ester which, six months after the start of fermentation, came to account for 35.0% of total lipid. The ester was constituted primarily with linoleic acid (ca. 50%) and oleic acid (ca. 20%), no appreciable change in this proportion being observed during maturation. Also, the proportion was unique in that this did not reflect the fatty acid composition in a mixture of the two materials. It is possible to monitor the maturation of the rice-koji miso by following up the increase with time in fatty acid ethyl ester.     

Activity, but not Expression, of Soluble and Cell Wall-Bound Acid Invertases Is Induced by Abscisic Acid in Developing Apple Fruit

The present experiment, involving both the in vivo injection of abscislc acid （ABA） Into apple （Malus domestica Brohk.） fruits and the in vivo Incubation of fruit tissues in ABA-contalnlng medium, revealed that ABA activates both soluble and cell wall-bound acid invertases. Immunoblottlng and enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays showed that this ABA-induced acid invertase activation is Independent of the amount of enzyme present. The acid Invertase activation induced by ABA is dependent on medium pH, time course, ABA dose, living tissue and developmental stage. Two isomers of cls-（＋）-ABA, （-）-ABA and trans- ABA, had no effect on acid invertases, showing that ABA-induced acid invertase activation is specific to physiologically active cis-（＋）ABA. Protein kinase inhlbltors K252a and H7 as well as acid phosphatase Increased the ABA-Induced effects. These data indicate that ABA specifically activates both soluble and cell wall-bound acid Invertases by a posttranslational mechanism probably Involving reversible protein phosphorylatlon, and this may be one of the mechanisms by which ABA Is Involved In regulating fruit development.     

Sucrose accumulation and enzyme activities in callus culture of sugarcane

The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUSY), neutral invertase (NI) and soluble acid invertase (SAI) were measured in callus cultures of four Mexican sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) with a different capacity to accumulate sucrose in stem parenchyma cells. The results indicated that sucrose accumulation in callus was positively correlated to the activity of SPS and SUSY and negatively to the activity of SAI and NI while SPS explained most of the variation found for sucrose accumulation and NI least.The research was funded by the department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering CINVESTAV Mexico City, and F. G.-M. received grant-aided support from CONACyT, Mexico.     

硼酸和蔗糖对‘柔毛齿叶’睡莲花粉萌发的影响

以‘柔毛齿叶’睡莲（Nymphaea tetragona）花粉为试验材料,采用花粉人工培养法研究花粉离体萌发的最适条件。结果表明：蔗糖、硼酸在一定浓度范围内能促进花粉萌发,睡莲花粉萌发的最适蔗糖和硼酸浓度分别为60mg／L和15mg／L,萌发率分别达30．83％和23．73％。