海洋微生物几丁质酶分离纯化及其抗真菌活性

以实验室筛选的海洋产几丁质酶短芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus brevis sp．）菌株Bspl,经往复式摇床振荡培养96h后,发酵液先后采取了75％的硫酸铵盐析、透析、几丁质亲和层析、SDS—PAGE等方法对几丁质粗酶液进行分离纯化和鉴定。几丁质亲和层析一步纯化后,经过SDS—PAGE电泳测定该酶的分子量为23ku,其比活力为86．65．纯化倍数为1．707、产率为32．1％。纯化的几丁质酶能抑制病原真菌的生长,对病原真菌的拮抗作用具有广谱性。同时研究了几丁质酶的稳定性,以胶态几丁质为底物,分离的几丁质酶在pH7．5,55．0℃左右具有最大酶活性;Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋和Hg^2＋能强烈抑制几丁质酶活性;Ni^＋和EDTA抑制20％-40％;然而5mmol／LCo^2＋可以使几丁质酶活性提高1．4倍;Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋等也能使酶活性增加。     

β—葡聚糖酶的分离纯化和特性研究

对里木霉所产β－葡聚糖酶粗酶液通过饱和硫酸铵沉淀、Sephadex G-100柱层析和DEAE－Sephadex A-50柱层析进行纯化,比活提高14．60倍,活力回收6．62％。酶特性研究表明,最适温度和pH分别为60℃和5．0,在pH低于5．0时酶较稳定,酶的热稳定性在60℃以下。Cu^2 、Mn^2 、Mg^2 、Fe^3 和K^ 对酶有抑制作用,Zn^2 、Ca^2 、Co^2 和Fe^2 有激活作用。     

几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶与萝卜抗真菌蛋白RS-AFP2基因三价表达载体的构建及农杆菌工程菌株的重组

利用基因工程技术构建了含有几丁质酶(Chitinase,Chi．)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-Glucanase,Glu．)、萝卜抗真菌蛋白(Raphanus sativus-antifingal protein,Rs-AFP2)的三价植物表达载体,并通过农杆菌直接转化法将三价植物表达载体转入农杆菌EHA105,分别为GC R／pCAMBIA1300／EHA105和RC G／pCAMBIAl300／EHA105,并采用PCR、DNA dot blotting技术对其进行了鉴定分析,证明获得了阳性的重组农杆菌工程菌株。     

昆虫来源的几丁质酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

几丁质酶在真菌和昆虫的生理和发育过程中起着关键作用,该酶本身及其酶抑制剂是获取生物农药的重要途径。本研究从蚕蛹体内提取几丁质粗酶,经硫酸铵分级沉淀和Sephadex G-150分离得到几丁质酶。用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的分子量为88kDa。水解胶体几丁质的Km值为22.3μmol/L。酶反应的最适温度为45℃,最适pH值为6.0,金属离子和有机试剂对几丁质酶活性都有影响,其中高浓度的Mn2+对酶有较强的激活作用,而Cu2+、SDS则有较强的抑制作用。研究结果为基于几丁质酶的生物农药筛选研究奠定了基础。     

内内葡聚糖苷水解酶的分离纯化和内源荧光性质

利用离子交换和分子筛层析技术从拟康氏木霉Ｓ－３８固态发酵液中提纯了两个内切葡聚糖苷酶组分。测定了一个组分的内源荧光性质。结果表明：该酶分子的内源荧光几乎都来自色氨酸。Ｎ－溴代琥珀酰亚胺（ＮＢＳ）修饰导致了酶活力的完全丧失,但是酶荧光残留了２５％,抑制剂纤维二糖与酶结合可使部分酶荧光得到保护,同时这种结合也可以保护一定的色氨酸荧光不被外来淬灭剂淬灭。     

蛋白核小球藻凝集素的分离纯化及部分性质研究

蛋白核小球藻藻粉的PBS抽提液经硫酸铵二步分级沉淀 ,再经DEAE Sepharose和SephadexG 10 0层析 ,从中分离纯化得到蛋白核小球藻凝集素 (CPL)。经测定 ,该凝集素为单个亚基的蛋白质 ,相对亚基分子量为 1 4× 10 4 — 1 5× 10 4 ,分子中不含糖。在氨基酸组成中 ,苯丙氨酸 (Phe)的含量最高 ,其次是天冬氨酸 (Asp)和谷氨酸 (Glu) ,不含组氨酸 (His)。CPL能够凝集兔、绵羊及鸽子红细胞 ,其中对兔红细胞的凝集活性最大 ,最低浓度为 6 88μg/mL ,对鸡、鸭及人红细胞 (A型、O型及B型 )无凝集活性。卵黏蛋白和 7种单糖对CPL的凝血活性具有抑制作用。CPL具有很好的热稳定性 ,在 90℃处理 10min不失活。     

银杏种仁中抗菌蛋白的纯化及性质

银杏果仁提取上清液经硫酸铵沉淀、CM—52离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤层析后分离纯化出一种抗菌蛋白。SDS—PAGE分析结果表明,此蛋白分子量为13000,对热稳定;氨基酸组分分析表明,该蛋白含18种不同氨基酸,尤富含丙氨酸(Ala)和精氨酸(His)等,缺乏半胱氨酸(Cys);纯化的蛋白对黄瓜镰刀孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、瓜类炭疽菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)、小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis)等真菌有很强的抑制作用,而且对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia Coli)等细菌也有一定的抑制作用。     

产气肠杆菌几丁质酶的分离纯化及性质研究

从自然罹病死亡的草原毛虫(Gynephorap ruoergnesis)体内分离到一株产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes),它在几丁质的诱导下能产生较高活性的几丁质酶。发酵液经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE纤维素柱层析和Sephadex G-100柱层析分离出几丁质酶。用SDSPAGE测得该酶的分子量为425kD。水解几丁质的Km值为2.88mg/mL-1。酶反应的最适温度为55℃,最适pH值为60,金属离子对几丁质酶活性影响较大,其中Zn2+、Ba2+、Ca2+和Mn2+对酶有较强的激活作用,而Hg2+、Co2+和Mg2+则有较强的抑制作用。     

杜仲皮中抗真菌蛋白的分离和特性研究

从杜仲（ＥｕｃｏｍｍｉａｕｌｍｏｉｄｅｓＯｌｉｖ）皮中分离纯化到一种新的抗真菌蛋白（ＥｕｃｏｍｍｉａＡｎｔｉｆｕｎｇａｌＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ）,简称ＥＡＦＰ。将切碎的杜仲树皮用ＮａＣｌ溶液在组织捣碎器中高速匀浆提取,经硫酸铁沉淀、ＣＭ一ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ离子交换层析和Ｂｉｏ一ｇｅｌ一ｐ一１０凝胶层析纯化。如此纯化而得的ＥＡＦＰ在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ胶片上显示一条分子量为５．０ｋＤ的单一带。反相ＨＰＬＣ显示４样品是纯的。等电聚焦电泳测得其ｐＩ值大于１１．０。经还原和氨酰羧甲基化处理,用ＨＰＬＣ层析证明ＥＡＦＰ为单链。用酚一硫酸法未测出其含糖。ＥＡＦＰ是简单单链蛋白。氨基酸组成分析结果表明它宫含Ａｒｇ、Ｃｙｓ和Ｇｌｙ,不含Ｍｅｔ,Ｌｙｓ,Ｔｒｐ,Ｈｉｓ和Ｐｈｅ。未经热变性或ＳＤＳ处理的ＥＡＦＰ与考马氏亮蓝试剂不发生显色反应。手工Ｅｄｍａｎ降解法测得Ｎ一端３个氨基酸残基的顺序为Ｇｌｙ一Ａｓｐ一Ａｌａ。用羧肽酶Ａ和Ｂ酶解ＥＡＦＰ测得其Ｃ一末端为Ｖａｌ．０．３ｍｇ／ｍＬ蛋白明显抑制木霉、小麦赤霉菌、烟草黑茎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌菌丝的生长。蛋白在沸水中保温３０ｍｉｎ活性不变。     

Purification and Characterization of Canine Serum Ferritin-binding Proteins

Ferritin-binding protein (FBP) is known to interact with circulating ferritins in mammals. Canine FBPs were purified from canine serum by affinity chromatography and were identified as IgM, IgG, and IgA by immunoblotting with alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibodies to canine IgM, IgG, and IgA heavy chains. Following further purification by application to a Sephacryl S-300 column, canine FBPs were separated into 81.3- and 27.7-kDa bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis, and the 81.3-kDa band reacted with the anti-canine IgM heavy chain antibody. Purified canine FBP bound to canine liver ferritin, but not to canine albumin and transferrin. FBP showed greater binding to the expressed bovine ferritin H-chain homopolymer than to the expressed bovine ferritin L-chain homopolymer. The binding of FBP with canine liver ferritin was dose-dependently inhibited by anti-rat liver ferritin antibody, and the anti-ferritin antibody dissociated the bound FBP in a dose-dependent manner, even after binding FBP with liver ferritin. The canine ferritin H subunit peptide fragment with amino acid residues 148–155 (NH₂-GDHVTNLR-COOH) in its C-terminal region was recognized by FBP. These results indicate that canine serum FBPs are autoantibodies to ferritin (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and that anti-ferritin autoantibody (IgM) recognizes the C-terminal region of ferritin H subunit.     

Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Chitinase from Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants exhibit an altered pattern of protein synthesis in response to pathogen invasion and abiotic stress. One of these `pathogenesis-related' proteins has been identified as chitinase, which is capable of inhibiting fungal growth in vitro. This observation has led to the suggestion that the in vivo role of chitinases is to protect plants against fungal invasion. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a basic chitinase from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Columbia wild type. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 32 kilodaltons as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and an apparent pl of approximately 8.7 as determined by isoelectric focusing. The purified protein is an effective inhibitor of the growth of Trichoderma reesei in vitro but does not affect the growth of several other fungi. Amino acid composition analysis of the intact protein as well as amino acid composition analysis and automatic Edman degradation of isolated tryptic fragments of the enzyme indicate that it may be identical to the product of a chitinase gene isolated from an Arabidopsis genomic library (Samac DA, Hironaka CM, Yallaly PE, Shah DM [1990] Plant Physiol 93: 907-914).     

Characterization of Glutaminase from Triticale

The glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) isolated from seedlings of triticale (Triticalesp.) had a pH optimum of about 8, was inhibited with excess substrate (glutamine), and reaction products (glutamate and NH⁺ ₄). A monocharged anion (Cl^–) and a multicharged anion (phosphate) were shown to activate the glutaminase. Some features of the glutaminase from triticale were similar to those of animal glutaminase activated by phosphate and were different from features of the enzyme from Escherichia coli.     

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF-66环二肽的分离纯化及抑菌活性研究

植物真菌病害给农业生产带来了巨大损失,因此对高效、低毒、低残留的生物农药的开发迫在眉睫。洋葱伯克霍尔德菌CF-66（Burkholderia cepacia CF-66）对真菌类病原菌具有强烈的抑制作用。其发酵液经减压浓缩和乙酸乙酯萃取得到粗提液,粗提液经反复硅胶柱层析和反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）多步柱层析,首次分离纯化得到一种环二肽——cyclo(Phe-Pro)(cFP)。利用气质联用（GC-MS）系统和HPLC进行定性和定量,结果表明分离纯化物质呈单峰,纯度较高且经标准曲线算出其浓度约为15 mg/ml。MIC值的测定结果表明该物质对立枯丝核菌、黄瓜菌核、玉米弯孢病菌等植物病原菌及冻土毛霉、黄曲霉、米根霉等食品腐败菌均具有较强的抑制作用。经显微镜观察发现,该物质可使丝状真菌菌丝生长异常,菌丝由光滑细长变得粗糙、弯曲、短粗且顶端膨大呈泡状。     

Sunflower Seed Proteins: Characterization and Subunit Composition of the Globulin Fraction

Salt soluble proteins from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedswere fractionated by isoelectric precipitation and analysedby electrophoresis. Three molecular species were detected bygradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the globulinfraction. Multi-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis indicatesthat all these species contained similar intermediary subunitsof 60 000, 54 000, 48 000 and 40000 molecular weight, the twoformer being predominant. As shown by ion-exchange chromatographyunder dissociating and reducing conditions, the intermediarysubunits are composed of disulphide linked pairs of large ‘acidic’and small ‘basic’ subunits. Heterogeneity in molecularweight of these subunits was shown by electrophoretic studies.These results suggest that a major reserve protein in sunflowerseeds is similar to ‘legumin’ of plants of the familyLeguminosae. Key words: Sunflower, Seed globulin, Globulin subunits     

Purification, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Chitinase from Streptomyces venezuelae P10

Streptomyces venezuelae P₁₀ could produce extracellular chitinase in a medium containing 0.6% colloidal chitin that was fermented for 96 hours at 30°C. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity with 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate as shown by chitin affinity chromatography and DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the enzyme showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa. The chitinase was characterized, and antifungal activity was observed against phytopathogens. Also, the first 15 N-terminal amino-acid residues of the chitinase were determined. The chitin hydrolysed products were N-acetylglucosamine and N, N’-diacetylchitobiose.     

Purification and Partial Characterization of Antifungal Peptides from Soybean Endophyte-Paenibacillus sp strain HKA-15

Culture supernatant of soybean nodule endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus sp strain HKA-15 showed the antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia bataticola, the causative agent of charcoal rot disease in soybean. The activity was detected only during the on set of stationary phase (24h post inoculation) in potato dextrose broth. The culture filtrate was extracted with nbutanol, resolved into two compounds by hydrophobic interaction column (Sephadex LH-20) chromatography and purified by reverse phase HPLC. Bioactive fractions collected from preparative HPLC were characterized as cyclic peptide and depsipeptide. No loss of activity was recorded with these metabolites when exposed to proteinase K, glycerol (50%), sodium dodecyl sulphate (1%), triton X-100 (1%) and wide pH range.