共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Masayuki Nakamichi Shinji Imakawa Yasuo Kojima Ayuko Natsume 《Primates; journal of primatology》1992,33(3):413-418
Parturition behavior of a multiparous female and her interactions with group members throughout the birth process were recorded
for a free-ranging Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata). The female showed evidence of 18 contractions during the 35 min prior to delivery, with a mean duration and a mean intercontraction
interval of 30 sec and 96 sec, respectively. These values were similar to those in individually caged Japanese monkeys. Some
adult females remained in proximity to the female who was giving birth during the prepartum phase, and her 2-year-old daughter
watched the delivery of the infant. Even during the prepartum phase the female moved in order to keep up with the group which
traveled from the feeding site to a sleeping site in the forest. 相似文献
3.
The hair length of Japanese monkeys was investigated for a period of one year and the molting phenomenon was clarified. Nine
monkeys were employed in the study. The molting of the Japanese monkey was found to be of a seasonal type and occurred once
during the year. The molting continued for one to four months in each monkey. The hair of the Japanese monkeys was wholly
replaced during the period from April to August. The hair length was thus short in summer, and long in winter. Hair replacement
in pregnant females began after parturition and was generally later than that in other individuals. During molting, both new
and old hairs could be observed simultaneously in the same region of the body. The hair replacement ended around summer when
the hair became the shortest. The new hairs continued to grow after molting and became the longest towards autumn or winter.
Thus, the summer coat and the winter coat were essentially the same in the Japanese monkey. Such annual changes in the hair
of the Japanese monkey were considered to be suitable for the climate of Japan. 相似文献
4.
Haruhisa Inagaki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1985,26(3):334-338
The hair length of Japanese monkeys was investigated. The hair of the Japanese monkey is long on the back and the lateral
side of the upper arm and short on the back of the hand. There was variation in the length of hairs in the same region of
the body. The distribution of hair length approximated to a normal curve and did not display any marked bias or skewness.
The increase in length of hairs was remarkable from 0 to 1 year of age, and then continued at a constant rate. Sex differences
in hair length were not so remarkable at any age. 相似文献
5.
The characteristics of serial cross-sections of hairs collected from an adult male Japanese monkey were investigated. Cross-sections
were made of five to eight pieces per hair. The shapes of the cross-sections were elliptical or rounded on the whole. The
fibre indices of the sections ranged from 83 to 100. In particular, those of proximal (basal) sections were close to 100.
The hair diameter was 86.4 μ at maximum and 27.2 μ at minimum. A tendency was observed for the longer hairs to have thicker
diameters. The changes in thickness along the fibre shaft were slightly different in relation to hair length. The thickest
point was at around the middle of the fibre in the intermediate hair, somewhat towards the top of the central part in the
long hair, and somewhat towards the base in the short hair. The hair of the Japanese monkey, however, was considered to be
scanty in changes along the fibre shaft in comparison with many other animals. Medullae could scarcely be seen in the short
hair and in the terminal and proximal sections of all hairs. Their shapes in cross-section were not uniform and rough at the
margins. The fibre-medulla indices were generally less than 30 and smaller than those of many other mammals. Pigmentary granules
were observed in all sections examined. The granules were black-grey in sections of the black-grey coloured part and yellow
in the yellowish sections. They were dense in distal sections and scarce in sections close to the base. The cross-sectional
appearance of the thickest part of the long hair was considered to be useful for hair identification, since it was good in
pigmentation and medullation and relatively small fibre index. 相似文献
6.
Copulatory behavior unrelated to conception is sometimes observed in some non-human primates including the Japanese monkey.
In the present study, the authors examined whether a mature follicle or a newly formed fresh corpus luteum was observed in
the ovaries of female Japanese monkeys which displayed the copulatory behavior unrelated to conception.
Post-conception copulatory behaviors were observed in three out of four females usually kept in individual cages in an air-conditioned
room, and in two out of three females without infants kept in an outdoor group cage. However, neither a mature Graafian follicle
nor a fresh corpus luteum formed newly after conception was observed in any of these females by laparoscopic examinations
conducted immediately after termination of the copulatory behavior. In females with infants born in the preceding birth season,
copulatory behaviors were observed in three out of four females kept in the outdoor group cage, and in two out of four females
in a free-ranging troop. Ovulation was confirmed in one case out of the three kept in the outdoor group cage, but neither
a mature follicle nor a newly formed corpus luteum was observed in the remaining four females.
These findings suggest that copulatory behavior in the Japanese monkey is not always controlled by the development of a follicle
or ovulation in the ovary. 相似文献
7.
Methods of artificial insemination (AI) for indoor breeding in the Japanese monkey and the Cynomolgus monkey were investigated.
For the Japanese monkey AI was carried out in six females during the winter mating season and in six females during the summer
non-mating season. During the mating season, semen was inseminated near ovulation time in natural menstrual cycles. In the
mating season study, three females inseminated at the uterine cavity became pregnant. Three inseminated at the cervical canal
failed to become pregnant. For the non-mating season study, ovulation was induced artificially by PMSG and hCG and AI was
carried out near the induced ovulation time. In the non-mating season, no animals became pregnant. Of four Cynomolgus monkeys
used, pregnancy occurred in two animals inseminated near ovulation time in natural menstrual cycles. AI occurred at the uterine
cavity in one and cervical canal in the other. In both species ovulation was verified by laparoscopy. Semen was collected
by penile electro-stimulation then diluted to 2.5 to 5.0×107/ml with Whitten's medium. Diluted semen of 0.2l was inseminated at the uterine cavity or cervical canal. Our results indicate
the usefulness of vaginal AI as a method of artificial indoor breeding. 相似文献
8.
Shin-Ichi Hayama Rika Akamatsu Mayumi Kishimoto Masatsugu Suzuki Hideo Nigi 《Primates; journal of primatology》1988,29(3):423-426
Diverticular disease of the colon was detected in a female Japanese monkey by X-ray examination. The monkey was 15 years old
and had been kept under captive conditions for nine years. Lack of appetite and activity, and constipation were observed.
The monkey was given fiber-rich vegetables and wild plants, and its appetite and activity then improved. Based on a consideration
of various factors, it is suggested that one possible cause of the diverticulosis in this case was a low dietary fiber intake. 相似文献
9.
Shoji Itakura 《Primates; journal of primatology》1987,28(3):343-352
Two male Japanese monkeys used a mirror to inspect an object attached to their bodies but not directly visible. These monkeys
had been trained previously to use a mirror to guide their hand to a target. In Experiment 1 their behavior in the presence
of a mirror was observed. In Experiment 2 the monkeys used the mirror to locate a picture projected on a screen to the left
or right rear side of the cage. In Experiment 3 the monkeys used a mirror to observe and finally grasp an object attached
behind their heads. Two monkeys who were not trained to use a mirror to obtain an otherwise hidden object did not show such
behavior. 相似文献
10.
Shoji Itakura 《Primates; journal of primatology》1987,28(2):149-161
Two male Japanese monkeys were trained to use a mirror to reach an object that could not be seen directly. Training to use
a mirror in this way proceeded, step-by-step, from reaching a piece of apple to key-tracking. In Experiment 1 the monkeys
were trained to use the mirror to locate a desired object, a piece of apple in a box facing the mirror, which could be seen
only by looking into the mirror. The apple, once located, however, could be grasped without further reference to the mirror.
This behavior is referred to as mirror mediated object discrimination. In subsequent experiments the monkeys could not reach
the goal object except by observing it and his hand movement in the mirror. In Experiment 2 the target was a piece of apple
visible in the mirror, in Experiment 3 an illuminated key and in Experiment 4 a series of keys which were illuminated sequentially.
Mirror guided behavior such as shown in Experiment 2, 3, and 4 has not previously been demonstrated in monkeys. 相似文献
11.
J A Teare 《Journal of wildlife diseases》1987,23(2):301-305
The mean time to arousal (MTA), the mean time to sternal recumbency (MTSR) and the mean time to walking (MTW) were measured in 10 adult guineafowl (Numida meleagris) immobilized with a combination of xylazine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg). Yohimbine hydrochloride, given intravenously (1 mg/kg) at 40 min after the injection of the xylazine-ketamine, significantly shortened the MTA, the MTSR and the MTW compared to saline controls. Increasing the dosage of yohimbine to 2.5 mg/kg did not shorten recovery when compared to the lower dosage. No adverse effects were noted at either dosage of yohimbine. Yohimbine appeared to be a safe and effective antagonist of xylazine-ketamine immobilization in guineafowl and may prove useful in other avian species to produce more rapid recovery from xylazine-ketamine immobilization, xylazine sedation or xylazine overdosage. 相似文献
12.
The hair density of free-ranging Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) living in three different areas was investigated. The Japanese monkeys had thicker hair than other macaques. The hair density
in the Japanese monkeys varied with locality: the northern monkeys had thicker hair than the southern ones. The density did
not vary markedly with age up to 3 years of age, but then decreased gradually up to adult age (≧7 years old). The remarkable
growth of the trunk suggested that the total number of hairs increased with age, especially during the period as a juvenile. 相似文献
13.
Immobilization of white-tailed deer with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fourteen penned and 17 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Rafinesque) were singularly or repeatedly immobilized with 100 mg xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) and 300 mg ketamine HCl. The mean times from intravenous injection to ambulation for 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg body weight doses of tolazoline HCl were 13.5, 10.5, and 9.2 min. Deer not receiving tolazoline HCl recovered in an average of 168 min. Heart rates significantly (P less than 0.001) increased from 47 to 83 beats/min after tolazoline HCl administration, representing a return to normal rate. Tolazoline HCl had no effect on respiratory rate. A total of 85 reversals with tolazoline HCl resulted in no apparent adverse reactions. 相似文献
14.
15.
It has been reported that Japanese monkeys pull out and eat underground parts of plants, but they do so only a little and
occasionally. The authors observed that wild Japanese monkeys in the mountains area near Hinohara Village ate underground
plant-parts as one of the main components of their diet and they spent a lot of time digging for them. From information obtained
from local old people, it appears that they have exhibited this behavior for many years as part of their feeding repertoire. 相似文献
16.
Immobilization of free-ranging African lions (Panthera leo) with a combination of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The combination of 55 mg/ml xylazine hydrochloride and 200 mg/ml ketamine hydrochloride was effective for immobilizing African lions in Tanzania. Nineteen adult females were given between 55 and 110 mg xylazine hydrochloride in the first dart. Initial doses of 110 mg xylazine hydrochloride and 450 mg ketamine hydrochloride equivalent to greater than 0.9 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride were most effective in achieving rapid immobilization. Lower doses of xylazine hydrochloride required supplementation with ketamine hydrochloride. These doses could be delivered easily in 3-ml darts. The use of lightweight darts and a blowgun was found to be useful as a supplement to longer range dart projector systems since many animals could be approached at short range. 相似文献
17.
M Sakaguchi S Inouye K Imaoka H Miyazawa M Hashimoto H Nigi S Nakamura S Gotoh M Minezawa K Fujimoto 《Journal of medical primatology》1992,21(6):323-327
IgE antibodies against allergens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollen in the serum of seven Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) with pollinosis were measured by fluorometric indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All of the monkeys were found to have specific IgE to the crude pollen antigen. The specific IgE levels were well correlated with those determined by the Pharmacia CAP system. IgE antibodies were then assayed with two kinds of purified allergens (Cry j I and Cry j II) by the ELISA. We found that five monkeys had specific IgE to both allergens, although the other two had IgE only to Cry j I or Cry j II; there is different immune responsiveness to the two major allergens in the monkeys. 相似文献
18.
Takashi Torigoe 《Primates; journal of primatology》1987,28(4):497-506
A captive troop of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) was presented with a nylon rope, a wooden cube, and an iron tube, and their subsequent manipulations were observed in detail.
In total, 202 manipulation patterns were distinguished on the basis of three components: the actions performed, body-parts
used, and relations to other objects. The developmental changes in these modes of manipulation were analyzed cross-sectionally,
revealing four characteristics: (1) the most manipulative members of the troop were those aged 2–3 and 4–6 years old; (2)
most of the manipulatory repertoire appeared by 4–6 years old; (3) actions such as Roll, Rub, and Slide and the use of bodyparts
continued to increase in variety until 4–6 years old, while the variety of other actions showed plateaus after 2–3 years old
or an earlier age; and (4) secondary manipulations appeared at 1 year old and continued to increase in variety even after
4–6 years old. 相似文献
19.
Takashi Yoshida Mie Matsumuro Sachiko Miyamoto Yasuyuki Muroyama Yasuko Tashiro Yuji Takenoshita Tadashi Sankai 《Primates; journal of primatology》2001,42(4):367-373
The menstrual cycles as well as the pregnancy in female Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were monitored by measuring the fecal estradiol concentrations and relative amounts of fecal progesterone. Steroids from
fecal samples were extracted by using a previously developed simplified two-step method and then measured by radioimmunoassay.
We successfully demonstrated that the two-step method is effective and convenient for monitoring the reproductive status of
Japanese monkeys. 相似文献
20.
J L Belant 《Journal of wildlife diseases》1991,27(2):328-330
A combination of 100 mg ketamine hydrochloride (KH) and 20 mg xylazine hydrochloride (XH) was used to immobilize fishers (Martes pennanti). Four adult males were intramuscularly injected a total of five times at dosages between 22.4 to 29.0 mg/kg KH and 4.1 to 6.6 mg/kg XH. Mean (+/- SE) induction time and arousal time were 3.3 +/- 0.5 min and 76.8 +/- 12.1 min, respectively. Respiration, heart rate, and body temperature in response to sedation appeared normal. A 5:1 mixture of KH-XH appears to be a safe immobilizing agent for fishers. 相似文献