Effect of a subgingival chlorhexidine chip on the clinical parameters and the levels of alkaline phosphatase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis

The main therapeutic approaches for inflammatory periodontal diseases include the mechanical treatment of root surfaces. Multi-center clinical trials have demonstrated that the adjunctive use of a chlorhexidine (CHX) chip is effective in improving clinical results compared to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone. However, some recent studies failed to confirm these clinical results, nor have any data been reported regarding the capability of the CHX chip in affecting the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This enzyme has been related to a condition of destructive activity of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to provide further data on the clinical and biochemical effects of CHX chips when used as an adjunct to SRP. Eighty-two systemically healthy patients, aged 31-63, with moderate and advanced periodontitis were recruited from the departments of Periodontology of the University of Chieti. In each patient 2 experimental sites, located in two symmetric quadrants, were chosen with a probing depth of > or = 5 mm and bleeding on probing. The 2 sites were selected randomly at the split-mouth level; control sites received SRP alone, and test sites SRP plus 1 CHX chip. Clinical indices, including probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the ALP activity in GCF were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months. Alkaline phosphatase activity was assayed spectrophotometrically. The PPD and CAL were significantly lower at 6 months as compared to the baseline scores in both treatments (p less than 0.01). The PPD reduction was 2.7 mm in the CHX+SRP group and 1.9 mm in the SRP alone group. The CHX+SRP group showed a significantly greater gain of clinical attachment (mean: 1.4 mm) in comparison with the SRP group (mean: 0.9; p less than 0.05). No differences were observed in the decrease of the percent of BOP-positive sites between the experimental groups. Conversely, the CHX+SRP group underwent a significantly greater decrease (p less than 0.01) of the GCF-ALP activity 6 months after treatment in comparison with the SRP alone group. The adjunctive use of the CHX chip resulted in a significant improvement of pocket reduction and clinical attachment gain as compared with SRP alone. These results were concomitant with a significantly greater reduction of the GCF-ALP activity levels.     

全髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折患者的临床疗效评价及对血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6的影响

目的:分析全髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折患者的临床效果及对血清骨保护素(OPG)、骨钙素(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的影响。方法:选择我院2014年3月~2016年3月收治的102例股骨颈骨折患者,按抽签法分为对照组与研究组,每组各51例。对照组采用半髋关节置换术治疗,研究组采用全髋关节置换术治疗。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后Harris评分、血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平的变化及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组的优良率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组Harris评分、血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平均较治疗前显著上升,且研究组Harris评分显著高于对照组(P0.05),而两组OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:全髋关节置换术用于股骨颈骨折的临床效果肯定,虽可引起血清OPG、BGP、ALP、CRP、IL-6水平上升,但未增加手术风险。     

ERCP术与腹腔镜手术治疗胆总管结石的疗效对比及对血清AST、ALT、ALP的影响

目的:探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)与腹腔镜手术治疗胆总管结石的疗效对比及对血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的影响。方法:选择2017年4月到2018年4月我院接诊的胆总管结石患者50例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=26)和对照组(n=24),对照组使用腹腔镜手术治疗,观察组采用ERCP取石术治疗。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、住院时间、血清AST、ALT、ALP水平变化情况、术后胃肠道恢复时间及术后不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者手术时间高于对照组,(P0.05),术中出血量、术后下床时间及住院时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);手术前,两组患者血清AST、ALT、ALP水平无明显差异;治疗后,两组患者血清AST、ALT、ALP水平均明显上升(P0.05),且观察组患者血清AST、ALT、ALP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、排便时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗期间,观察组患者不良反应总发生率为7.69%,显著低于对照组的29.17%(P0.05)。结论:在胆总管结石患者中应用ERCP取石术效果显著,对患者血清血清AST、ALT、ALP影响较小,值得推广与运用。     

Global Metabolomic Analysis of Human Saliva and Plasma from Healthy and Diabetic Subjects,with and without Periodontal Disease

Recent studies suggest that periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are bi-directionally associated. Identification of a molecular signature for periodontitis using unbiased metabolic profiling could allow identification of biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of both diabetes and periodontal disease. This cross-sectional study identified plasma and salivary metabolic products associated with periodontitis and/or diabetes in order to discover biomarkers that may differentiate or demonstrate an interaction of these diseases. Saliva and plasma samples were analyzed from 161 diabetic and non-diabetic human subjects with a healthy periodontium, gingivitis and periodontitis. Metabolite profiling was performed using Metabolon''s platform technology. A total of 772 metabolites were found in plasma and 475 in saliva. Diabetics had significantly higher levels of glucose and α-hydroxybutyrate, the established markers of diabetes, for all periodontal groups of subjects. Comparison of healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis saliva samples within the non-diabetic group confirmed findings from previous studies that included increased levels of markers of cellular energetic stress, increased purine degradation and glutathione metabolism through increased levels of oxidized glutathione and cysteine-glutathione disulfide, markers of oxidative stress, including increased purine degradation metabolites (e.g. guanosine and inosine), increased amino acid levels suggesting protein degradation, and increased ω-3 (docosapentaenoate) and ω-6 fatty acid (linoleate and arachidonate) signatures. Differences in saliva between diabetic and non-diabetic cohorts showed altered signatures of carbohydrate, lipid and oxidative stress exist in the diabetic samples. Global untargeted metabolic profiling of human saliva in diabetics replicated the metabolite signature of periodontal disease progression in non-diabetic patients and revealed unique metabolic signatures associated with periodontal disease in diabetics. The metabolites identified in this study that discriminated the periodontal groups may be useful for developing diagnostics and therapeutics tailored to the diabetic population.     

创伤性骨折血清ALP、OPG表达与Th1/Th2平衡的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨创伤性骨折血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨保护素（OPG）表达与辅助性T细胞1（Th1）/辅助性T细胞2（Th2）平衡的相关性。方法：选取我院2019年2月到2022年12月收治的80例创伤性骨折患者作为研究对象,将其分为观察组,另选取同期来我院体检的80名健康志愿者作为对照组。抽取观察组患者入院后第二天清晨空腹静脉血和对照组清晨空腹静脉血,检测ALP、OPG、Th1、Th2表达水平,并分析血清ALP、OPG表达与Th1/Th2平衡的相关性。术后12个月后对观察组80例患者进行随访,依照患者骨折愈合程度将其分为骨折愈合组（n=54）和延迟愈合组（n=26）,对比两组患者临床一般情况与ALP、OPG、Th1/Th2表达水平,并分析创伤性骨折患者骨折愈合情况影响的多因素。结果：观察组与对照组ALP、OPG表达与辅助性T细胞水平对比差异显著,观察组ALP、OPG、Th2水平明显高于对照组,Th1、Th1/Th2水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关分析结果表明：血清ALP、OPG与Th1/Th2平衡呈负相关（P<0.05）;骨折愈合组和延迟愈合组患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、Th2对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,两组患者BMI、合并感染ALP、OPG、Th1、Th1/Th2水平对比差异显著（P＜0.05）;对上述单因素分析具有统计学差异指标进行赋值,多因素分析结果表明：ALP、OPG、Th2、Th1/Th2为影响创伤性骨折患者骨折愈合情况的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：创伤性骨折的发生会导致ALP、OPG水平升高,Th1/Th2平衡改变,患者血清ALP、OPG水平与Th1/Th2平衡关系具有明显相关性。另外,ALP、OPG、Th1、Th1/Th2水平变化可影响创伤性骨折患者术后骨折愈合水平。因此,临床上对于ALP、OPG水平升高,且Th1/Th2失衡患者需警惕骨折愈合不良的发生。     

Lycopene solid lipid microparticles with enhanced effect on gingival crevicular fluid protein carbonyl as a biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with chronic periodontitis

Abstract

Lycopene (LP), a naturally occurring carotenoid in red-coloured fruits, especially tomatoes, has a pivotal role in counteracting the deleterious effect of oxidative stress on periodontal tissues. The aim of this study is to prepare solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) encapsulating LP and to assess their biochemical and clinical effects in the management of chronic periodontitis. Optimization of SLMs was performed by assessing particle size and LP entrapment efficiency. Clinical study included 16 chronic periodontitis patients allocated into two groups, Group I was managed by scaling and root planing (SRP) and local delivery of LP loaded SLMs, while Group II was managed by SRP only. Protein carbonyl (PC) levels as a biomarker of oxidative stress and drug concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed at different time intervals. Results revealed that optimum formula of SLMs had a particle size of 77.28 µm and entrapped 98.03% of LP. SLMs recorded 30 d of drug release with no burst effect. Patients treated with LP SLMs showed significantly lower levels of PC after SRP compared to those treated with SRP only, in addition to improvement in the measured clinical parameters. In conclusion, locally delivered LP SLMs along with SRP could have a protective effect over periodontal tissues and it has the ability to decrease oxidative damage of proteins in diseased periodontium.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺聚桂醇注射液与无水乙醇硬化治疗单纯性肝囊肿的疗效对比研究

目的:探讨并对比超声引导下经皮穿刺聚桂醇注射液与无水乙醇硬化治疗单纯性肝囊肿的疗效。方法:选择2014年5月至2016年9月我院收治的60例单纯性肝囊肿患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组。实验组30例在超声引导下给予聚桂醇注射液进行硬化治疗,对照组30例在超声引导下给予无水乙醇进行硬化治疗。比较两组患者临床有效率、不良反应发生率;于术前及术后24 h检测并对比两组患者血常规指标水平;于术前、术后1周及术后1月检测并对比两组患者总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)及白蛋白(ALB)。结果:实验组总有效率为93.33%,对照组总有效率为90.00%,两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术前、术后24 h两组各项血常规指标对比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前相比,术后1周实验组患者血清TBIL、ALT、AST、ALP、CHE及ALB均无明显变化(P0.05),对照组患者血清ALT和AST升高(P0.05)。与术后1周相比,术后1个月实验组患者血清ALT、ALP降低,CHE升高(P0.05),对照组ALT、AST及ALP降低,CHE升高(P0.05)。术后1周实验组患者血清ALT和AST水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),TBIL、ALP、CHE及ALB均无明显差异(P0.05);术后1月实验组患者血清ALT水平明显低于对照组,ALB水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),TBIL、AST、ALP及CHE均无明显差异(P0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为16.67%,低于对照组的30.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声引导下经皮穿刺聚桂醇注射液与无水乙醇治疗单纯性肝囊肿均具有较好的疗效,但聚桂醇注射液作为硬化剂的不良反应率明显低于无水乙醇,对肝功能的损伤也较无水乙醇小。因此对于单纯性肝囊肿的硬化治疗,聚桂醇注射液是一种安全有效的硬化剂,值得在临床上推广。     

清肝降压胶囊联合厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者血清脂联素，VEGF及Hcy水平的影响

目的:探讨清肝降压胶囊联合厄贝沙坦治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效。方法:收集2014年3月-2016年3月我院收治的86例高血压患者,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组43例。对照组患者采用硝苯地平缓释片治疗,研究组患者采用清肝降压胶囊联合厄贝沙坦治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、血清脂联素(Adiponectin)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及血管内皮生成因子(VEGF)水平的变化情况,以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后SBP及DBP水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗后SBP及DBP更接近于正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清脂联素水平均升高,而VEGF及Hcy水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗后血清脂联素水平较高,而VEGF及Hcy水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:清肝降压胶囊联合厄贝沙坦治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效显著,能够升高患者血清脂联素水平,同时降低血管内皮生长因子和同型半胱氨酸水平,值得临床推广应用。     

Measurement of salivary resistin, visfatin and adiponectin levels

Hormonal determination in saliva offers several advantages. Peptides enter the salivary glands either by active transport mechanisms or are expressed and secreted by the salivary glands themselves. The collection of saliva is a noninvasive, easily repeatable and less stressful technique than blood withdrawal. The purpose of the present study was to introduce a method for measuring salivary resistin, visfatin and adiponectin levels and to evaluate their associations with serum levels. Resistin, visfatin and adiponectin levels were measured in serum and saliva of 50 healthy adult volunteers (17 male and 33 female) using commercial enzyme immunoassay kits for serum with minor modifications. The present study documented the determination of resistin and adiponectin levels in saliva and the significant correlation of salivary levels with serum levels (r=0.441, p<0.01 and r=0.347, p<0.05, respectively). Moreover, the identification of visfatin in saliva was achieved, but no significant correlation with serum visfatin levels was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the determination of resistin and visfatin in saliva and the significant correlation of salivary resistin with serum levels, while it confirmed the significant association between salivary and serum adiponectin. The introduction of salivary determinations of adipokines could contribute to the elucidation of the physiology and the role of the specific adipokines in various clinical conditions (obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, reproduction, energy imbalance and stress response).     

The effect of systemic Isotretinoin on salivary tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 and salivary flow rate in periodontal disease

AimsTo evaluate and compare changes in salivary flow rate and salivary levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in individuals taking oral Isotretinoin (INN) with those who do not take INN. To assess the variation in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as well as salivary flow rate observed at different stages of periodontal disease in comparison to those observed in the case of healthy periodontium.Materials and methodsAn examiner-blind case-control study involving 180 human adults divided into six groups based on their periodontal status. Clinical parameters, including pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were measured at six sites per tooth. Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all subjects to evaluate salivary flow rate (SFR). Salivary TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Software. The Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-tests were employed to verify any significant differences between the groups for all parameters. Multi-regression analysis was performed for each parameter tested in each group. All tests were compared at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsSFR was statistically significantly lower among all INN groups in comparison to the control groups (P < 0.001). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly higher in all INN groups in comparison to the control groups, in both gingivitis cases (P = 0.004, P < 0.0001 respectively) and periodontitis cases (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAlthough INN reduces salivary flow rate, the findings of the present study revealed that it had an anti-inflammatory effect in periodontal biomarkers. Specifically, it was positively correlated with an elevation of salivary TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Hence, INN might be a future additive medication to be further evaluated for the treatment of periodontal diseases.     

Intramedullary implants coated with cubic boron nitride enhance bone fracture healing in a rat model

BackgroundBoron nitride is a biocompatible and an osteo-inductive material for orthopedic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different allotrope boron nitride coated implants, cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride, on fracture healing.MethodsIn this experimental study, a total of 24 rats were divided into three groups. Group A was the control group with Kirschner wire without coating, while the wires were coated dominantly by cubic boron nitride in Group B and hexagonal boron nitride in Group C. Then a mid-third femoral fracture was created. The fracture healing was examined in terms of new bone formation with micro-CT analysis and histopathological examination, quantitative measurement of bone turnover metabolites and scintigraphic examination of osteoblastic activity on 28th day post fracture.ResultsMicro-CT measurement results revealed a statistically significant increase in bone volume/tissue volume ratio and bone surface values in group B compared to group A. Cortex diameter and osteoblast counts were statistically higher in group B compared to group A. Inflammatory response was increased in group C compared to groups A and B. Biochemical test results showed significantly increased alkaline phosphatase levels and decreased osteocalcin levels in group B compared to group A. The increase in serum phosphorus and decrease in serum calcium levels was statistically significant in group C compared to Group A.ConclusionBoth types of boron nitride coating had superior fracture healing features compared to control group. Therefore, c-BN coating can accelerate the fracture healing and could lead to shorten of union time.     

Treatment of periodontal disease using xanthan based chlorhexidine gel

People of all ages are suffering from periodontal disease. It causes indirect damage in the oral cavity. It is of interest to evaluate the efficacy of xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel (Xan-CHX) in patients with mild-severe chronic periodontitis. Five patients with 60 sites were divided in two groups. Group A (treated with SRP) and group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL). The recorded clinical parameters were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), and Clinical attachment Level (CAL) with sub gingival plaque subjected to microbial analysis. Significant reduction was observed in both groups. However, group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL) showed statistically significant improvement on above mentioned parameters as compared to group A. Data suggest that in the treatment of periodontal disease (viz. PI, GI, BI and CAL) combination of SRP and Chlosite showed added benefits over only SRP.     

Detection of Streptococcus anginosus from saliva by real-time polymerase chain reaction

AIMS: The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the salivary levels of Streptococcus anginosus in periodontitis patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The salivary levels of Strep. anginosus were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Streptococcus anginosus was detected in 28 of 37 (75.6%) of periodontitis patients and in three of the 20 (15%) healthy subjects. The mean values for bleeding on probing and probing depth in positive patients were statistically higher than those in negative patients. A significant decrease in Strep. anginosus levels was observed after periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although the levels of Strep. anginosus are extremely low, they may reflect the status of periodontal health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Real-time PCR is a useful method for obtaining the relative quantities of Strep. anginosus from saliva samples and for monitoring the effect of therapy.     

二氧化碳噬纤维菌在牙周炎、牙龈炎患者及健康人口腔中分布的研究

为了解Capno菌与牙周病的关系,本实验分别对25例成人牙周炎、17例牙龈炎患者以及153名健康人(36名儿童,34名青年,49名老年人及34名与牙周病患者对照研究的健康成人)的龈上菌斑、龈下菌斑和唾液标本中的Capno菌的检出结果进行了统计学分析。研究表明:Capno菌在牙周炎、牙龈炎患者及健康人的菌斑及唾液中的检出率无差异(P>0.05),认为该菌是口腔的正常菌群之一。Capno在健康人菌斑中的检出率以儿童、青年为高,可能是青少年口腔中的优势菌群之一。     

去卵巢大鼠血清和骨髓细胞碱性磷酸酶水平变化的动态观察

目的：动态观察去卵巢大鼠血清和骨髓细胞碱性磷酸酶（ ALP）水平的变化。方法将80只3月龄雌性SD大鼠按体重分层后随机分为基础组以及假手术和去卵巢3、6、12、24周组。分别在手术前（0）和手术后3、6、12、24周腹主动脉取血处死各组大鼠,分离血清,制备骨髓细胞甩片,用721分光光度计检测血清ALP水平的变化;用显微镜计数骨髓细胞甩片ALP阳性染色细胞的数目。结果在假手术组大鼠中,血清ALP水平在手术后3周显著上升并持续到手术后6周,但在手术后12周开始显著下降并持续到手术后24周;骨髓细胞ALP阳性染色细胞数目在手术后3周显著上升并持续到手术后12周,但在手术后24周却显著下降。在去卵巢组大鼠中,血清ALP水平在手术后3周显著上升,到手术后6周开始显著下降并一直持续到手术后24周;骨髓细胞ALP阳性染色细胞数目在手术后3周显著下降并持续到手术后24周。从手术后3周开始,去卵巢组大鼠血清ALP水平均显著高于假手术组大鼠,但骨髓细胞ALP阳性染色细胞数目均显著低于假手术组大鼠。结论假手术组大鼠血清和骨髓细胞ALP水平变化趋势基本相似,但去卵巢大鼠血清和骨髓细胞ALP水平变化趋势不同。     

Relationship of serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase with dry mouth feeling in menopause

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00619.x Relationship of serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase with dry mouth feeling in menopause Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase of menopausal women with/without dry mouth (DM) feeling. Background: The composition of saliva in menopause women with/without DM feeling is different. Some of these differences are in hormones that are related to bone turnover. Methods: A case–control study was carried out on 60 selected menopausal women aged 45–79 years with or without DM feeling (30 as case, 30 as control), conducted at the Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The phosphorus concentration was measured by photometrical measurement of the blue colour formed after the addition of ammonium molybdate and stannous chloride; calcium was measured by Arsenazo reaction; and alkaline phosphatase by the pNPP‐AMP method. Statistical analysis of Student’s t‐test was used. Results: The mean serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, stimulated and unstimulated saliva calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in the menopausal women suffering from DM. There were no significant differences between groups regarding saliva phosphorus and serum calcium concentration. Conclusion: Calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase appear associated with DM feeling in menopause.     

Susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum to killing by peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination in buffer solution and in human whole saliva

Some Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with the infection of tooth supporting tissues, i.e. periodontitis. Of these bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum is sensitive to lactoperoxidase/myeloperoxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide system in vitro, but salivary concentrations of thiocyanate abolishes the bactericidality. These bacteria are located in periodontal pockets, on oral mucosa and in saliva. Although F. nucleatum most probably does not belong to the group of main periodontal pathogens, it sustains its proportion in the periodontal flora when gingivitis progresses to periodontitis. In this study, the sensitivity of F. nucleatum to different horseradish peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combinations was tested both in buffer and in sterilized human whole saliva. Horseradish peroxidase was chosen because it does not bind thiocyanate at pH > or = 6. After 1h incubation at 37 degrees C, the cell viability was estimated by plate count and with flow cytometer using LIVE/DEAD BacLight kit (Molecular Probes, USA). In saliva, the horseradish peroxidase (50 microg/mL)-iodide (2.5 mM)-hydrogen peroxide (2.5 mM) combination decreased the amount of viable bacteria to 37% compared to 85% in the control without any of the components when measured with flow cytometer. Replacement of buffer by saliva decreased the bactericidality of the peroxidase system. However, in buffer less iodide and hydrogen peroxide was needed to produce significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria when measured by plate count than with flow cytometer. Our study shows that horseradish peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination is able to kill F. nucleatum cells in saliva. Horseradish peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination may be useful to diminish the degree of re-colonization of periodontitis-associated bacteria after periodontal therapy and to inhibit the transmission of these bacteria via saliva.     

Age- and diapause-related acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the intestine and malpighian tubules of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)

Specific activities for soluble (s) and membrane (m)-bound acid (ACP) and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) were determined in the midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules for developing, prediapausing, and diapausing adult Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). High ACP activities were found in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules while high ALP activities were found in the Malpighian tubules. Variation in both ACP and ALP activities in each tissue reflects fluctuation in protein synthesis and secretion involved with digestion, excretion, and other unknown functions. Phosphatase activities in the tissues examined show the dynamic nature of diapause in this insect. Diapausing beetles showed increases in phosphatase activity after hormone treatments. JHA treatments increased s-ACP and m-ACP activities in all tissues but 20-HE did not increase activity in any tissue. Allatotropin tended to mimic the effects of JHA treatment. The s-ALP activity was also increased in all tissues whereas m-ALP was increased in the midgut and hindgut by JHA treatment. Malpighian tubule m-ALP activity was only increased by 20-HE treatments. Allatotropin was not as effective in increasing ALP activities as it was with ACP activities.     

Correlation of MCP-4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker of inflammation in obesity and chronic periodontitis

ObjectivesObesity is increasing in prevalence worldwide and has emerged as a strong risk factor for periodontal disease. Conversely, the remote effects of periodontal disease on various systemic diseases have been proposed. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of MCP-4 and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in obese and non-obese subjects with chronic periodontitis and to find a correlation between MCP-4 and hsCRP in GCF and serum.Materials and methodsForty subjects (20 males and 20 females) were selected and divided into four groups (10 subjects in each group), based on clinical parameters: group NOH (non-obese healthy), group OH (obese healthy), Group NOCP (non-obese with chronic periodontitis) and group OCP (obese with chronic periodontitis). The levels of serum and GCF MCP-4 were determined by ELISA and hsCRP levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry method.ResultsThe mean GCF and serum concentration of MCP-4 was highest for group OCP followed by group NOCP, group OH (in GCF); group OH, group NOCP(in serum) and least in group NOH. The mean hsCRP concentration was highest for group OCP followed by group OH, group NOCP and group NOH. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and GCF MCP-4 and hsCRP levels.ConclusionGCF MCP-4 concentrations increased in periodontal disease compared to health and correlated positively with the severity of disease indicating it as a novel marker of periodontal disease. The serum concentration of MCP-4 was found to be more in obese group as compared to nonobese group indicating it as a marker of obesity. Furthermore, based on the positive correlation of MCP-4 and hsCRP found in this study, it can be proposed that MCP-4 and hsCRP may be the markers linking chronic inflammation in obesity and periodontal disease.     

纤维调节素抑制脂多糖诱导性动物牙周炎的实验分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析纤维调节素抑制脂多糖诱导性大鼠牙周炎的效果与机制。方法：将健康雌性Wistar大鼠36只平分为三组-对照组、牙周炎组与纤维调节素组。对照组给予正常喂养,不给予任何干预;牙周炎组与纤维调节素组都给予建立脂多糖诱导性牙周炎模型,建模后2 w纤维调节素组每天给予纤维调节素80 mg/kg?d,牙周炎组给予等体积的生理盐水灌胃治疗,持续4 w。结果：牙周炎组与纤维调节素组治疗第2 w与第4 w的牙龈指数、探诊深度、牙槽骨吸收值高于对照组(P<0.05),纤维调节素组低于牙周炎组(P<0.05)。牙周炎组与纤维调节素组治疗第2 w与第4 w的血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)值高于对照组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)值低于对照组(P<0.05),牙周炎组与纤维调节素组对比差异也都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。牙周炎组与纤维调节素组治疗第2 w与第4 w的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-2(Src Homology Phosphotyrosyl Phosphatase 2,SHP-2)含蛋白相对表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05),纤维调节素组低于牙周炎组(P<0.05)。结论：纤维调节素可抑制脂多糖诱导性大鼠牙周炎的进展,抑制OCN与SHP-2蛋白的表达,促进ALP的表达,从而改善牙周炎大鼠的相关症状。