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1.
We investigated the rooting rate, the number of roots, and the state of growth of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindi) plantlet in medium where La(NO3)3 (0.5–100.O μmol/L) was added 20 d after transplanting. The activity of peroxidase, nitrate reductase, and the fresh weight
of roots were determined 44 d after transplanting. The result showed that the optimum concentration of La(NO3)3 (1.0–3.0 μmol/L) in the rooted medium could increase the rate and the fresh weight of rooting, promote the length of root,
and increase the activities of peroxidase and nitrate reductase. 相似文献
2.
Scarpa Grazia Maria Milia Marco Satta Monica 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):175-179
The influence of various growth regulators, in different quantities, and the physiological and biological stage of the plant,
on the in vitro propagation of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) were evaluated. It was found that the proliferation was dependent on both the medium and the period in which the sampling
was performed. The highest rate of in vitro shoot proliferation was obtained by using 6-benzyladenine and α-naphthyleneacetic acid as growth regulators, starting from
nodes sampled at the beginning of May. Rooting was achieved by either transplanting the shoots directly into soil or by culturing
on a medium containing 1 mg 1−1 of indole-3-acetic acid.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Weiping S Fashui H Zhigang W Yuzhen Z Fugen G Hongoing X Mingliang Y Youhong C Mizhen Z Jiale S 《Biological trace element research》2003,95(3):259-268
The effect of CeCl3 on the rooting and nitrogen metabolism of the peach plantlet in vitro was studied when the CeCl3 was added to the rooted medium. The results showed that the rooting rate and the fresh weight of roots could be increased
and the length of root could be enlarged, and the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase
in the roots were increased significantly, the transformation of NO
3
−
to NH
4
+
and protein were promoted, and the nitrogen metabolism was accelerated when the plantlets grew in the optimum rooted medium
that contained the concentration 0.3 μmol/L Ce3+. 相似文献
4.
Conditions affecting rhizogenesis in vitro and ex vitro and subsequent acclimatisation of Telopea speciosissima (waratah) were investigated. Clonal selections were successfully rooted in vitro in agar, on filter paper bridges or using crushed quartz-sand, the last substrate resulting in superior growth of roots. The in vitro substrates were impregnated with half-strength MS, 7.5 gl-1 sucrose and various concentrations of IBA. For the quartz-sand, an IBA concentration of 50 M was optimal, 70% of microcuttings were rooted. No plantlets rooted in vitro were acclimatised to ex vitro conditions (using mist, fog or humidity tent regimes). Microcuttings (25–45 mm in length) were rooted ex vitro in a fog humidity regime (droplet size <10 m) using an IBA powder dip (3 g IBA kg-1). Neither a mist nor a humidity-tent regime was suitable for rooting of waratah microshoots ex vitro. A peat and perlite mixture was superior to crushed quartz-sand or potting mix for the rooting of microshoots; this appeared to be related to the air-filled porosity (>20%) of the mixture, measured after the medium was saturated and then drained for 24h. Plantlets must be left under the high humidity regime until shoot growth resumes (four to eight weeks) otherwise plant mortality increase significantly. In vitro-produced leaves abscised between eight and 12 weeks after transfer to ex vitro conditions, indicating that these structures did not acclimatise ex vitro.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- LSD
least significant difference
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium 相似文献
5.
J. J. E. Bessembinder G. Staritsky E. A. Zandvoort 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,33(2):121-127
The storage of a clone ofColocasia esculenta at 28/24°C over a 12-h photoperiod in the absence of mannitol, was not feasible with transfer intervals of more than eight months. Mannitol had a positive effect on survival at this temperature, but caused abnormalities at high concentrations. At 9°C in total darkness,C. esculenta could be stored for more than eight years with transfer intervals of approximately three years. After this period, more than 90% of the cultures showed living shoots, but not all shoots per culture showed regrowth. Cultures which were transferred three times during the experimental period, had a significantly (=0.05) lower number of regrowing shoots than cultures which were transferred twice. This might be due to the fact that the former cultures were transferred at a less favourable developmental stage. The addition of mannitol to the storage medium did not improve survival and regrowth, nor did a more gradual lowering of the temperature to 9°C. 相似文献
6.
Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou Artemios M. Bosabalidis 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,47(2):127-134
Shootlets of kiwifruit plants (Actinidia deliciosa) were culturedin vitro. Combinations of light intensity, Mg and sucrose in the cultures showed that an increase of light intensity resulted in a
corresponding increase of the relative size of the leaf mesophyll cells and in a decrease of the numbers of chloroplasts and
contained starch grains. The addition of sucrose to the substrate media negatively affected the size of the mesophyll cells
under normal Mg concentration (35 mg l−1), and positively under high Mg concentration (105 mg l−1 ). Sucrose further resulted in an increase in the numbers of chloroplasts and contained starch grains. The photosynthetic
capacity of leaves greatly increased when Mg concentration was enhanced and sucrose was excluded from the nutrient substrate.
Total sugar accumulation in all treatments was favoured by normal light intensity and addition of sucrose. 相似文献
7.
Endogenous ethylene requirement for adventitious root induction and growth in tomato cotyledons and lavandin microcuttings in vitro 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The role of ethylene in the formation of adventitious roots in vitro was studied in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC 105) cotyledons and lavandin (Lavandula officinalis Chaix × Lavandula latifolia microshoots. Both systems were able to form roots on hormone-free medium evolving low amounts of ethylene. The addition of 20–50 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) inhibited root formation in tomato cotyledons while increasing ethylene production. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 3 M) stimulated root number in lavandin explants and induced a transient rise in ethylene evolution. Enhanced ethylene levels via the endogenous precursors 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, 25–50 M) drastically impaired root regeneration and growth in tomato. In lavandin, 10 M ACC stimulated ethylene production and significantly inhibited the rooting percentage and root growth. Conversely, ACC enhanced the root number in the presence of NAA only. Severe inhibition of rooting was also caused by ethylene reduction via biosynthetic inhibitors, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 5–10 M) in tomato, and salicylic acid (SA, 100 M) in lavandin. A strict requirement of endogenous ethylene for adventitious root induction and growth is thus suggested.Abbreviations LS
Linsmaier and Skoog medium
- BA
N6-benzyladenine
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
- AVG
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine
- SA
Salicylic acid
- ACC
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 相似文献
8.
Dick Vreugdenhil Petra Bindels Poula Reinhoud Jozef Klocek Theo Hendriks 《Plant Growth Regulation》1994,14(3):257-265
The effects of the plant growth retardant tetcyclacis on in vitro tuber formation in potatoes was studied, using two different approaches: 1. tuber formation in various lines that did not or hardly form tubers under control conditions, and 2. tuber formation by the variety Bintje, which readily forms tubers. The ABA-deficient (droopy) lines of S. phureja hardly formed tubers without the addition of tetcyclacis. In the presence of this growth retardant tuberization was nearly 100%, within three weeks of in vitro culture, even in the absence of cytokinin. A series of somatic hybrids between S. tuberosum and S. brevidens, that did not form tubers in field and pot experiments, were tested. They all formed tubers in vitro in the presence of tetcyclacis. Stoloniferous shoots formed on single-node cuttings from in vitro grown Solanum tuberosum var Bintje plantlets were transferred to media containing a high level of sucrose. In the presence of tetcyclacis, tuber formation started after 4 days, reaching a maximum level of 80% at day 7. Tubers formed in the presence of tetcyclacis, accumulated starch and expressed several tuber-specific genes. These effects were fully antagonized by gibberellic acid. It is concluded that the growth retardant tetcyclacis is a potent tool in the study of tuber formation in potatoes.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- BAP
benzylaminopurine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- STS
silver thiosulphate
- TET
tetcyclacis 相似文献
9.
Sarkar Debabrata Sud Kuldip C. Chakrabarti Swarup K. Naik Prakash S. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2002,68(1):79-89
Alginate capsules containing anionic complex silverthiosulfate (STS) [Ag(S2O3)2
3-] were placed in the culture tubes over minimal growth media for studying whether STS could be used at higher concentrations to sustain ethylene-inhibiting effect during conservation of microplants in six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in vitro. Different concentrations of STS (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mM) were incorporated into the alginate capsules, and 12 alginate-STS capsules were tested in semisolid (7 g l–1 agar) minimal growth medium containing 20 g l–1 mannitol and 40 g l–1 sucrose. This indirect supplementation of STS through alginate capsules rendered reduced total availability of STS in the minimal growth medium as compared to when it was directly supplemented in the medium at a given concentration. Growing of microplants in the presence of alginate-STS capsules improved the microplant growth and reduced the culture abnormalities over a period of 16 months under minimal growth conditions. Most significant improvement in microplant growth was in terms of green leaf production and leaf senescence. Vitrification, flaccidity and other growth abnormalities, viz., leaf loss, abnormal stem swelling and necrosis were not observed when the microplants were conserved in the presence of alginate-STS capsules. To foster optimum microplant growth and reduce culture abnormalities, potato microplants could favourably be maintained in the presence of 0.5–1.0 mM alginate-STS capsules during minimal growth conservation. Higher concentrations of alginate-STS capsules (>1.0 mM) were in general detrimental to potato microplant growth and survival during prolonged storage in vitro. Release kinetics of STS from the alginate-STS capsules, its distribution in the medium and accumulation of silver in potato microplants were studied using 110mAg. The release rate of STS from the capsules was found to be directly proportional to the concentrations of alginate-STS capsules. A distinct concentration gradient of 110mAg in the medium with increasing depth from top to bottom, and its accumulation in the potato microplants may be attributed to the improved anti-ethylene action of STS at higher concentrations through alginate capsules. 相似文献
10.
Z. J. Zhang W. J. Zhou H. Z. Li G. Q. Zhang K. Subrahmaniyan J. Q. Yu 《Biologia Plantarum》2006,50(3):453-456
The shoot fresh mass, root length and root numbers of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Favorita and Helanwuhua were increased significantly by the application of 0.2 – 2 mg dm−3 jasmonic acid (JA) in the Murashige and Skoog medium. However, the growth of potato explants was inhibited by JA at high
concentrations (20 – 50 mg dm−3). Chlorophyll content in explant leaves decreased with an increase in the concentration of JA. In leaves treated with 0.2
mg dm−3 JA acid peroxidase activity increased, while in the leaves treated with more than 2 mg dm−3 JA peroxidase activity decreased. Under the dark, the microtuber numbers, fresh mass and percentage of big microtubers of
two potato cultivars were not promoted by the application of 0.2 – 50 mg dm−3 JA. 相似文献
11.
Mercado José A. Sancho-Carrascosa María A. Jiménez-Bermúdez Silvia Perán-Quesada Rosa Pliego-Alfaro Fernando Quesada Miguel A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(2):101-106
The possible use of in vitro shoot morphogenesis and shoot apex culture to evaluate salt tolerance in cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has been analyzed, using two cultivars with similar salt tolerance, Pera and Hellfrucht frühstamm (HF). The effect
of salt on shoot regeneration was studied by culturing leaf explants on media supplemented with 0, 43, 86, 129 and 172 mM
NaCl. The presence of NaCl in the regeneration media at 86 mM strongly inhibited shoot regeneration in the cultivar HF, but
not in Pera. However, the substitution of NaCl by mannitol, maintaining the same water potential in the culture media, decreased
the regeneration percentage in Pera but did not affect HF. Shoot apices of both cultivars were also subcultured at 6-week
intervals, for 4 subcultures, at the same NaCl concentrations as used in the previous experiment, and the shoot growth, leaf
and root number, rooted shoot and shoot necrosis were recorded at the end of each subculture. Root formation was the parameter
most affected by salt in both cultivars, Pera being more sensitive than HF. The substitution of NaCl by mannitol significantly
increased the percentage of rooted shoots in Pera after four subcultures, and slightly decreased this percentage in HF. Shoot
necrosis was only observed in the last subculture at NaCl higher than 86 mM, the percentage of necrotic shoots being higher
in Pera than in HF (75% and 45%, respectively). The lack of agreement between the results obtained with the in vitro tests, e.g., adventitious shoot formation and growth of apical stem sections, suggests that this approach may not be a reliable
tool to evaluate salt tolerance in cultivated tomato.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
With the objective to develop a practical method of screening potato for drought tolerance, shoot and root growth in plantlets
raised in vitro (from nodal cuttings drawn from in vivo as well as in vitro grown plantlets) were studied in three genotypes with known root mass production under field conditions. Different levels
of water stress were induced using five concentrations of agar in MS (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962)
medium. Water potential of various media ranged from −0.70 MPa to −0.98 MPa. Water stress in culture adversely affected plantlet
growth, and the responses varied with genotype and explant source. Genotype IWA-1 was less affected than Konafubuki and Norin-1.
In the experiment with explants from in vivo grown plants, the time to rooting was considerably delayed in Konafubuki and Norin-1 by an increase in agar concentration,
but no such effect was observed in IWA-1. In all media, the mean number of roots and root length was greater in IWA-1 than
Konafubuki and Norin-1, and the latter two genotypes were at par. At 10 gl−1 agar, IWA-1 had taller plantlets, heavier foliage dry weight, root volume, as well as root dry weight than Konafubuki and
Norin-1, whereas the latter two genotypes were at par for all these characteristics. This pattern was similar to the reported
pattern of these genotypes for root dry weight under field conditions. However, such similarity in the in vitro and field behavior of the tested genotypes was not observed when nodal cuttings drawn from in vitro plantlets were used as explants. It is concluded that in vitro screening of potato under specific and limited water stress conditions by raising plantlets from nodal cuttings drawn from
in vivo grown plants may provide a system for effectively differentiating the genotypes for their expected root mass production under
field conditions. 相似文献
13.
Sucrose and light effects on in vitro cultures of potato,chokecherry and saskatoon berry during low temperature storage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pruski Kris Kozai Toyoki Lewis Tina Astatkie Tess Nowak Jerzy 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,63(3):215-221
Cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Atlantic, chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.) cv. Garrington and saskatoon berry (Amelancher alnifolia Nutt.) cv. Northline grown in vitro for 3 weeks at 24/22 °C, 16-h photoperiod, 150 μmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) mixed fluorescent/incandescent light were stored for 6, 9 and 12 weeks at 4 °C
under 0 (darkness) and 3 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD (690 nm red light continuous illumination). Growth regulators free MSMO medium either with or without 30 g l−1 sucrose was used to store the cultures. All cultures retained capacity to re-grow after storage. Tested factors, sucrose,
light and the length of the storage period had an impact on shoot quality and re-growth capacity of the cultures. For either
light treatment sucrose was essential for the low temperature maintenance of vigorous stock plants of potato, if stored for
over 6 weeks. Chokecherry and saskatoon cultures stored well without sucrose; although chokecherry benefited from sucrose
in the storage medium when the stock cultures were kept at the low temperature for 12 weeks. Low light significantly improved
quality of the stored potato cultures, but had very little effect on both chokecherry and saskatoon berry cultures. The woody
plant cultures grew during storage, and the longer the stock plants were stored, the more vigorous cultures they generated.
The results indicate that growers can successfully use their existing facilities, small refrigerators and coolers with low
light intensity, set at 4 °C, for short term storage of potato, chokecherry and saskatoon berry cultures. The potato cultures,
which are known to be sensitive to prolonged low temperature storage, should be frequently monitored and subcultured as required.
On the other hand, the woody plant stock cultures do not require any special attention when kept at 4 °C and re-grow the most
vigorous shoots if stored for at least 12 weeks.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Shirin Fatima Kumar Sandeep Mishra Yogeshwar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,63(3):193-197
A rapid clonal propagation system for Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberaceae), a rare folk medicinal herb has been developed. Various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and a range
of auxins have been investigated for in vitro plantlet production, using rhizomes as explants. In vitro plantlet production has been achieved on 0.75 × Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 12 μM BA, 3 μM ∝-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) and 3% sucrose. The procedure ensures 13-fold rate of plantlet production every 4 weeks. Hardened plantlets produced
normal storage roots as the parent plants. Around 1,000 plantlets have been produced successfully for field transfer.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Effects of kinetin,paclobutrazol and their interactions on the microtuberization of potato stem segments cultured in vitro in the light 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
I. Šimko 《Plant Growth Regulation》1993,12(1-2):23-27
Single-nodal cuttings of Solanum tuberosum (four cultivars) and Solanum chacoense were induced to produce in vitro microtubers on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8 g l–1 sucrose and various concentrations of kinetin and paclobutrazol. The cultures were kept 10 days in darkness and then transferred to a 14 h daylength with 100 µE m–2 sec–1 light intensity at 21 °C. Kinetin (2.5 mg l–1) had no significant influence on tuber formation. However, its addition together with paclobutrazol (0.001 mg l–1) significantly enhanced tuberization. Paclobutrazol alone stimulated early tuber initiation and inhibited stem growth. Despite some genotype × treatment interactions, all genotypes (from very early to late and wild type) formed the maximum proportion of explants bearing microtubers on the media containing both plant growth regulators. 相似文献
16.
An investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of nine different growth regulators on growth in vitro of shoot cultures of the semi-dwarfing cherry rootstock Colt (Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus). The effects of each supplement on shoot extension and proliferation and also leaf and callus production were noted, and it was found that BAP has the ability to proliferate shoots, IBA nullifies this effect and that kinetin, ABA, GA3 and ethylene inhibit the growth of colt cultures. Conditions were established which resulted in a) optimum shoot growth prior to subsequent rooting or grafting; b) maximum shoot proliferation for rapid clonal multiplication and c) minimum shoot growth. This study will form the basis of an investigation into germplasm conservation of temperate fruit trees by both cryogenic storage and minimal growth techniques. 相似文献
17.
Responses of strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro under superbright red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nhut Duong Tan Takamura T. Watanabe H. Okamoto K. Tanaka M. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,73(1):43-52
Unrooted strawberry cv. `Akihime' shoots with three leaves obtained from standard mixotrophic cultures were cultured in the ``Culture Pack'-rockwool system with sugar-free MS medium under CO2-enriched condition. To examine the effect of superbright red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on in vitro growth of plantlets, these cultures were placed in an incubator, ``LED PACK', with either red LEDs, red LEDs1blue LEDs or blue LEDs light source. To clarify the optimum blue and red LED ratio, cultures were placed in ``LED PACK 3' under LED light source with either 100, 90, 80, or 70% red + 0, 10, 20, 30% blue, respectively, and also under standard heterotrophic conditions. To determine the effects of irradiation level, cultures were grown under 90% red LEDs + 10% blue LEDs at 45, 60 or 75 mol m–2 s–1 . Plantlet growth was best at 70% red + 30% blue LEDs. The optimal light intensity was 60 mol m–2 s–1. Growth after transfer to soil was also best after in vitro culture with plantlets produced were 70% red LEDs + 30% blue LEDs. 相似文献
18.
Heterotrophic and autotrophic culture in agar and in polyurethane foam, the latter used as an alternative tissue support to agar, resulted in potato microplants with different in vitro morphologies. The microplants were visually characterised in terms of their relative developmental maturity, by comparing the respective leaf shapes in vitro with ontogenetic differences in leaf shape in glasshouse-grown potato plants. Cytosine methylation in the DNA of microplants of the different morphologies was determined using a method based on the AFLP technique but employing methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes (MSAP analysis) to test the hypothesis that DNA methylation could be used to characterise differences in microplant development in vitro. In three of the four treatments there was a good correlation between the visual assessment of relative morphological maturity and DNA base methylation levels. In these microplants there was increased DNA methylation in the leaves with mature leaf morphology represented by a decreased number of restriction fragments. The fourth in vitro morphology had the most juvenile leaf shape but did not have the predicted level of DNA methylation, having a relatively low number of restriction fragments. Subtraction analysis was used to discriminate the fragments that were unique to the juvenile and mature in vivo leaf morphologies. Comparison of the fragment patterns from the microplants with the latter reference profiles, confirmed the relationship with the total DNA methylation as detected by MSAP analysis, that is, the number of common fragments with the juvenile or mature in vivo leaf profiles, respectively. However, none of the fragment profiles, while sharing some common bands at random, was identical to any other; or to that of either the juvenile or mature in vivo leaf. The anomalous relationship of the microplants with most juvenile leaf shape and highest DNA methylation was confirmed. The measurement of DNA methylation in in vitro plants is discussed in the context of the development of a method to assess the quality of microplants produced by different in vitro protocols. 相似文献
19.
Grazia Marino Annie Doro Altan Bruno Biavati 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1996,32(1):51-56
Summary Shoots of “San Castrese” and “Portici” apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) free of cultivable bacteria, shoots of the same origin exhibiting bacterial contamination after repeated subcultures,
and contaminated shoots treated with cefotaxime were compared for gas exchange, proliferation rate, and fresh and dry weight.
Cultures of San Castrese contaminated byBacillus circulans andSphingomonas paucimobilis, and of Portici contaminated withStaphylococcus hominis andMicrococcus kristinae, including those treated with cefotaxime, showed comparable shoot weights and lower proliferation rates than healthy cultures.
Bacteria, even if not visible until the end of subculture, markedly influenced the gaseous composition of the jar headspace.
Healthy cultures clearly showed photosynthetic activity at 60 μM·m−2·s−1 photosynthetically active radiation; in contrast, oxygen quickly decreased and carbon dioxide increased in contaminated cultures,
including those treated with cefotaxime, in which bacteria became visible in the culture medium only after repeated subcultures. 相似文献
20.
Summary Cotyledonary node and leaf nodal explants excised from 14-d-old in vitro-grown seedlings of Albizia odoratissima were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), N
6-(2-isopentenyl) adenine (2-iP) and kinetin, used either solely or in combinations. The highest frequency for shoot regeneration
(82.5%), the maximum number of shoots per explant (6.9), and the maximum shoot length (2.55 cm) were obtained from cotyledonary
node explants cultured on a MS medium containing 10 μM BAP and 10 μM 2-iP with 30 gl−1 sucrose. Successful rooting was achieved by placing the microshoots on MS medium with 25 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 24h first, then transferring to the same medium without IBA. Of the various substrates tested,
vermiculite was best for plant acclimatization, in which 75% of plants survived. 相似文献