Studies on the Karyotypes and Pollen Morphology of Brassica oleracea L.and B. alboglabra Bailey

The karyotypes and pollen morphology of Brassica oleracea L. and B. alboglabra Bailey were studied by preparing mitotic chromosome specimens and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. the karyotypes of the 4 varieties in B. oleracea L. and of B. alboglabra Bailey are similar, all with the same chromosome number (2n=18) satellite number (one pair) and a type of karyotype, but different in respect to satellite position and karyotype symmetry 2. The pollengrains of 2 varieties of B. oleracea L. are 3-colporate and reticulate, distinctly different from those in B. alboglabra, which are pantoporate with smaller lumina. Based on the results we tend to regard that B. alboglabra Bailey is an independent species.     

草珊瑚属两个新变种与海南草珊瑚的比较研究

对广东海南岛、广西、云南产的海南草珊瑚Sarcandra hainanensis(Pei)Swamy et Bailey进行形态学和茎的组织比较研究结果表明,Swamy等描述的海南草珊瑚是一个混杂的种群。本文对海南草珊瑚的描述作了修订,分出两个新变种:屏边草珊瑚S.hainanensis(Pei)Swamy etBailey var.pingbianensis C.Z.Qiao et Q.H.Zhang和陵水草珊瑚S.hainanensis(Pei)Swamy et Bailey var.lingshuinensis C.Z.Qiao et Q.H.Zhang.     

L. H. Bailey's citations to Gregor Mendel

L. H. Bailey cited Mendel's 1865 and 1869 papers in the bibliography that accompanied his 1892 paper, Cross-Breeding and Hybridizing, and Mendel is mentioned once in the 1895 edition of Bailey's "Plant-Breeding." Bailey claimed to have copied his 1892 references to Mendel from Focke. It seems, however, that while he may have first encountered references to Mendel's work in Focke, he actually copied them from the Royal Society "Catalogue of Scientific Papers." Bailey also saw a reference to Mendel's 1865 paper in Jackson's "Guide to the Literature of Botany." Bailey's 1895 mention of Mendel occurs in a passage he translated from Focke's "Die Pflanzen-Mischlinge."     

Adelaide Bartlett and the Pimlico mystery.

In 1886 Adelaide Bartlett stood trial at the Old Bailey for the murder of her husband, Thomas Edwin Bartlett. The court witnessed sensational evidence and the case left questions which remain unanswered.     

菜心和水稻绿叶中不同等电点的乙醇酸氧化酶

The proteins with glycolate oxidase activity from B.parachinensis Bailey and rice( Oryza sativa )green leaves were prepared respectively.From the second protein peak on DEAE\|Cellulose column,two glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Bailey GO Ⅲ(specific activity natove 13 2 U·mg -1 ·min -1 )and rice GOⅢ(specific activity 8 8 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ),could not migrate anywhere in 4%～20% native\|PAGE under a pH8.3 buffer system.GOⅢ's p I was about pH8.3. The protein containing B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅢ showed 67±2,43±2,and 38±2 kD in SDS PAGE,band 43±2 kD was the subunit of B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅢ.From the two proteins above,another group of glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Beiley GOⅠ(specific activity 5 U·mg -1 ·min -1 )and rice GOⅠ(specific activity 1 2 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ),showed only one 43±2 kD band in SDS\|PAGE,and was purified on the Sepharose\|6B column which migrated towards anode in the same native\|PAGE showing the M r about 420 kD,or 460 kD and 260 kD respectively.GOⅠ's p I was smaller than pH8.3.Antibody against B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅠ was prepared and its efficacy was about 1/1600 in ELISA.By native\|PAGE,Western blot and rocket immunoelectrophoresis,the third group of glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅡ and rice G0Ⅱ,were confirmed in crude protein of green leaves and migrated towards cathode under the same native\|PAGE,so GOⅡ's p I was higher than pH8.3.The M r of B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅡ was about 669 kD determined by native\|PAGE Western blot.Rice GOⅠ,rice GOⅢ and rice GOⅡ showed different quantitation under different physiological conditions.Rice GOⅡ could be induced by glycolate.     

Effect of adaptogens on the activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in rats

Intraperitoneal injection of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey tincture, Polyscias filicifolia Bailey tincture, Panax ginseng tincture or Eleutherococcus Maxim extract to rats produced a rise in plasma corticosterone 1 hour after the treatment. Immobilization-induced rise in plasma corticosterone was increased by 7-day pretreatment with any agent. Thus, the adaptation effect of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey and Polyscias filicifolia Bailey is probably realized through the pituitary-adrenocortical system.     

滇池入湖河口生态浮床植物筛选研究

通过植物适应性试验、植物抗逆性试验、植物根系氧化力测定及水体水质指标检测等方法,研究了美人蕉(Canna generalis Bailey)、香根草(Vetivaria zizanioides.)、茭白(Zizania latifolia.)、香蒲(Typha angustata Boryet Chaub)等4种植物对污染水体主要污染物(有机污染物、总磷、总氮)的去除效果,以选择适用于滇池大清河入湖河段污染水体修复的生物浮床植物种。各项指标综合分析结果表明,四种备选植物在对污染胁迫的适应性以及对水体污染物的去除能力均存在较大差异,其中美人蕉对污水环境的适应性最强,对污染物的去除效果也较理想。经比较认为以美人蕉为主,辅以香蒲(T.angustata Boryet Chaub)及其他伴生种是构建大清河生物浮床较合理的群落结构。     

Small Sample Bias and Variance of Lincoln-Petersen and Bailey Estimators

The Lincoln-Petersen and Bailey estimators of an unknown population size were compared in a computer simulation of capture-recapture sampling with replacement from small populations. The Bailey estimator was negatively biased and had smaller variance than the Petersen estimator. The Petersen estimator tended to be positively biased. The Lincoln-Petersen variance estimator tended to be positively biased while the Bailey variance estimator was negatively biased.     

Climatic limits of exotic genera in the Legler palynoflora,miocene, New Jersey,U.S.A.

Climate of the Legler lignite paleoflora (Miocene, New Jersey, U.S.A.) was estimated using the Bailey system of bioclimatology. The data indicate that the Legler climate was warm, very temperate, with short, periodic frosts, and had ample precipitation with no dry season. New Jersey climate is now colder and has much greater frost frequencies.     

Critical notes on the classification of the Liriope muscari complex

The presence of stolons is taxonomically significant in the genus Liriope Linn. However, probably due to a lapse of attention, F. T. Wang and T. Tang failed to recognize Ophiopogon muscari Decne., type of Liriope muscari (Decne.) Bailey, a nonstoloniferous taxon, and erroneously referred it as a synonym to the stoloniferous L. spicata Lour. At the same time, however, they described another non-stoloniferous species-L. platyphylla Wang et Tang (L. muscari Bailey) as new. What, then, is the difference between L. platyphylla Wang et Tang and L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey? A comparison of the type photo of Ophiopogon muscari Decne. with specimens of L. platyphylla Wang et Tang shows that the two forms are much alike, but the latter has longer scapes usually overtopping the foliage, as well as longer spikes and broader leaves. L. H. Bailey must had combined the two forms into one species. Furthermore. there are another two non-stoloniferous forms, both having scapes shorter than their foliage, but differing from L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey in their much narrower leaves. One of them has very short leaves and looks like L. minor Makino. Finally, what are the correlations among the above four forms? By using methods of quantitative analysis, such as pictorialized scatter diagram and histogram, on herbarium material, it has been found that the L. muscari complex can be separated into two parts: 1) muscari (M), and 2) platyphylla (P). But since these two parts display a continuous variation pattern as a whole, it seems advisable to treat both as varieties of the same species, i. e., L. muscari (Decne.) Bailey var. muscari, and L. muscari var. communis (Maxim.) Hsu et L. C. Li. (Ophiopogon spicatus Ker-Cawl. var. communis Maxim.) As to the other two narrow-leaved forms, they can hardly be regarded as sufficient for two distinct infraspecific units, for they are found to be inseparablefrom each other as well as from muscari.     

Medical Anthropology and African American Health.

Medical Anthropology and African American Health. Eric J. Bailey. Westport, CT: Berginand Garvey, 2000.255 pp.     

Turgecaecum longifauces gen. et sp. n. (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from Suwanee bass, Micropterus notius Bailey and Hubbs, and emendation of the subfamily Caecincolinae Yamaguti 1958.

A new trematode of the family Cryptogonimidae is described from Suwanee bass (Micropterus notius Bailey and Hubbs) from Florida. Turgecaecum longifauces gen. et sp. n. is characterized by having a long esophagus, precrural acetabula, short expanded ceca and vitellaria in the shoulder region. It is placed in the subfamily Caecincolinae and is compared with Caecincola Marshall and Gilbert 1905, the only other genus in the subfamily. Emendments to the subfamily are made.     

Marine algae of the grampian region of Scotland

The diatom Auliscus pruinosus Bailey was abundant in marine fossil material collected from coastal environments of Florida and Mississippi. Examination of Slide 1786 from the Bailey Collection of the Farlow Herbarium confirmed the present author's initial identification and this slide has been designated as the lectotype. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed the fine structure of the two large ocelli and the enigmatic “frosted” striae. Neither labiate nor strutted processes are present. The epicingulum consists of three open bands—the valvocopula and two ligulate pleurae. Studies of original material led to the conclusion that A. punctatus Bailey and A. moronensis Greville should not be separated from A. pruinosus. The exact distribution of A. pruinosus is unknown since it has been confused with A. similis Hustedt in the past. However, it has been principally collected from Recent and fossil marine localities along the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the USA.     

The chemistry of the collagen cross-links. Characterization of the products of reduction of skin, tendon and bone with sodium cyanoborohydride.

Reduction of tissues with sodium cyanoborohydride at pH7.4 gave results identical with those obtained by KBH4 treatment. On reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride at pH 4.4, however, a previously undetected basic compound was formed and was identified by mass spectrometry and chemical degradation techniques as dihydrohydroxymerodesmosine. Histidino-hydroxymerodesmosine was not present, and further analysis confirmed that reduced aldol, a mojor product of reduction with KBH4 at the lower pH, was also absent. These results, together with an analysis of the time course of the reduction, support previous assertions that histidino-hydroxymerodesmosine is an artifact [robins *Bailey (1973) Biochem. J. 135, 657-665] and suggests that the non-reduced form of hydroxymerodesmosine probably does not constitute a major intermolecular bond in vivo.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
THE CHRYSIDID WASPS OF THE WORLD. By Lynn S. Kimsey and Richard M. Bohart.
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF INSECTS. Edited by W. J. Bailey and J. Ridsdill-Smith.
DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY. Edited by I. Hanski and Y. Cambefort.
THE TETTIGONIIDAE: BIOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION. Edited by W. J. Bailey and D. C. F. Rentz.     

A festschrift for J. Martyn Bailey, a biochemist extraordinaire

A festschrift for Dr. John Martyn Bailey, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology was organized by the Biochemistry department of the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences on December 4-5, 2006 to honor his 48 years of contributions. He made important contributions in the areas of essential fatty acids, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and lipoxygenase metabolites.     

Benthic Bacillariophyta of the Paripe River estuary in Pernambuco State, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the benthic diatom composition from the estuary sediment in the Pernambuco State, based on 32 samples. Samples were collected monthly from September through December 1999 (dry period) and from April through July 2000 (rainy period) during four pre established sampling stations. Results indicated 19 families and 31 specific and infraspecific taxa. Eight new records were founded for Pernambuco State: Auliscus coelatus, Fallacia nummularia, Navicula algida, Plagiograma pulchellum, Terpsinoe americana, Triceratium antideluvianna and Tryblionella coarctata and one, Auliscus punctatus Bailey, in northeastern Brazil.     

Use of natural marks on population estimates of the nurse shark,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ginglymostoma cirratum</Emphasis>, at Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve,Brazil

We assessed information on the population structure of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, at Atol das Rocas, northeastern Brazil, through underwater observations. Based on photographic records of natural distinctive marks for individual recognition, we used probabilistic estimators (Petersen–Bailey and Jolly–Seber) to assess population size. We found that 46% of the sharks (194 individuals) had distinctive marks. The population size was estimated in 368 individuals, using the Petersen–Bailey estimator, and 339 individuals using the Jolly–Seber estimator.     

Vocabulary learning in a Yorkshire terrier: slow mapping of spoken words

Rapid vocabulary learning in children has been attributed to "fast mapping", with new words often claimed to be learned through a single presentation. As reported in 2004 in Science a border collie (Rico) not only learned to identify more than 200 words, but fast mapped the new words, remembering meanings after just one presentation. Our research tests the fast mapping interpretation of the Science paper based on Rico's results, while extending the demonstration of large vocabulary recognition to a lap dog. We tested a Yorkshire terrier (Bailey) with the same procedures as Rico, illustrating that Bailey accurately retrieved randomly selected toys from a set of 117 on voice command of the owner. Second we tested her retrieval based on two additional voices, one male, one female, with different accents that had never been involved in her training, again showing she was capable of recognition by voice command. Third, we did both exclusion-based training of new items (toys she had never seen before with names she had never heard before) embedded in a set of known items, with subsequent retention tests designed as in the Rico experiment. After Bailey succeeded on exclusion and retention tests, a crucial evaluation of true mapping tested items previously successfully retrieved in exclusion and retention, but now pitted against each other in a two-choice task. Bailey failed on the true mapping task repeatedly, illustrating that the claim of fast mapping in Rico had not been proven, because no true mapping task had ever been conducted with him. It appears that the task called retention in the Rico study only demonstrated success in retrieval by a process of extended exclusion.     

Characterisation of alkaloids from some Australian Stephania (Menispermaceae) species

Chemical investigations of some Stephania species native to Australia and reportedly employed by Aboriginal people as therapeutic agents, are described. The alkaloids from the forest vines Stephania bancroftii F.M. Bailey and S. aculeata F.M. Bailey (Menispermaceae) have been isolated and characterised. The major alkaloids in the tuber of the former species are (-)-tetrahydropalmatine and (-)-stephanine, whereas these are minor components in the leaves, from which a C-7 hydroxylated aporphine has been identified. The major tuber alkaloids in S. aculeata are (+)-laudanidine, and the morphinoid, (-)-amurine, whose absolute stereochemistry has been established by X-ray structural analysis of the methiodide derivative. No significant levels of alkaloids were detected in S. japonica. Complete and unambiguous 1H and 13C NMR data are presented for these alkaloids.