Primary segregative cell division in Struvea okamurae (Photos by A. Hasebe). The same apical portion of a cylindrical cell was photographed in order from left to right 72 min, 109 min, 126 min, 136 min, 148 min, 294 min, and 492 min after the light period had begun. See Okuda et al. See pages 219–229. Cover picture from: Article link here
Morphological features of Monorhizochytrium globosum NBRC 112723 in seawater/seaweed culture. A single ectoplasmic net penetrated into Pyropia sp. (top left). Continuous observations of zoospore formation (from top center to right bottom); after cleavage of the multinucleate protoplasm of the zoosporangium, each uninucleate cell developed into a zoospore. See Doi and Honda in pages 188–201. Cover picture from: Article link here
Transformation of Ulva partita (Photos by R. Suzuki). Mitochondria in the 2‐cell phase are visualized using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Left: Chlorophyll autofluorescence (red). Middle: GFP fluorescence (green). Right: Merged image of GFP and chlorophyll fluorescence. See Suzuki et al. See pages 176–184. Cover picture from: Article link here
Main flower‐visitng insects of Bidens fronds. Photographed by Bing Zhou in Jían City, Jiangxi Province, China. Cover picture from: Reproductive biological characteristics potentially contributed to invasiveness in an alien invasive plant Bidens frondosa, Yan XH et al. See pages 107–116. Article link here .
Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell. A kelp bed dominated by the alga in Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, northeastern Japan (December 26, 2014). Endo et al. in this issue investigated combined effects of abiotic factors on juvenile sporophytes of this kelp (Photo by H. Endo). Cover picture from: Article link here
The paper presents problems and solutions related to hyperspectral image pre‐processing. New methods of preliminary image analysis are proposed. The paper shows problems occurring in Matlab when trying to analyse this type of images. Moreover, new methods are discussed which provide the source code in Matlab that can be used in practice without any licensing restrictions.
The proposed application and sample result of hyperspectral image analysis. 相似文献
A carageenophyte, Eucheuma denticulatum (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) at a mariculture farm in Bali, Indonesia (Photo by R. Terada). Characteristic thermal and irradiance responses on the photosynthesis of Indonesian E. denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii are reported by Borlongan et al. in this issue. Cover picture from: Article link here
Biofilms are ubiquitous and impact the environment, human health, dental hygiene, and a wide range of industrial processes. Biofilms are difficult to characterize when fully hydrated, especially in a non‐destructive manner, because of their soft structure and water‐like bulk properties. Herein a method of measuring and monitoring the thickness and topology of live biofilms of using white light interferometry is described. Using this technique, surface morphology, surface roughness, and biofilm thickness were measured over time without while the biofilm continued to grow. The thickness and surface topology of a P. putida biofilm were monitored growing from initial colonization to a mature biofilm. Measured thickness followed expected trends for bacterial growth. Surface roughness also increased over time and was a leading indicator of biofilm growth.
In vivo microscopy has recently become a gold standard in lung immunology studies involving small animals, largely benefiting from the democratization of multiphoton microscopy allowing for deep tissue imaging. This technology represents currently our only way of exploring the lungs and inferring what happens in human respiratory medicine. The interest of lung in vivo microscopy essentially relies upon its relevance as a study model, fulfilling physiological requirements in comparison with in vitro and ex vivo experiments. However, strategies developed in order to overcome movements of the thorax caused by breathing and heartbeats remain the chief drawback of the technique and a major source of invasiveness. In this context, minimizing invasiveness is an unavoidable prerequisite for any improvement of lung in vivo microscopy. This review puts into perspective the main techniques enabling lung in vivo microscopy, providing pros and cons regarding invasiveness.
A fibre optic motion sensor has been developed for monitoring the proximity and direction of motion of a ferrous bead travelling axial to the sensor. By integrating an array of these sensors into our previously developed fibre optic manometry catheters we demonstrate simultaneous detection of peristaltic muscular activity and the associated motion of ferrous beads through a colonic lumen. This allows the motion of solid content to be temporally and spatially related to pressure variations generated by peristaltic contractions without resorting to videoflouroscopy to track the motion of a radio opaque bolus. The composite catheter has been tested in an in‐vitro animal preparation consisting of excised sections of rabbit colon.
Cut‐away image of the fibre optic motion sensor showing the location of the fibre Bragg gratings and the rare earth magnet. 相似文献
Cover Image Melocactus sergipensis N.P. Taylor & M.V. Meiado (Cactaceae) at the holotype locality with limestone substrate in an area of Caatinga, Simão Dias municipality, Sergipe, Brazil. Photo taken by Marcos V. Meiado.
Actin cytoskeleton organization in cells of planktonic armored dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum after treatment with the actin‐depolymerizing agent latrunculin B (1st and 3rd columns) and without it (2nd and 4th columns). Distribution of F‐actin was detected by staining with TRITC‐phalloidin, distribution of G‐actin ‐ by fluorescent deoxyribonuclease I. The well‐stained F‐actin cortical layer was observed in native cells; it disappeared and actin collapsed in treated cells. A clear staining of the cytoplasm and nucleus, with very intensely stained nucleolus, was observed both in cells incubated with latrunculin B and in untreated cells. See Berdieva et al. in this issue. The link to the article here
Multicolor multiphoton microscopy is experimentally demonstrated for the first time on a spectral bandwidth of excitation of 300 nm (full width half maximum) thanks to the implementation a nanosecond supercontinuum (SC) source compact and simple with a low repetition rate. The interest of such a wide spectral bandwidth, never demonstrated until now, is highlighted in vivo: images of glioma tumor cells stably expressing eGFP grafted on the brain of a mouse and its blood vessels network labelled with Texas Red® are obtained. These two fluorophores have a spectral bandwidth covering the whole 300 nm available. In parallel, a similar image quality is obtained on a sample of mouse muscle in vitro when excited with this nanosecond SC source or with a classical high rate, femtosecond and quasi monochromatic laser. This opens the way for (i) a simple and very complete biological characterization never performed to date with multiphoton processes, (ii) multiple means of contrast in nonlinear imaging allowed by the use of numerous fluorophores and (iii) other multiphoton processes like three‐photon ones.
Raman spectroscopy has becoming a practical tool for rapid in vivo tissue diagnosis. This paper provides an overview on the latest development of real‐time in vivo Raman systems for cancer detection. Instrumentation, data handling, as well as oncology applications of Raman techniques were covered. Optic fiber probes designs for Raman spectroscopy were discussed. Spectral data pre‐processing, feature extraction, and classification between normal/benign and malignant tissues were surveyed. Applications of Raman techniques for clinical diagnosis for different types of cancers, including skin cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and breast cancer, were summarized.
Schematic of a real‐time Raman spectrometer for skin cancer detection. Without correction, the image captured on CCD camera for a straight entrance slit has a curvature. By arranging the optic fiber array in reverse orientation, the curvature could be effectively corrected. 相似文献
Rather than simply acting as a photographic camera capturing two‐dimensional (x, y) intensity images or a spectrometer acquiring spectra (λ), a hyperspectral imager measures entire three‐dimensional (x, y, λ) datacubes for multivariate analysis, providing structural, molecular, and functional information about biological cells or tissue with unprecedented detail. Such data also gives clinical insights for disease diagnosis and treatment. We summarize the principles underpinning this technology, highlight its practical implementation, and discuss its recent applications at microscopic to macroscopic scales.
Datacube acquisition strategies in hyperspectral imaging x, y, spatial coordinates; λ, wavelength. 相似文献
Here we demonstrated the potential and applicability of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to detect four commonly found bacteria in the infectious diseases. Besides the different spectral characteristics between bacterial species, THz absorption differences for living bacteria, dead bacteria and bacterial powder of the same species were also investigated. Our results revealed that small differences in water contents between bacterial cells account for distinct discrepancies of the absorption coefficients, which can be used for bacterial species identification. Furthermore, living and dead bacteria showed different absorption coefficients as a result of their different hydration levels, suggesting that THz spectroscopy can be used to rapidly assess the living state of bacteria under test. Our results clearly demonstrated the ability of THz spectroscopy for time‐saving and label‐free detection of bacteria with minimal sample preparation, potentially to be utilized for point‐of‐care tests in the near future.
Schematic representation of bacterial detection by THz spectroscopy. Different bacteria have distinctive absorption coefficients as a result of their different water contents. 相似文献
Cover Image Top left: Natural hybrids of Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis var. jezoensis) and Sakhalin spruce (Picea glehnii) occur at low frequencies in this forest around bog in The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Furano, Hokkaido. Top right: Current‐year shoot of Yezo spruce (left), Sakhalin spruce (right), and their natural hybrid (center). Bottom left: A branch with ripe cones of Sakhalin spruce in Ochiishi, Nemuro, Hokkaido. Bottom right: A branch with ripe cones of Yezo spruce in the Uryu Experimental Forest, Hokkaido University, Horokanai, Hokkaido. All photos taken by Mineaki Aizawa.
The objective of this study was to build and test an adjunct system to a colonoscope for in vivo measurement of Raman spectra from colon tissue for potentially improving the detection of early cancers. The novelty of this system was that low cost fibre optic probes were used, without the addition of expensive optical filters. Good quality in vivo Raman spectra were successfully obtained with a 1 s integration time in the high frequency (HF) range from normal tissue and polyps of patients during a colonoscopy. The polyps were subsequently removed, and their pathology determined. The acquired in vivo Raman spectra showed clear changes between tissue with normal and tubular adenoma pathology. Further clinical study with this low cost HF Raman probe is warranted to fully test its clinical utility.
Left: Raman probe orientated on a suspected polyp (indicated by arrow) under video surveillance during a colonoscopy. Right: average Raman spectra from 2800–3050 cm–1 obtained from polyps at different stages of disease. The peak intensities are in arbitrary units. 相似文献
Cover Image Left: Flowering individuals of Gastrodia elata. Right: Individual flowers of Gastroidia elate. Photographed by Naoto Sugiura. Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan
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