柱状田头菇(白杨树菇)中蛋白质的营养评价

柱状田头菇（白杨树菇）Agrocybe cylindracea(=Agrocybe aegerita)又名柳环菌、柳松茸。属伞菌目,田头菇属。该菇味道鲜,盖肥柄脆,气味香浓,是一种食药用价值很高的伞菌,但关于该菇的营养价值的研究,国内外未见报道。本文分析了柱状田头菇子实体的氨基酸组成,采用国际上通用的评价方法(FAO,1970),对其营养进行评价。 1材料与方法 1.1供试样品 采用棉籽壳料栽培的新鲜柱状田头菇子实体,采收后75℃烘干,粉碎后作分析样品。 1.2蛋白质测定 采用凯氏定氮法测定柱状田头菇子实体蛋白质 1.3氨基酸组成分析 采用日立835-50型自动分析仪…     

柱状田头菇生长发育中9种胞外酶活性的测定

柱状田头菇Agrocybe aegerita作为一种新开发的食用菌,越来越受到消费者的喜爱和研究者的关注,但在其栽培生产中遇到的产量相对较低的问题,一直未能得到很好的解决,致使柱状田头菇的栽培难以得到大规模的推广。本研究对不同来源的柱状田头菇在其6个不同生长发育阶段中,9种与培养料中主要组分分解相关的胞外酶活性的变化进行了测定,结果表明：柱状田头菇属褐腐菌,对非木质纤维素的利用能力最强,对纤维素的利用能力较强,对木质素的利用能力较差,但柱状田头菇具有漆酶活性。     

柱状田头菇生长发育中9种胞外酶活性的测定

柱状田头菇Ａｇｒｏｃｙｂｅ ａｅｂｅｒｉｔａ作为一种新开发的食用菌,越来越受到消费者的喜爱和研究者的关注,但在其栽培生产中遇到的产量相对较低的问题,一直未能得到很好的解决,致使柱状田头菇的栽培难以得到大规模的推广。本研究对不同来源的柱状田头菇在其６个不同生长发育阶段中,９种与培养料中主要组分分解相关的胞外酶活性的变化进行了测定,结果表明：柱状田头菇属褐腐菌,对非木质纤维素的利用能力最强,对纤维素的     

PEG介导的柱状田头菇遗传转化体系建立

柱状田头菇（茶树菇）Agrocybe aegerita是一种美味的食用菌,具有极高的经济价值。随着其全基因组测序的完成,功能基因组学研究也逐渐展开,其中,高效的遗传转化体系作为技术基础成为研究重点。本研究以柱状田头菇原生质体为受体、潮霉素抗性基因（hph）作为筛选标记,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因（egfp）为报告基因,应用PEG介导法进行柱状田头菇遗传转化体系研究。结果表明,150μg/mL潮霉素可以完全抑制柱状田头菇的生长。30℃下用2%裂解酶液酶解菌丝3h,能够获得最大得率的原生质体。通过PEG介导将构建好的DNA片段转化入柱状田头菇原生质体,通过潮霉素抗性筛选获得转化子,转化得率达到7个/μg DNA。PCR验证和荧光显微镜观察,外源片段成功转入柱状田头菇中并稳定表达。本研究建立的PEG介导转化体系,为柱状田头菇基因功能研究提供了技术基础。     

杨柳田头菇B交配型基因信息素受体片段的克隆与分析

利用简并PCR及DNA步移法,从杨柳田头菇Agrocybe salicacola YAASM0711菌株中扩增得到了一个4 231 bp的核酸片段.经过比对及序列预测,所获得序列中含有杨柳田头菇交配型编码基因中的信息素受体部分,其序列长度为1194 bp,包含4个内含子,5个外显子的长度分别为217 bp,113 bp,67 bp,138bp,449 bp.拼接后的ORF全长984 bp,编码327个氨基酸残基.该序列与灰盖鬼伞Coprinus cinerea、双色蜡蘑Laccaria bicolor信息素受体氨基酸序列较为相似,含有7个跨膜区.信息素受体遗传进化分析显示,其与多个物种信息素受体聚集在一起,可能与真菌信息素受体的多种起源有关.     

杨柳田头菇交配型因子与菌丝生长速度关系

以杨柳田头菇（Agrocybe salicacola）菌株711子实体为材料,经担孢子弹射,用稀释分离法获得224个单孢菌株,其中单核菌株210个,交配试验及单孢出菇证明其性遗传模式为四极异宗结合,4种交配型的比例为AxBx∶AxBy∶AyBx∶AyBy为47∶59∶53∶51。研究结果还表明,杨柳田头菇4种交配型的数量、比例与单孢萌发速度、生长速度相关,生长速度较慢的菌株基本上属于一种交配型,只有少数生长慢的菌株属于另外两种交配型。值得注意的是,尽管快（F）-慢（S）配对的异核体与快（F）-快（F）配对的异核体在YPD平板上生长速度无明显差别,但在聚丙烯栽培袋上F-S异核体的生长速度明显快于F-F异核体,这说明交配因子A和B与生长速度基因可能连锁,且存在重组现象,F-S交配的异核体在生长上有优势,可能是人工选择后交配因子亚基减少导致偏分离发生的原因。     

云芝、灵芝和柱状田头菇胞外多糖对果蝇寿命的影响

研究了云芝、灵芝、柱状田头菇等3种食药用真菌胞外多糖及复合多糖对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响.分别将3种食药用真菌胞外多糖及复合多糖以1、5g/L的剂量加入果蝇培养基中,观察对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响.结果表明,3种食药用真菌的胞外多糖及复合多糖对果蝇寿命均有不同程度的延长,云芝5g/L、柱状田头菇5g/L、云芝2.5g/L＋柱状田头菇2.5g/L、灵芝2.5g/L＋柱状田头菇2.5g/L对果蝇平均寿命延长率分别达到了36.38%、46.60%、36.69%、47.08%.     

柱状田头菇（茶薪菇）金属硫蛋白的分离纯化与特性研究

应用快速灌注色谱系统首次从经Cd^2 诱导的柱状田头菇(茶薪菇)Agrocybe Cylindracea(DC.:Fr:)R.Maoire菌丝体中分离得到一种镉结合蛋白。通过Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析,原子吸收光谱分析(AAS),巯基含量测定及紫外吸收光谱分析表明这种镉结合蛋白具有金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)的理化性质：即分子量为6kDa、每分子MT含18个半胱氨酸残基并结合7个镉原子、具有镉硫金属簇的特征紫外吸收光谱,初步鉴定为茶薪菇Cd—MT。     

柱状田头菇遗传转化体系启动子的筛选

柱状田头菇(茶树菇)Cyclocybe aegerita是一种美味的食用菌,具有很高的经济价值.构建高效表达的遗传转化体系,可以深入揭示其遗传特征及基因功能.以柱状田头菇YSG为实验材料,使用多片段重组克隆构建载体,PEG介导的原生质体转化,并以qRT-PCR为测定方法,对actin、gpd和Pumgpd不同长度5个启...     

中国小菇属四新记录

报道了中国小菇属4个新记录种,即香小菇Mycena adonis、黄小菇Mycena luteopallens、绿缘小菇Mycena viridimarginata和基盘小菇Mycena stylobates,并提供了详尽的形态描述和线条图。研究标本存放在鲁东大学菌物标本馆（HMLD）和吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

黑龙江省蜜环菌生物种的地理分布概况

自1999年至2002年间对黑龙江省境内几个主要林区中的蜜环菌生物种进行了调查、采集和鉴定,并对其寄主种类和子实体发生规律以及地理分布特点进行了总结分析。结果表明:黑龙江省境内至少存在5个蜜环菌生物种,即芥黄蜜环菌Armillaria sinapina,高卢蜜环菌A.gallica,黄盖蜜环菌A.luteopileata,奥氏蜜环菌A.ostoyae和中国生物种F;寄主包括10个针叶和阔叶树种;与其他几种蜜环菌生物种相比较,A.gallica是黑龙江省境内出现概率最大的一个生物种;根据采集经验发现,温度和湿度是影响子实体发生的主要因子。     

黑龙江省蜜环菌生物种的地理分布概况

自1999年至2002年间对黑龙江省境内几个主要林区中的蜜环菌生物种进行了调查、采集和鉴定,并对其寄主种类和子实体发生规律以及地理分布特点进行了总结分析。结果表明:黑龙江省境内至少存在5个蜜环菌生物种,即芥黄蜜环菌Armillaria sinapina,高卢蜜环菌A.gallica,黄盖蜜环菌A.luteopileata,奥氏蜜环菌A.ostoyae和中国生物种F;寄主包括10个针叶和阔叶树种;与其他几种蜜环菌生物种相比较,A.gallica是黑龙江省境内出现概率最大的一个生物种;根据采集经验发现,温度和湿度是影响子实体发生的主要因子。     

六道木属六道木组种间关系的AFLP分析和黄花六道木中国分布新记录的认定

用荧光标记AFLP技术对东亚产六道木属六道木组作了系统关系分析。我们采用 5对AFLP引物 ,对六道木属 9个物种 ,锦带花属和猬实属各 1个物种共 16份样品进行分析 ,共获得 988个位点。不同引物所获得的结果具有很高的相容性 ,Mantel相关系数为 0 72 5～0 919,说明AFLP技术适用于六道木属的种间关系分析。用邻接法 (neighbor joining)对 16个样品 988个位点的分析生成的系统树获得很高的自展分析 (bootstrap)支持率。树系图表明 ,猬实属与六道木属管花六道木组有密切的关系。在六道啪组内 ,温州六道木与糯米条的关系密切 ,单花六道木与大花六道木差异很小 ,黄花六道木与日本产的近缘种组成一单系分支。本文认定 ,根据形态特征鉴定浙江永嘉的标本为黄花六道木 (AbeliaserrataSieb .etZucc .)是正确的 ,属中国分布新记录。文章最后补充描述了中国产的黄花六道木。黄花六道木在中国的发现进一步证明中国植物区系与日本植物区系的密切关系。     

红富士苹果园酵母多样性研究

从北京顺义和山东泰安红富士苹果园采集果实、叶片、树皮和土壤等不同基物,分离酵母菌,利用26S rDNA的D1/D2区域序列分析并结合形态学特征和SSCP分析对这些菌株进行了分类学研究,探讨了苹果园酵母的物种多样性及其分布。北京苹果园共分离酵母菌129株,鉴定为13属21种,优势属为Pichia（4个种）,Cryptococcus（3个种）,Pseudozyma（3个种）,子囊菌占较大优势,分布于8属12种,占总种数的57.1%。山东苹果园共分离酵母291株,鉴定为13属26种,优势属为假丝酵母Candida（6个种）,毕赤酵母Pichia（4个种）和隐球酵母Cryptococcus（3个种）,并且子囊菌占较大优势,分布于7属17种,占总种数的65.4%。     

Application of the hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA sequence as an index for the rapid identification of species in the genus Alicyclobacillus

A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences of seven type strains belonging to different Alicyclobacillus species (i.e., five validated species, one proposed species and one genomic species) suggested that the 5' end hypervariable region (259-273 bases in length) of 16S rDNA was specific for the respective type strains. Further phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of the hypervariable region using 24 Alicyclobacillus strains revealed that the strains could be categorized into five species and the A. acidocaldarius-Alicyclobacillus genomic species 1 group. The hypervariable region was highly conserved among the five species: A. acidiphilus, A. acidoterrestris, A. cycloheptanicus, A. herbarius, and A. hesperidum. The strains in the A. acidocaldarius-Alicyclobacillus genomic species 1 group were subdivided into two clusters (Clusters I and II) based on DNA sequences in the hypervariable region. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strains in Cluster I were grouped as Alicyclobacillus genomic species 1 and strains in Cluster II were re-identified as A. acidocaldarius, thereby demonstrating that the hypervariable regions were also highly conserved within these two species. These results suggest that as is the case with Bacillus, the hypervariable region is significantly species-specific in the genus Alicyclobacillus to distinguish Alicyclobacillus species by DNA sequence comparison of the hypervariable region.     

秸秆覆盖免耕土壤真菌群落结构与生态特征研究

不同耕作方法土壤真菌群落结构和生态特征分析表明,翻耕0－10cm土层土壤真菌群落含有29种真菌,其中以Chrysosporium merdarium为优势种;翻耕10－20cm土层含有17种真菌,以Sterile black A为优势种：翻耕20－30cm土层含有10种真菌,其中以Chaetomium bostrychodes为优势种,铁茬0－10cm含16种真菌,其中Sterile black A是优势种;铁茬10－20cm土层含有26种真菌,优势种为Sterile black A;铁茬20－30cm含有14种真菌,其中Chaetomium bostrychodes为优势种,免耕0－10cm土层由23种真菌构成,Trichoderma viride和T.koningii为优势种,免耕10－20cm土层由14个种类构成,Talaromyces trachyspermus为优势种,免耕20－30cm土壤由9种真菌组成,其中Talaromyces trachypermus为优势种,免耕土壤真菌群落的多样性和均匀度指数均较高,主成分分析表明,土壤耕作形成了特征性的真菌区系。     

用RAPD和AFLP的方法对中国卤虫(Artemia)种及亲缘关系的研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ）和ＡＦＬＰ（扩增片段长度多态性）技术对不同种及种群卤虫的关系进行分析。 １０１个随机引物对４种卤虫Ａｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃａｎａ、Ａ ｕｒｍｉａｎａ、Ａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ和Ａ．ｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｌｉｃａ基因组ＤＮＡ进行扩增,平均每个种获得７５１条带,其中４５８条带为多态性标记,每个引物提供平均７４个标记信息,聚类结果表明Ａ．ｓｉｎｉｃａ是不同于其他旧大陆两性生殖卤虫的一个独立的种。对来自 １５个种及品系的卤虫的 ＡＦＬＰ分析显示了非常好的遗传多态性,采用 １２对引物检测到 ５９４条带,其中 ４８０个为多态性标记。聚类结果表明来自西藏的两性生殖卤虫为不同于中国内陆两性生殖卤虫的新种。而孤雌生殖卤虫在进化过程中可能是多源的,中国内陆和沿海的孤雌生殖卤虫是沿着不同的途径进化的,内陆和沿海的孤雌生殖卤虫可能为不同的种。     

Photosynthetic characteristics of invasive and noninvasive species of Rubus (Rosaceae)

The prolific amount of growth and reproduction in invasive plants may be achieved by greater net photosynthesis and/or resource-use efficiency. I tested the hypotheses that leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and resource-use efficiency were greater in two invasive species of Rubus as compared with two noninvasive species that have overlapping distributions in the Pacific Northwest. The invasive species had significantly higher photosynthetic capacity and maintained net photosynthesis (A) over a longer period of the year than the noninvasive species. The construction cost (CC) of leaf tissue per unit leaf mass was comparable among the four species, but the invasive species allocated less nitrogen (N) per unit leaf mass. On a leaf area basis, both leaf CC and N were higher for the invasive species. The specific leaf area (SLA) was also lower in the invasive species, indicating less photosynthetic area per gram leaf tissue. The invasive species achieved high A at lower resource investments than the noninvasive species, including having higher maximum photosynthetic rate (A(max)) per unit dark respiration (R(d)), greater A(max) per unit leaf N (photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency), and greater water-use efficiency as measured by instantaneous rates of A per unit transpiration (A/E) and by integrated A/E inferred from stable carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)C). Using discriminant analysis, these photosynthetic characteristics were found to be powerful in distinguishing between the invasive and noninvasive Rubus. A(max) and A/E were identified as the most useful variables for distinguishing between the species, and therefore, may be important factors contributing to the success of these invasive species.     

Seed storage protein variation in Arachis species.

Seventy-two accessions, representing 22 species from sections Arachis, Erectoides, Extranervosae, and Triseminalae of the genus Arachis, were screened for seed storage protein polymorphism. Variation was detected between sections, between genome types, between species, and in some cases between different accessions of the same species or different seeds of the same accession. Arachis duranensis and one accession of A. cardenasii were found to have identical protein patterns. The greatest dissimilarity was found between species of the section Extranervosae and species of the section Triseminalae. Those of section Erectoides showed much similarity with some species of section Arachis. Protein polymorphism was shown to distinguish the two subspecies of A. hypogaea (fastigiata and hypogaea) in 27 of 28 cases. The seed protein profile of A. monticola was a combination of seed protein profiles from the two A. hypogaea subspecies. The relatedness between the various species was calculated and those that had the greatest similarity with A. hypogaea were A. spegazzinii and A. batizocoi.     

A molecular approach to the phylogeny of Acanthamoeba

Isoenzyme electrophoresis of three different enzyme systems was used to compare 71 strains assigned to the 15 currently recognized species of Acanthamoeba. A phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of the zymograms indicated an arrangement of strains in 15 distinguishable lineages, but not all corresponding to current taxonomic assignments. Five of the groups corresponded to the recognized species A. castellanii, A. culbertsoni, A. griffini, A. lenticulata and A. royreba. But none of these groups consisted of only strains which had been previously assigned to each respective species. The type-equivalent strains for two species, A. hatchetti and A. tubiashi, were not closely aligned to any other strain and thus are considered to be monotypic. Strains of A. triangularis, A. astronyxis and A. palestinensis occurred together in a single group suggesting possible synonymy; however, on morphologic criteria, the strains assigned to these species are readily distinguishable. Strains assigned to A. polyphaga and A. rhysodes were interspersed throughout the other species groups. The strains of these two species were either misidentified or the species could not be recognized. Two groups previously not recognized as unique formed distinctive clusters which could be considered as new species. The analysis also made it possible to place strains which had previously been identified only to genus into species complexes. These results therefore suggest that previous criteria which have been used to classify Acanthamoeba are not adequate for fully resolving taxa at the species level.