银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠脂质代谢及肠道正常菌群的影响

目的:观察银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠脂质代谢的影响,同时进一步探讨调脂机制.方法:选取糖尿病大鼠灌胃给予银杏叶提取物120 mg/(kg·d),共8周,检测其空腹血脂变化,及其肠道菌群变化.结果:(1)银杏叶提取物治疗后,治疗组较糖尿病对照组,总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、胆固醇明显降低(P＜0.01);(2)糖尿病组肠道菌群较正常组明显变化(P＜0.01),尤其双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等明显减少,而治疗后肠道菌群得到调整.结论:银杏叶提取物可能通过扶植肠道菌群有益菌生长繁殖,对脂质代谢发挥作用,从而达到其调脂目的.     

黄瓜香等对调整腹水瘤小鼠肠道菌群并延长荷瘤生存时间的影响

目的研究黄瓜香等在调节肠道菌群和改善荷瘤小鼠生存质量,提高生存率方面的作用。方法用肝癌腹水瘤H22细胞株注射小鼠造荷瘤小鼠模型,然后口服黄瓜香提取液治疗。观察治疗前后菌群变化、腹水量、荷瘤生存时间等。结果中药组与阴性对照组比较,肠道菌群趋于平衡、腹水出现时间延迟、腹水量降低、荷瘤生存时间延长。结论黄瓜香等能调节小鼠肠道菌群,改善荷瘤小鼠生存质量、提高生存率。     

青春双歧杆菌对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肠道菌群和脂质代谢的影响

目的通过观察青春双歧杆菌对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肠道菌群的变化,和血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）的水平,探讨青春双歧杆菌对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肠道功能和脂质代谢的影响。方法采用青春双歧杆菌灌胃2型糖尿病模型大鼠,取粪便检查正常菌群,取血和脏器检测TC、TG、HDL-C、SOD和MDA含量。结果青春双歧杆菌导致肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量增加,而肠杆菌、肠球菌数量下降;TC、TG和MDA水平下降,而HDL-C和SOD水平升高。结论青春双歧杆菌具有改善2型糖尿病模型大鼠肠道功能和降血脂作用,与二甲双胍联合应用效果更佳。     

肠道菌群与人体代谢

人体代谢是人为了适应环境变化通过自身与微生物基因组共调节产生的所有复杂化学反应的总称。无论疾病与否,规模宏大而复杂的细菌库——肠道菌群都直接参与人体多种代谢过程。肠道菌群在人体内形成了错综复杂的微生态系统,与人类共同变化应对外界因素,人体代谢平衡状况与肠道菌群的结构组成变化密不可分。研究肠道菌群与人体代谢的相关性,对于人类健康有重要意义。     

黄瓜香水、醇提取液对肠道菌群的调整作用的比较

目的研究不同溶剂提取黄瓜香有效成分的作用效果,以期能更好提高药物的利用度。方法用盐酸林可霉素制造小鼠菌群失调模型,然后分别用黄瓜香的水、醇提取物治疗,比较治疗效果。结果醇提取物和水提取物均能调整肠道菌群平衡,与自然恢复组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且醇提取物组效果要优于水提取物组(P0.05)。结论黄瓜香醇提取物是理想的微生态调节剂。     

鸡肠道正常菌群的研究进展

正常菌群作为宿主的组成部分,参与了动物体的生长、发育、消化、吸收、营养、免疫、生物拮抗及其各种功能和结构的发生、发展和衰退的全过程。动物与菌群保持动态的微生态平衡,在某些因素作用下,正常菌群会发生变化。当有益菌占优势时,动物就会向健康的方向发展,而有害菌占优势时,最终会引起宿主的病变反应。鸡肠道菌群种类多,数量大,多为厌氧菌,研究其肠道正常菌群的结构及其演替规律,有着极其重要的意义,可为开发功能微生物、丰富菌质资源以及研制禽微生态制剂提供理论基础。     

肠道菌群与代谢研究进展

从出生伊始肠道菌群就依赖于宿主的基因组、营养和生活方式而变化的,与宿主共同进化发展.肠道菌群参与调控其宿主的多种代谢途径,包括宿主的免疫、营养,并且极大地影响宿主的物质能量代谢及与物质能量代谢相关疾病的发生与发展过程.同时又与多个器官共同作用,在宿主的代谢、信息传递,疾病的感染与防御方面起非常重要的作用.深入了解肠道菌群在其参与代谢的具体作用,对理解物质能量代谢相关疾病病因、优化治疗策略、调节肠道菌群、防治疾病和提高宿主健康水平具有重要作用.本研究对人类肠道菌群的形成、物质能量代谢、代谢相关疾病及其防治等方面的研究进展加以综述.     

黄芪复方制剂对实验性糖尿病大鼠及肠道菌群的影响

降糖素口服液给大鼠灌胃２０ｄ后,可使四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病大鼠血糖显著下降,实验组大鼠血糖接近正常水平,菌群失调得到恢复,提示降糖素口服液可能在治疗糖尿病及调整菌群失调方面具有一定应用前景。     

肠道菌群与中草药有效成分代谢

近年来,肠道菌群与中药有效成分代谢已成为众多学者研究的热点,本研究综述了肠道菌群对中药有效成分代谢转化、吸收利用的研究概括,以及中草药对肠道菌群的调理作用。     

妊娠期糖尿病对母亲及子代肠道菌群的影响研究

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)被定义为“妊娠期间首次被诊断为糖耐量异常”,可导致不良妊娠结局,对母亲及新生儿产生不同程度的影响。近些年随着肥胖人群的不断扩增,GDM呈现上升趋势。因此预防或治疗GDM成为当务之急。近几年的研究发现GDM患者及其子代的肠道菌群发生了改变,提示GDM的发生与肠道菌群紊乱可能存在某种联系。本文分析和总结了GDM母亲及其子代肠道菌群的变化和GDM母亲对子代的影响,探讨GDM对母亲及子代肠道菌群的影响,以期为预防或治疗GDM提供一个新的方向。     

Lynch综合征患者肠道菌群特征及其与糖脂代谢水平的相关性

探讨遗传性非息肉性结直肠癌（Lynch综合征）患者肠道菌群特点及其与糖脂代谢指标的相关性。

选取2011年9月至2021年9月我院收治的42例Lynch综合征患者作为Lynch组,并选取42例同期健康体检人群作为对照组。比较两组对象粪便菌群的丰度和多样性,应用Pearson相关性检验分析不同菌属拷贝数与糖脂代谢指标水平的相关性。

Lynch组患者肠道菌群Chao1指数、Ace指数、Shannon指数均高于对照组,Simpson指数低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。Lynch组患者HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、apo-B水平均高于对照组,HDL-C和apo-A1水平低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。Lynch组患者粪便中以变形菌门、肠球菌属、埃希菌属、消化链球菌属、韦荣球菌属、不动杆菌属为主要优势菌。Lynch组患者TG水平与乳杆菌属拷贝数呈负相关,与埃希菌属和韦荣球菌属拷贝数呈正相关（均P＜0.05）;HDL-C水平与乳杆菌属和布劳特菌属拷贝数呈正相关,与埃希菌属、韦荣球菌属、消化链球菌属拷贝数呈负相关（均P＜0.05）;FPG水平与乳杆菌属和布劳特菌属拷贝数呈负相关,与肠球菌属、埃希菌属、韦荣球菌属拷贝数呈正相关（均P＜0.05）。

Lynch综合征患者肠道菌群丰度和多样性低于健康人,其中乳杆菌属、布劳特菌属、埃希菌属等菌群与糖脂代谢具有相关性。

     

正常大鼠肠道菌群及细菌易位的变化

用SD大鼠检测正常肠道肠球菌、肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和类杆菌的细菌易位的变化,采用多指标测试的实验方法以进行分析。通过上述指标检测,为大鼠有关肠道菌群和细菌易位提供一些参考数据.     

山药多糖治疗肥胖糖尿病肾病大鼠的效果观察及对其肾功能和肠道微生态的影响

目的 观察山药多糖治疗肥胖糖尿病肾病大鼠的效果,并探讨其对肾功能、肠道微生态的影响。 方法 以高脂饮食、肾切除+腹腔注射STZ建立肥胖糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,分为5组,另取8只正常SD大鼠记为正常组。阳性药组予以10 mg/kg洛丁新灌胃,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组分别予以50、100、200 mg/kg山药多糖灌胃,模型组与正常组均予以等量生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,共30 d。对比治疗前后体质量、尿蛋白、肾功能、肠道菌群变化。 结果 治疗后阳性药组和3剂量组体质量、尿蛋白、血清肌酐(Scr)、血清尿素氮(BUN)水平均下降,且均低于模型组,模型组则均高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P结论 山药多糖可减轻肥胖糖尿病肾病大鼠的体重,改善肾功能,还可调节肠道微生态,其作用呈剂量依赖性。     

Effects of gallic acid on brain lipid peroxide and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

This study evaluated the protective effects of gallic acid on brain lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant system, and lipids in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the levels of blood glucose, brain lipid peroxidation products, and lipids and a significant decrease in the activities of brain enzymic antioxidants. Oral treatment with gallic acid (10 mg and 20 mg/kg) for 21 days significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, brain lipid peroxidation products, and lipids and significantly increased the activities of brain enzymic antioxidants in diabetic rats. Histopathology of brain confirmed the protective effects of gallic acid. Furthermore, in vitro study revealed the free radical scavenging action of gallic acid. Thus, our study shows the beneficial effects of gallic acid on brain metabolism in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic rats. A diet containing gallic acid may be beneficial to type II diabetic patients.     

微生态调节剂黄瓜香治疗细菌性阴道炎疗效观察

目的 观察微生态调节剂黄瓜香治疗细菌性阴道炎的疗效.方法 用黄瓜香提取液治疗细菌性阴道炎,治疗前后分别进行测阴道分泌物pH、做线索细胞和胺试验检查,进行总有效率评定.结果 经2种药物治疗后所有患者临床症状均明显减轻,治疗前后自身比较差异有显著性(P<0.01); 83%以上的患者呈现线索细胞转(-)、胺试验转(-) ,超过一半的患者阴道分泌物pH低于4.5;临床治疗总有效率分别为76.66%和79.4%%.2种药物组间比较治疗效果差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 阴道补充黄瓜香与使用甲硝唑治疗产生了相似的效果,有可能成为治疗细菌性阴道炎的新药.     

重构肠道菌群Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠造模血脂代谢变化及肝细胞线粒体超微结构观察

目的重构肠道菌群Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型脂类代谢变化比较,探讨肠道菌群潜在的调脂作用。方法将64只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、造模组、益生组和去污组。采用高糖高脂喂养,亚致病剂量（30mg／mL）链脲佐菌素腹腔一次性注射造模,分别于2周、4周后取腹腔主动脉血做血脂检测,同时处死大鼠取肝脏做电镜切片观察。结果注射4周后各组出现的胆固醇升高两两比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,LDL升高差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;益生组肝细胞线粒体受损明显;去污组血脂升高相对较轻,肝细胞内有大量脂肪堆积。结论益生菌对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胆固醇升高有一定改善作用,肝线粒体损伤较明显;去污染组损伤相对较轻,而脂肪堆积明显;提示糖尿病脂类代谢与肠道菌群密切相关。     

Protecting the heart through MK2 modulation,toward a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy and lipid metabolism

Various signaling pathways have been identified in the heart as important players during development, physiological adaptation or pathological processes. This includes the MAPK families, particularly p38MAPK, which is involved in several key cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism and survival. Disrupted p38MAPK signaling has been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as diabetes and its related complications. Despite efforts to translate this knowledge into therapeutic avenues, p38 inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to adverse effects. Inhibition of MK2, a downstream target of p38, appears to be a promising alternative strategy. Targeting MK2 activity may avoid the adverse effects linked to p38 inhibition, while maintaining its beneficial effects. MK2 was first considered as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid polyarthritis. A growing body of evidence now supports a key role of MK2 signaling in the pathogenesis of CVD, particularly ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and hypertension and that its inhibition or inactivation is associated with improved heart and vascular functions. More recently, MK2 was shown to be a potential player in diabetes and related complications, particularly in liver and heart, and perturbations in calcium handling and lipid metabolism. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the role of MK2 in p38MAPK-mediated signaling and the benefits of its loss of function in CVD and diabetes, with an emphasis on the roles of MK2 in calcium handling and lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.     

The effects of chromium picolinate on glucose and lipid metabolism in running rats

BackgroundChromium picolinate (CrPic) is commonly used to reduce muscle fatigue after exercise. We aimed to elucidate the effects of CrPic on glucose and lipid metabolism and the expression of glucose transporters in exercised rats.MethodsForty-two male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were distributed into six groups (n = 7) as follows: Control, CrPic, Chronic Exercise (CEx), CEx + CrPic, Acute Exercise (AEx), and AEx + CrPic. CEx consists of 30 m/min, 30 min/day, and 5 days/week for 6 weeks. CrPic was supplemented at 400 μg elemental Cr/kg of diet for 6 weeks. In the AEx groups, animals were run on the treadmill at 30 m/min until exhaustion.ResultsCEx significantly lowered blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, but elevated insulin concentration (IC), compared with control (P < 0.05). CEx significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum, liver, and muscle while AEx elevated it (P < 0.001 for all). CrPic significantly decreased BG, TC, TG levels, and increased IC with a remarkable effect in CEx rats (P < 0.01). CrPic also significantly reduced serum, liver, and muscle MDA levels (P < 0.001). Both AEx and CEx increased the expression of liver glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) and muscle GLUT-4 with the highest level in CEx rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, CrPic supplementation significantly elevated GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 expressions in the liver and muscle of sedentary and exercise-treated rats (P < 0.05).ConclusionCrPic improves various metabolic parameters and reduces oxidative stress in CEx and AEx rats by decreasing BG, TC, TG, MDA levels in serum and elevating GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 expression in the liver and muscle samples. The efficacy of CrPic was more pronounced in CEx rats.