共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
青草鲢鳙四种鱼同工酶的比较研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
采用聚丙烯酰氨垂直板状连续电泳方法,对青草鲢鳙6种组织、10种同工酶和蛋白质进行了电泳研究,并结合作者以前做的工作,对所研究的共21种同工酶和蛋白质在4种鱼中的组织分布,位点表达及活性作了分析和总结。结果表明:4种鱼同工酶的种内组织分布差异大于种间差异;ADH、AMY、CAT、EST、ME、POX、SDH存在不同程度的种间差异,可作为种类的遗传标记;4种鱼MDH、GOT、ALP、AO、SOD同工酶谱非常相似,只在活性上略有差异;LDH、G6PDH和COX的酶谱特征可作为青草和鲢鳙两个亚科的鉴别标记。 相似文献
2.
清河水库鲢、鳙鱼种群动态研究Ⅰ.生产量的估计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文根据Robson-Chapman公式估算了清河水库鲢、鳙可捕群体的残存率,计算了非捕捞群体的残存率和种群生产量。清河水库非捕捞群体平均年残存率约为0.25,可捕群体的平均年残存率鲢为0.32、鳙为0.38。鲢、鳙鱼种群生产量分别为141和110kg/ha,种群年P/B系数分别为1.15和1.09。鲢、鳙鱼获量仅为其生产量的33%和34%,库存生物量的36%。 相似文献
3.
4.
鲢,鳙滤食器官结构与功能的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用扫描电镜和组织学等方法研究链,鳙滤食器官的结构,并观察,分析了滤食器官各部分的功能,结果表明,它们的鳃耙,腭褶和鳃耙管上皮部分布有味蕾和丰富的粘液细胞,鳙腭褶和鳃耙管上皮中味着细胞数量明显一多于鲢的,腭褶表皮上分布着排列有序的枕状突起,鲢可通过沉食途径和阻塞效应有效地摄食直径为3.2μm的小球藻,本文还通过对腭褶,鳃耙管及鳃耙在摄食活动中的运动方式的直接观察,分析了它们各自的主要功能。 相似文献
5.
鲢、鳙的食性及其对藻类的消化利用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过对青菱湖34尾刚起水的鲢、鳙食物团的检查,得鲢、鳙食物中浮游植物和浮游动物的数量比例分别为48.78:1和7.95:1;将其折算为生物量,则浮游植物与浮游动物之比,鲢为1:47.6,鳙为1:292.15,显示出两种鱼食物中的浮游动物生物量都大于浮游植物生物量。鉴于鳙所食的浮游动物的生物量大于鲢所食的6倍多,因此,仍可相对地认为鳙以食浮游动物为主,鲢以食浮游植物为主。滤食时,除了小于鲢、鳙鳃耙间隙的浮游生物被随水滤去外,从鲢、鳙所生活的水体中的浮游生物组成和它们肠管中的食物组成的一致性来看,它们对食物并无选择能力。此外,对鲢、鳙是否能够消化某些藻类,根据观察而获得了结果。 相似文献
6.
Qiong Zhou Ping Xie Jun Xu Zhi-Xin Ke Long-Gen Guo Te Cao 《Ecological Engineering》2009,35(11):1603-1609
This paper reports on seasonal changes in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of seston and muscle tissue of silver carp and bighead carp during 2004 and 2005, focusing primarily on the carbon sources and trophic relationships among phytoplankton, zooplankton and silver carp and bighead carp in a large fish pen of Meiliang Bay (Lake Taihu, China). δ13C showed a minimal value in March 2005 and a maximal value in August 2005 in seston both inside and outside the pen, whereas δ15N of seston showed the minimum in winter and the maximum during algal blooms. A positive correlation between δ13C of silver carp and that of seston suggested that temporal variation of δ13C in seston was preserved in fish via the food chain. The differences of δ13C among seston, zooplankton and muscle tissue of silver carp and bighead carp ranged only 0.2–1.7%, indicating that plankton production was the primary food source of filter-feeding fishes. According to a mass balance model, we estimated that the contributions of zooplankton to the diets of silver carp and bighead carp were 45.7% and 54.3%, respectively, based on the δ15N values of zooplankton and planktivorous fishes. 相似文献
7.
鲢、鳙在天然条件下的摄食强度(Ⅱ)武汉东湖鲢、鳙周年摄食强度的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
武汉东湖的鲢(Hypophthalmichthy molitrix)鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)在天然条件下摄食强度具季节性变化。摄食强度高峰处于夏季,低谷处于冬季。在实验条件下,按周年采样期间水温变化范围,测定鱼的肠管排空率。食物通过鱼肠管时间(Y_p—h)与水温(X_t—℃)的关系为: 鲢Y_p=270.63 X_t~(0.6408) 鳙Y_p=280.46 X_t~(0.6642) 根据修正后Bajkov公式(D=C (24.A)/n),估算鱼的日粮。鱼日粮(Y_D)与水温(X_t)关系为: 鲢Y_D=0.2683e~(0.1503X_t) 鳙Y_D=0.0075X_t~(2.2715) 计算鱼在天然条件下周年月粮及年粮。鲢、鳙对天然饵料年消耗量分别为18.924公斤及17.39公斤,饵料系数分别为18.02及13.38。 相似文献
8.
鳙鱼同工酶发育遗传学研究 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:18
采用淀粉或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析鳙鱼早期发育阶段(从未受精卵到卵黄吸尽期)及成体不同组织(脑、眼、心、肌、肾、肝)中六种同工酶(LDH,MDH,IDH,ADH,SDH,EST)的分化表达模式。鳙鱼同工酶基因的表达具有明显的组织特异性。早期发育阶段,ADH和SDH均无染色活性;LDH、MDH和IDH具有不同的发育变化谱式,而EST酶谱在整个早期发育阶段均无明显变化。与鲢、草鱼相比,鳙鱼早期发育过程中胚胎Ldh-A基因激活的时间被推迟。上述结果可为鳙鱼种群的生化遗传结构分析以及鳙鱼的人工育种提供基础资料。 相似文献
9.
10.
为了解消化道的菌群结构及影响因素, 用PCR-DGGE技术和序列分析调查投喂鲜活饵料(BI-L)和配合饲料(BI-C)的鳙肠道菌群, 和投喂鲜活饵料(PS-L, PI-L)和配合饲料(PS-C, PI-C)的匙吻鲟胃和肠道菌群。实验共回收测序16条DGGE条带, 系统发育分析显示鳙和匙吻鲟所有待测样本的优势菌为厚壁菌门(31.25%, 5条)。其他属于-变形菌纲(-Proteobacteria)(25%, 4条)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(12.5%, 2条)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)(12.5%, 2条)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)(6.25%, 1条)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(6.25%, 1条)、-变形菌门(-Proteobacteria)(6.25%, 1条)。不同饵料喂养的匙吻鲟肠道菌群具有较高的相似性(49%), 不同饵料喂养的鳙肠道菌群也具有较高的相似性(59%), 说明这些生态位中存在着更稳定成型的微生物群落。然而, 两组不同饵料喂养的匙吻鲟胃样本菌群之间存在相当大的差异, 表明匙吻鲟胃部菌群可能更易受到饵料的影响。 相似文献
11.
三种鱼的磷排泄及其在微型生态系统磷再循环中的作用 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
在考查罗非鱼或鲢、鳙下行影响的微型生态系统实验后期 ,对三种鱼的特定正磷酸盐 (PO4 P)排泄率进行了测定 ,并且估算了系统中实验鱼的PO4 P排泄率。结果表明 ,在个体大小相同的情况下 ,罗非鱼的特定PO4 P排泄率明显地高于链、鳙 ,似乎同它们的食物含磷量无关而由其体组织含磷量所决定 ;放养罗非鱼的系统中鱼的PO4 P排泄率比放养链、鳙的系统平均高 2倍多 ,其磷排泄对浮游植物的PO4 P供给率分别为 10 0 %— 15 8%和 6 1%—7 5 %。根据有鱼系统中PO4 P的供求关系和实验结束时磷分布的观测结果推断 ,沉积物的磷释放是系统中磷再生的主要途径 ,而实验鱼调节系统磷再循环的主要机制是排粪。 相似文献
12.
在主施氯化铵的混养池塘中鲢,鳙生长的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以鲢、鳙为主养鱼类的混养池塘中,在各种条件基本相同的情况下,设计了4种以氯化铵为氮源、1种以碳铵和尿素为氮源、1种以有机肥为肥源的追肥处理,旨在查明6种追肥处理对鲢、鳙生长的影响。试验结果表明:氯化铵能促进鲢、鳙快速生长;N与P_2O_5,的比为2:1时生长最佳。分析讨论了6种追肥处理池塘中鲢、鳙在不同养殖阶段的生长特点,并提出了进一步增产的措施。 相似文献
13.
50年来长江鲢、鳙形态特征的变迁(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用多元分析方法,对采自长江中游的上世纪中期(下称早期)和本世纪初(下称当前)的121尾1龄鲢、鳙的30项形态度量性状进行了分析。依据对判别贡献最大的5个参数所建立的判别公式,对鲢、鳙早期和当前群体的平均判别准确率分别达94.2%和98.%,显示鲢或鳙的当前与早期群体间在总体上存在着显著差异。单因素方差分析显示,在早期和当前群体间,鲢有12个特征差异极显著、8个差异显著,鳙分别有8个特征差异极显著或显著。其中,鲢和鳙的6个显著或极显著变大的特征参数集中在头部,而14个鲢和10个鳙的显著或极显著变小的特征参数则主要集中在躯干部与尾部。研究表明,最近50年来长江鲢、鳙的头及头部特征有相对变大的趋势,而躯干部与尾部的许多特征参数则有相对变小的趋势,这些形态演变趋势符合人们喜食鱼头、追求高经济效益的期望。 相似文献
14.
This paper studied the sources of food and the trophic levels of silver and bighead carps using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) analysis in Lake Qiandao and Lake Taihu. The δ13C values of POM and phytoplankton indicated that Particulate Organic Matter (POM) is of terrestrial origin in LQ and phytoplankton origin in LT. The different signature of δ15N of phytoplankton and POM also showed the different extent of anthropogenic impacts on the two lakes, with higher impacts in LT than in LQ. In LQ the trophic levels of silver and bighead carps were significantly different (2.48 ± 0.19 and 2.66 ± 0.19, respectively), while in LT the difference was not significant (2.15 ± 1.54 and 2.36 ± 0.38, respectively). Using a mixing model, we found that silver and bighead carps consumed a major proportion on phytoplankton and/or POM in both lakes with higher contribution of phytoplankton in more eutrophic lake. Silver and bighead carps had clear differentiation in food resources with silver carp more on POM and bighead more on zooplankton in deep and mesotrophic lakes. Contrary to this, both carps fed primarily on phytoplankton (and POM) and may have more niche overlaps in shallow and eutrophic lakes. 相似文献
15.
16.
为了分析五大连池鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)的生长情况,于2013和2014年在五大连池三池及二池随机采集223尾鳙样本,采用鳞片鉴定其年龄,退算体长、体重。同时采用von Bertalanffy生长方程分析了五大连池鳙体长、体重的生长规律。结果显示,鳙渔获物的平均体长、体重分别为54.61 cm和3 280.53 g,由3+~8+共6个年龄组组成,以5+龄个体为主,占总数的50.67%。五大连池鳙体长(L,cm)、体重(W,g)之间关系式为W=0.0289 L2.901(n=223,R=0.974)。体长、体重von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:Lt=97.619[1﹣e﹣0.140(ti﹣0.004)]和Wt=17113.260[1﹣e~(﹣0.140(ti﹣0.004))]2.901。鳙体长生长速度曲线无拐点,随着年龄的增加生长速度逐渐降低。体重的生长速度曲线具有拐点,拐点年龄为7.61龄,所对应的体长和体重分别为63.94 cm和5 012.82 g。采用生长特征指数?对比分析五大连池与其他水域鳙的生长,结果显示五大连池鳙的生长较为缓慢,栖息环境的水温、饵料生物密度是影响五大连池鳙生长的重要因素。有效提高鳙生长速度的关键措施在于降低放养密度。 相似文献
17.
Kobayashi M Nagahisa K Shimizu H Shioya S 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2006,73(3):549-558
Volatile compounds cause undesirable flavor when their concentrations exceed threshold values in beer fermentation. The objective of this study is to develop a system for controlling apparent extract concentration, which indicates the fermentation degree and which should be decreased below a targeted value at a fixed time under a constraint of tolerable amounts of volatile compounds. In beer fermentation, even though the production of volatile compounds is suppressed by maintaining a low fermentation temperature, a low temperature causes a delay in the control of apparent extract concentration. Volatile compound concentration was estimated on-line, and the simulation of apparent extract consumption and volatile compound production was performed. To formulate various beer tastes and conserve energy for attemperation, optimal temperature profiles were determined using a genetic algorithm (GA). The developed feedback control of the brewing temperature profile was successfully applied, and apparent extract and volatile compound concentrations at a fixed time reached their target concentrations. Additionally, the control technique developed in this study enables us to brew a wide variety of beers with different tastes. 相似文献
18.
通过对同一试验池中匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathala)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)胃肠道内含物的连续3次分析,揭示他们滤食的天然饵料生物组成及差异。首先根据物种鉴定结果对2种鱼的胃肠道内饵料生物组成进行了UPGMA聚类分析,结果显示:相同采样时间同一池塘内2种鱼饵料生物组成存在差异,分别聚为不同的分枝;分析匙吻鲟和鳙胃肠道内饵料生物种类时还发现不同采样时间前者枝角类和桡足类种类数均多于后者。同时对2种鱼胃肠道内各饵料生物的生物量进行分析,结果显示:当大型饵料生物充足时,枝角类和桡足类的生物量在2种鱼胃肠道内没有显著差异(P0.05);当大型饵料生物减少时,匙吻鲟摄食强度减小,但其枝角类和桡足类的生物量仍显著较大(P0.05);当大型饵料生物消失后,轮虫生物量在匙吻鲟胃肠道内显著增加 (P0.05);相比较,鳙在各采样期则主要滤食较小型的浮游动物和浮游植物。另外,当动物性饵料减少后,匙吻鲟和鳙均通过大量滤食植物絮团来补充能量。综上,同一试验池养殖的匙吻鲟和鳙存在摄食竞争压力,该压力的大小与环境中大型饵料生物的丰富度密切相关。 相似文献
19.
草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗罗非鱼肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活性的初步探讨 总被引:67,自引:0,他引:67
草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙肝胰脏和肠蛋白酶的最适pH值分别为8.7、8.7、7.6、7.6和8.4、8.7、8.0、8.4。草鱼、鲤和尼罗罗非鱼的肝胰脏蛋白酶活性比肠的高;鲢和鳙的肝胰脏蛋白酶的活性却比肠的低;尼罗罗非鱼胃的蛋白酶活性明显高于肝胰脏和肠的。草鱼、鲤和尼罗罗非鱼的肝胰脏蛋白酶活性明显高于鲢和鳙的;5种鱼的肠蛋白酶活性,鲤最高,尼罗罗非鱼最低,草鱼、鲢、鳙和尼罗罗非鱼间蛋白酶活性无明显差异。草鱼、鲤、鲢和尼罗罗非鱼的肠蛋白酶活性由前向后递减,而鳙的则以中肠活性最高。 相似文献
20.
The ectomycorrhizal fungus (Paxillus involutus) modulates leaf physiology of poplar towards improved salt tolerance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhi-Bin Luo Ke LiYing Gai Cornelia GöbelHenning Wildhagen Xiangning JiangIvo Feußner Heinz RennenbergAndrea Polle 《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2011,72(2):304-311
Ectomycorrhizas (EMs) are mutualistic associations between soil fungi and plant roots. Although the physical interaction occurs only in roots, mycorrhizas may alter the physiology of the whole plant, resulting in changes in host responses to abiotic stress. To elucidate the influence of an ectomycorrhizal fungus on leaf physiology and performance under salt stress, we analysed the levels of nutrient elements, phytohormones, carbohydrates, amino compounds and fatty acids in leaves of Populus × canescens. The poplars were cultivated either in the presence or absence of Paxillus involutus and either with or without salt stress imposed by 150 mM NaCl. Leaves of ectomycorrhizal plants displayed higher quantum yield of photochemistry (ΦPSII), increased concentrations of phosphorus and potassium, decreased concentrations of galactose, increased concentrations of the stress metabolite γ-amino butyric acid and a lower unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios than those of non-ectomycorrhizal plants. Salt exposure of P. × canescens led to leaf chlorosis and shedding, decreases in ΦPSII, K+-to-Na+ ratio, 9Z-hexadecenoic acid, 9Z-octadecenoic acid and unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio, and increases in ABA, glucose, fructose and some amino compounds. Under salinity leaves of ectomycorrhizal plants showed an alleviation of leaf chlorosis, improved water status, higher ΦPSII and K+-to-Na+ ratio, less accumulation of major amino compounds and lower unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratios than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. These results indicate that ectomycorrhizas attenuate salinity induced injury in leaves of P. × canescens, which may be ascribed to the improved nutrient status, osmo-regulation and changes in fatty acid composition in leaves of ectomycorrhizal plants. 相似文献