乳酸菌食品级nisin控制的基因表达系统NICE

乳酸菌安全应用于人们的生产和生活已有上千年的历史,是一种食品级的微生物。在过去二十年里,其生理及遗传学特性已被彻底研究。由于其遗传可行且操作简单,乳酸菌除了其传统应用外已被广泛用于表达异源基因,在食品、农业及医药工程领域具有重要的应用前景。人们已开发了一系列乳酸菌食品级基因表达系统。本文主要介绍了乳酸菌,重点是其模式菌Lactococcus lactis最常见的食品级诱导表达系统--nisin控制的基因表达系统NIC E及其食品级诱导物nisin、食品级的宿主及表达载体系统,以及NICE系统在表达异源基因方面的应用。     

食品级高效诱导表达系统-NICE系统

乳酸菌NICE系统是在乳链菌肽诱导下由nisA启动子控制目的基因表达的,含nisR和nisK的两组分调节系统的高效诱导表达系统。由于NICE系统的诱导剂、宿主菌和载体都是食品级的,其应用前景十分广阔。     

小肠三叶因子在乳酸菌中的表达

实验目的是在乳酸菌中表达小肠三叶因子(ITF) ,并建立兔子胃溃疡模型,口服观察ITF对胃黏膜损伤的再生作用。在实验中利用了分子克隆技术构建携带ITF基因的重组原核表达质粒 pNICE:sec ITF,将重组质粒转化乳酸菌 NZ9000株 ,筛选鉴定阳性菌落,用nisin诱导表达,表达ITF蛋白通过Tricine SDS-PAGE和 Western blot进行鉴定。将重约2㎏的新西兰成年兔分为对照组,预防组,治疗组,用盐酸诱导胃溃疡模型,预防组在模型建立前用携带 pNICE:sec-ITF的乳酸菌灌胃,对照组,治疗组,在溃疡模型建立后,分别用 PBS、携带pNICE:sec-ITF的乳酸菌灌胃。通过溃疡级别及损伤指数的确定携带 pNICE:sec-ITF的乳酸菌灌胃后对胃黏膜损伤再生的作用。实验成功扩增ITF基因并构建了重组原核表达质粒 pNICE:sec-ITF,转化乳酸菌 NZ9000后经 nisin诱导可表达 Mr约 6.0kDa的重组蛋白 ,表达量约占菌体总蛋白量的 5%。动物实验的预防组和治疗组显示在盐酸诱导胃溃疡模型前和后用携带pNICE:sec-ITF的乳酸菌灌胃,能够促进溃疡黏膜的再生。这对新型的基因工程药物的研究开发具有一定的理论意义,为乳酸菌作为药物递送载体的研究和开发打下一定的实验基础。     

高产信号分子AI-2乳酸菌的筛选及其Pfs基因的克隆和表达

【目的】从锡盟地区酸马奶酒分离的乳酸菌中筛选出高产信号分子自体诱导物2(Autoinducer-2,AI-2)的乳酸菌,通过优化其重组蛋白Pfs的诱导条件体外合成信号分子AI-2。【方法】利用生物学发光法对不同乳酸菌产信号分子AI-2的产量进行比较,以高产信号分子AI-2乳酸菌基因组DNA为模板,扩增其S-腺苷高半胱氨酸核苷酶(S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase,Pfs)基因,构建原核表达载体。利用异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)进行重组蛋白的诱导表达,通过优化培养基、诱导温度、诱导前菌体密度、IPTG浓度以及诱导时间得到高表达的Pfs蛋白,使其与底物作用最终体外合成信号分子AI-2。【结果】10株乳酸菌均可产信号分子AI-2,其中屎肠球菌8-3分泌信号分子AI-2的产量明显高于其他菌株;重组蛋白的最佳诱导条件为:选取SOC(Super optimal broth with catabolite repression)作为诱导表达培养基,菌液OD600为0.5–0.7时加入终浓度为0.1 mmol/L的IPTG,37°C诱导12 h;利用最优诱导条件获得了浓度为4.08 g/L的纯化Pfs蛋白,体外合成了信号分子AI-2。【结论】酸马奶酒中分离出的10株乳酸菌均可产生信号分子AI-2,且屎肠球菌8-3可通过Pfs基因的作用生成信号分子AI-2。     

乳酸菌食品级基因表达系统

酸菌是一类重要工业菌株。最近,乳酸菌遗传学和分子生物学的研究取得长足进步,导致发展了乳酸菌食品级基因表达系统。通过介绍乳酸菌食品级基因表达系统的基本要求、食品级选择性标记、食品级诱导物及该系统的研究进展,展示了乳酸菌食品级基因表达系统的建立对研究乳酸菌的基因表达调控和它的深层次的开发利用所具有的重要意义。     

乳酸菌作为口服疫苗载体的研究进展

乳酸菌是一类重要的工业菌株,是食品级安全菌。利用乳酸菌作为表达载体制成的口服疫苗安全无毒,乳酸菌口服疫苗通过胃肠粘膜进行抗原呈递,能诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答和免疫耐受。近年来对于乳酸菌口服疫苗的研究成为热点,并在此方面取得了突破性成果。     

猪流行性腹泻抗原基因在乳酸菌中的表达及优化

目的：优化猪流行性腹泻抗原基因COE在乳酸乳球菌中的表达。方法：将表达猪流行性腹泻抗原基因COE的重组乳酸菌活化,酶切鉴定其稳定性,然后设计实验分别从pH值、温度、Nisin浓度、诱导时间、菌体密度等条件对COE表达进行优化,SDS-PAGE检测表达效果。结果：COE在乳酸乳球菌中的最佳表达条件为pH 7.0、T（温度）=30℃、Nisin=2ng/mLt、（诱导时间）=4h和OD600=0.5,在以上条件下相对表达量分别达到了15.48%、15.05%、15.82%、14.72%和20.47%。在最佳表达条件下得到SOE的相对表达含量达到21%。结论：COE重组质粒稳定,其在乳酸菌中经优化表达后可为今后研制猪流行性腹泻乳酸菌疫苗提供数据。     

幽门螺杆菌napA基因在乳酸菌中的表达及免疫原性分析

为在乳酸菌中表达幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori）中性粒细胞激活蛋白(NAP),口服免疫小鼠后检测其免疫原性。在实验中利用了分子克隆技术构建携带nap基因的重组原核表达质粒pNICE:secnap,将重组质粒转化乳酸菌NZ9000株,筛选鉴定阳性菌落,诱导表达的NAP蛋白用SDSPAGE和Western blot进行鉴定。将雌性ICR（CV级）小鼠随机分为4组,分别用PBS、携带空质粒的乳酸菌、携带pNICE:secnap的乳酸菌、灭活的H.pylori 灌胃。免疫7次后检测其特异性IgG和IgA的产生。成功扩增了nap基因并构建了重组原核表达质粒pNICE:secnap,转化乳酸菌NZ9000后经nisin诱导可表达Mr约17kDa的重组蛋白,表达量约占菌体总蛋白量的9.5%,表达的蛋白能与兔抗H.pylori 血清特异性反应,具有良好的免疫原性。携带pNICE:secnap质粒的乳酸菌刺激产生的IgG水平明显高于携带空质粒组,与灭活H.pylori组没有明显的差异,但其刺激产生的IgA水平明显高于其他组。以上结果说明表达NAP蛋白的乳酸菌口服免疫小鼠后,能够刺激小鼠产生特异的IgG和IgA,对幽门螺杆菌疫苗的研究开发具有理论意义。为乳酸菌作为抗原递送载体的研究和H.pylori口服疫苗的开发提供了一定的实验基础。     

幽门螺杆菌napA基因在乳酸菌中的表达及免疫原性分析

本实验目的是在乳酸菌中表达幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori） 中性粒细胞激活蛋白(NAP),口服免疫小鼠后检测其免疫原性。在实验中利用了分子克隆技术构建携带nap基因的重组原核表达质粒pNICE:sec-nap,将重组质粒转化乳酸菌NZ9000株,筛选鉴定阳性菌落,诱导表达的NAP蛋白用SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行鉴定。将雌性ICR（CV级）小鼠随机分为4组,分别用PBS、携带空质粒的乳酸菌、携带pNICE:sec-nap的乳酸菌、灭活的H.pylori 灌胃。免疫7次后检测其特异性IgG和IgA的产生。成功扩增了nap基因并构建了重组原核表达质粒pNICE:sec-nap,转化乳酸菌NZ9000后经nisin诱导可表达Mr约17kDa的重组蛋白,表达量约占菌体总蛋白量的9.5%,表达的蛋白能与兔抗H.pylori 血清特异性反应,具有良好的免疫原性。携带pNICE:sec-nap质粒的乳酸菌刺激产生的IgG水平明显高于携带空质粒组,与灭活H.pylori组没有明显的差异,但其刺激产生的IgA水平明显高于其他组。以上结果说明表达NAP蛋白的乳酸菌口服免疫小鼠后,能够刺激小鼠产生特异的IgG和IgA,对幽门螺杆菌疫苗的研究开发具有理论的意义。为乳酸菌作为抗原递送载体的研究和H.pylori口服疫苗的开发提供一定的实验基础。     

乳酸菌用作口服疫苗传递载体的研究

乳酸菌是食品级安全菌,利用乳酸菌为表达载体制成的口服疫苗安全无毒,能诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答和免疫耐受。乳酸菌口服疫苗通过胃肠粘膜进行抗原呈递,使用方便,而且较传统注射途径的免疫效果和依从性好,是理想的疫苗,有广阔的发展前景。     

Progress in lactic acid bacterial phage research

Research on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has advanced significantly over the past number of decades and these developments have been driven by the parallel advances in technologies such as genomics, bioinformatics, protein expression systems and structural biology, combined with the ever increasing commercial relevance of this group of microorganisms. Some of the more significant and impressive outputs have been in the domain of bacteriophage-host interactions which provides a prime example of the cutting-edge model systems represented by LAB research. Here, we present a retrospective overview of the key advances in LAB phage research including phage-host interactions and co-evolution. We describe how in many instances this knowledge can be pivotal in creating real improvements in the application of LAB cultures in commercial practice.     

Food-grade gene expression in lactic acid bacteria

In the 1990s, significant efforts were invested in the research and development of food-grade expression systems in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). At this time, Lactococcus lactis in particular was demonstrated to be an ideal cell factory for the food-grade production of recombinant proteins. Steady progress has since been made in research on LAB, including Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, in the areas of recombinant enzyme production, industrial food fermentation, and gene and metabolic pathway regulation. Over the past decade, this work has also led to new approaches on chromosomal integration vectors and host/vector systems. These newly constructed food-grade gene expression systems were designed with specific attention to self-cloning strategies, food-grade selection markers, plasmid replication and chromosomal gene replacements. In this review, we discuss some well-characterized chromosomal integration and food-grade host/vector systems used in LAB, with a special focus on sustainability, stability and overall safety, and give some attractive examples of protein expression that are based on these systems.     

Cloning Vectors Based on Cryptic Plasmids Isolated from Lactic Acid Bacteria:Their Characteristics and Potential Applications in Biotechnology

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram positive bacteria, widely distributed in nature, and industrially important as they are used in a variety of industrial food fermentations. The use of genetic engineering techniques is an effective means of enhancing the industrial applicability of LAB. However, when using genetic engineering technology, safety becomes an essential factor for the application of improved LAB to the food industry. Cloning and expression systems should be derived preferably from LAB cryptic plasmids that generally encode genes for which functions can be proposed, but no phenotypes can be observed. However, some plasmid-encoded functions have been discovered in cryptic plasmids originating from Lactobacillus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Pediococcus spp. and can be used as selective marker systems in vector construction. This article presents information concerning LAB cryptic plasmids, and their structures, functions, and applications. A total of 134 cryptic plasmids collated are discussed.     

Cloning vectors based on cryptic plasmids isolated from lactic acid bacteria: their characteristics and potential applications in biotechnology

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram positive bacteria, widely distributed in nature, and industrially important as they are used in a variety of industrial food fermentations. The use of genetic engineering techniques is an effective means of enhancing the industrial applicability of LAB. However, when using genetic engineering technology, safety becomes an essential factor for the application of improved LAB to the food industry. Cloning and expression systems should be derived preferably from LAB cryptic plasmids that generally encode genes for which functions can be proposed, but no phenotypes can be observed. However, some plasmid-encoded functions have been discovered in cryptic plasmids originating from Lactobacillus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Pediococcus spp. and can be used as selective marker systems in vector construction. This article presents information concerning LAB cryptic plasmids, and their structures, functions, and applications. A total of 134 cryptic plasmids collated are discussed.     

Optimization of fed-batch production of the model recombinant protein GFP in Lactococcus lactis

Optimization of recombinant protein production using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) remains an important obstacle on the road to realizing LAB as oral vaccine delivery vehicles. Despite this, there have been few published investigations to explore the higher limits of LAB recombinant protein expression in fed-batch fermentations. In this study, results from response surface experiments suggested an optimal set of conditions for expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP), a model recombinant protein, in bench-scale, fed-batch Lactococcus lactis IL1403 fermentations. The 48 4-L fed-batch fermentations in this set of experiments, along with preliminary studies, investigated the effects of pH, temperature, hemin concentration, concentration of the nisin inducer per cell, and time of induction. Cell densities in this data set ranged from 2.9 to 7.4 g/L and maximum GFP expression per cell ranged from 0.1 to 4.4 relative fluorescence units (RFU)/g. The optimal 4-L, fed-batch fermentation process found here yields growth and protein expression values that dramatically improve upon results from traditional test tube and flask processes. Relative to the traditional process, the experimental optimum conditions yield 4.9 times the cell density, 1.6 times the protein per cell mass, and 8 times the total protein concentration. Unexpectedly, experiments also revealed that the compound hemin, known previously to improve growth and survival of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), negatively impacted recombinant protein production when added in concentrations from 5 to 20 microg/mL with this strain. The improvement in protein expression over traditional processes demonstrated here is an important step toward commercial development of LAB for oral delivery of recombinant vaccines and therapeutic proteins.     

乳酸菌基因组学研究进展

伴随着高通量测序技术的快速发展和测序成本的降低,越来越多的微生物基因组全序列测定得以实现,从基因组学的层面了解乳酸菌的遗传结构和组成,进而分析和掌握其生物学功能已经逐渐成为可能.迄今为止已经有22株乳酸菌的基因组完成测序并公开发表,还有至少12株测序工作仍在进行中.本文在分析相关文献和生物信息数据基础上,从乳酸菌基因组特点、代谢多样性、进化及共线性四个方面对乳酸菌基因组学研究进展进行了总结,旨在为乳酸菌研究和应用提供参考.     

Lactococcus lactis as a live vector: heterologous protein production and DNA delivery systems

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used in the food industry, are present in the intestine of most animals, including humans. The potential use of these bacteria as mucosal delivery vehicles for vaccinal, medical or technological use has been extensively investigated. Lactococcus lactis, a LAB species, is a potential candidate for the production of biologically useful proteins and for plasmid DNA delivery to eukaryotic cells. Several delivery systems have been developed to target heterologous proteins to a specific cell location (i.e., cytoplasm, cell wall or extracellular medium) and more recently to efficiently transfer DNA to eukaryotic cells. A promising application of L. lactis is its use for the development of live mucosal vaccines. Here, we have reviewed the expression of heterologous protein and the various delivery systems developed for L. lactis, as well as its use as an oral vaccine carrier.