Medical professionalism videos on YouTube: Content exploration and appraisal of user engagement

BackgroundSocial media has become the fastest growing platform for sharing and retrieving information and knowledge, and YouTube is one of the most popular and growing sources of health and educational information video-sharing website. But, videos on this open platform are not peer-assessed, therefore, the accessible data should be adequately assessed. Till date, no exploration and analysis for assessing the credibility and usefulness of Medical professionalism videos available on YouTube are conducted.ObjectiveTo analyze the video sources, contents and quality of YouTube videos about the topic of medical professionalism.MethodsA systematic search was accomplished on YouTube videos during the period between March 1, 2020 and March 27, 2020. The phrases as significant words used throughout YouTube web search were ‘Professionalism in Medical Education’, Professionalism in medicine’, ‘Professionalism of medical students’, ‘Professionalism in healthcare’. ‘Teaching professionalism’, ‘Attributes of professionalism’. The basic information collected for each video included author’s/publisher’s name, total number of watchers, likes, dislikes and positive and undesirable remarks. The videos were categorized into educationally useful and useless established on the content, correctness of the knowledge and the advices. Different variables were measured and correlated for the data analysis.YouTube website was searched the using keywords ‘Professionalism in Medical Education’, Professionalism in medicine’, ‘Professionalism of medical students’, ‘Professionalism in healthcare’. ‘Teaching professionalism’, and ‘Attributes of professionalism’.ResultsAfter 2 rounds of screening by the subject experts and critical analysis of all the 137 YouTube videos, only 41 (29.92%) were identified as pertinent to the subject matter, i.e., educational type. After on expert viewing these 41 videos established upon our pre-set inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 17 (41.46%) videos were found to be academically valuable in nature.ConclusionMedical professionalism multimedia videos uploaded by the healthcare specialists or organizations on YouTube provided reliable information for medical students, healthcare workers and other professional. We conclude that YouTube is a leading and free online source of videos meant for students or other healthcare workers yet the viewers need to be aware of the source prior to using it for training learning.     

The soul of medicine

This article considers contributions that the medical humanities have made to biomedical ethics. Philosophy has contributed methods of ethical justification to case analysis and has given birth to the New Professionalism movement. Taking biography as its paradigmatic resource, this movement has refocused medical education on the formation of physicians who not only have certain responsibilities to their patients, but also a regard for the role of the medical profession in working toward social justice. However, reliance on biography is now giving way to a renewed emphasis on autobiography, as educators seek to support medical students through the personal and spiritual journey that confrontation with death, disease, and injustice naturally entails. Reflective methods and techniques characterize this emerging era as educators and students try to preserve and reinvigorate the soul of medicine.     

Continuing Medical Education: Some Thoughts on Sponsorship

The proper role of departments of continuing medical education in the medical faculties of universities needs to be more clearly defined. Much of the initiative for the development of extramural postgraduate instruction in this country came from organized medicine. The individual practising doctor has traditionally made his needs known most effectively through his professional organizations and should be encouraged to continue to do so. The individual doctor, professional organizations, hospitals and medical schools are all vital elements in any successful program of continuing medical education. A variety of administrative patterns may well emerge, each adapted specially to the region it serves. With a sense of urgency and the co-operation of all concerned, rapid progress in this important field is clearly possible.     

人文素质教育与医学免疫学专业教育的整合

当前,人们的健康观念和生活方式发生了改变,对医疗卫生服务的需要和期望也发生了变化。然而,医学教育长期以来过分注重医学生的专业知识教育而忽视了人文素质教育,这使得医学生缺乏爱伤观念,对待病人冷漠、和不负责任,功利心较重,缺少奉献精神,从而加剧了医患关系紧张。因此,把医学生人文教育渗透到医学生专业学习的各个过程,使人文素质教育与医学专业教育完美的整合,才能培养出同时具有精湛医术和人文智慧、德才兼备的医生。医学免疫学是生命科学的前沿学科,是联系基础医学和临床医学的桥梁学科之一,也是医学本科生的一门重要的主干课程,其理论和实验技术发展迅猛。本文从医学免疫学专业理论课、实验课、考核等不同环节探讨了人文素质教育和医学免疫学专业教育的整合,进一步地寻找医学免疫学教学中人文素质教育的有效途径,为医学生的人文素质的全面提高提供有益的支持。     

Improving the quality of care via maintenance of certification and the Web: an early status report

Few question the need for continuous professional development throughout a physician's career, but rapid changes in health care are creating demand for physicians to acquire new knowledge, skills, and attitudes to implement quality improvement in clinical practice. The Internet and World Wide Web are technologies that have the potential to facilitate deep change in physician practice and lifelong learning. This paper describes how the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has utilized the Web and the Internet to engage physicians in the competencies of practice-based learning and improvement and systems-based practice. Specifically, we describe how the ABIM developed and implemented Web-based practice improvement modules (PIMs) to help physicians measure and improve their clinical practice.     

“分子与细胞”翻转课堂教学模式在临床专业教学中的探究

提高医学创新人才培养手段是医学教育改革的重点内容之一。"分子与细胞"是临床医学教育改革的重点专业基础课,也是一门全新的整合课程,具有学时多、难度大且要求和临床专业紧密结合的特点。如何转变临床专业课程的传统教学模式,是临床专业课程改革创新的焦点。该研究通过基于嵌入式文献阅读和临床案例式的翻转课堂教学模式,将传统的面对面授课转化为以学生为中心的授课方式,将课堂主阵地由线下转移至线上,为线下课堂提供了更多创新融合的方式,同时增强了医学生对于生命学基本原理的理解,为培养具有精准医学专业背景的医学生提供了理论基础。通过三年的翻转课堂实施,临床专业卓越医生试点班学生对教学满意度以及学生成绩显著提升,说明在临床专业整合课程开展翻转课堂教学具有积极意义。     

In Memoriam Mila Rainof, MD

Since 1839, Yale medical students have been writing theses as part of their professional training. It is an introduction to the practice of original research, a demanding and sometimes exhausting pursuit. The thesis project promotes a tenacity well suited for the practice of medicine. The thesis advisor has a challenging role as well — one that can only be filled by an individual whose dedication to research is matched with a patience for mentoring students.     

医学生科研创新能力培养“3+X”模式的探索与实践

针对长期以来培养医学生的科研创新能力主要依靠零散的课外科研活动、受众面窄、没有系统性课程教学及其相关制度保障、致使对医学生科研创新能力培养明显乏力低效这一共性瓶颈教学问题,自2002年起,汕头大学医学院生物化学与分子生物学教学团队,在“科教相辅相佐”、“以学生为中心”、“以问题为导向”等先进教育理念指导下,倚重汕头大学医学院“医者之心”系列课程与书院育人文化之特色,发挥汕头大学的生物学、基础医学和临床医学一级学科均拥有本/硕/博/博后完整人才培养体系之优势,联合其他相关专业教学团队,在建立充分体现医学生科研创新能力培养内涵,覆盖医学本科5年全过程的核心课程体系的基础之上,历经20载的不懈努力,补充修善,成功构建了“3+X”模式,着力培养医学生的科研创新能力。所谓“3”意指对医学生的“全人培养”、“全程培养”和“全方位培养”。所谓“X”意指针对“3+X”模式运行效能的若干个验证性维度,主要包括组织医学生参加各种形式的全国大学生创新实验研究大赛、国际大学生学术研讨会,由医学本科生作为第一作者撰写发表学术论文等。培养医学生科研创新能力的成效十分显著,为有效解决上述共性瓶颈教学问题提供了一个有重要借鉴价值的范例。     

Medical Students’ Opinions About the Commercialization of Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Survey

There are serious concerns about the commercialization of healthcare and adoption of the business approach in medicine. As market dynamics endanger established professional values, healthcare workers face more complicated ethical dilemmas in their daily practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the willingness of medical students to accept the assertions of commercialized healthcare and the factors affecting their level of agreement, factors which could influence their moral stance when market demands conflict with professional values. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three medical schools in Turkey. The study population consisted of first-, third-, and sixth-year students, and 1,781 students participated in total. Students were asked to state if they agreed with the assertions of commercialized healthcare. Of all students, 87.2 per cent agreed with at least one of the assertions, and one-fifth (20.8 per cent) of them agreed with more than half of the assertions. First-year students significantly agreed more with some assertions than third- and sixth-year students. Being female, having mid-level family income, choosing medicine due to idealistic reasons, and being in the third or sixth years of medical study increased the probability of disagreement. Also, studying in a medical school that included integrated lectures on health policies, rights related to health, and health inequities, along with early field visits, increased the probability of disagreement. This study suggests that agreement with the assertions of commercialized healthcare might be prevalent among students at a considerable level. We argue that this level of agreement is not compatible with best practice in professional ethics and indicates the need for an educational intervention in order to have physicians who give priority to patients’ best interests in the face of market demands.     

生物化学与分子生物学课程思政教育的探索与实践——以成都医学院为例

在全面推进高校课程思政建设的背景下,为落实立德树人的根本任务,各高校纷纷开展专业课程思政建设。以成都医学院的《生物化学与分子生物学》课程为例,文章深度挖掘该门课程所蕴含的思政元素,最终确定了7个典型的思政元素,并进行了相应的课程设计,采用案例式教学方法将其在实践中教学。课后,对成都医学院2019级临床医学、麻醉学、儿科学、医学影像学、药学和中药学等6个专业的888名学生发放调查问卷,检测其实施效果。结果表明,所开展的案例式思政教学能够较好地增强学生对该门课程的认可度,帮助学生树立良好的价值观念,初步达到了专业课思政教学的目的。最后,结合实施效果,本文从教学内容和方法的改进、课程思政教学团队的打造和思政教学评价机制的完善等方面展开了积极的探索,以期为专业课程全面实施课程思政提供借鉴。     

Een carrière als specialist ouderengeneeskunde; iets voor de huidige geneeskundestudent?

Background

Due to the rise of older patients with multi-morbidity, we need more elderly care physicians. However, not all available training slots for the elderly care medicine specialty have been fully utilized in recent years. To assess medical student interest in this specialty as well as potential causes for this interest we explored the interest of medical students in the profession of elderly care physician, as well their perception of this profession, both in the ‘old curriculum’ and in a ‘new curriculum’, where the new curriculum had a mandatory elderly care medicine clerkship and more competency-related learning.

Method

At VUmc 120 final year medical students were asked to complete a questionnaire in 2014 about professional preferences and professional characteristics. The same questionnaire had been presented five years earlier, in 2009, to 150 medical students at the end of their final year.

Results

The response rates were 100% and 85% respectively. Of the students in the new curriculum 16,7% considered a career in elderly care medicine. This percentage was 9,4% for students in the old curriculum (p?=?0,087). The characteristics of the profession that appealed most to the students, but were not considered applicable to elderly care medicine were: diagnostics skills, acute complaints, visible results. The professional characteristics that students found to be very much applicable to this specialty, but less attractive for their future profession were: psychosocial, chronic and terminal conditions.

Discussion

We observe a trend that students in the new curriculum are more interested in the profession of elderly care physician, even though this interest remains limited. We recommend that the basic medical training, both in the bachelor phase and in a mandatory elderly care medicine clerkship, focus more on demonstrating that the characteristics students find appealing in the medical profession are indeed present in this speciality. Also, the basic training should concentrate more on guidance and treatment of patients with chronic and terminal conditions.

     

Medical professionalism: crossing a generational divide

A comprehensive discussion of professionalism in medicine must include its impact on successive generations of physicians. Fifty years ago, doctors acting professionally emphasized medicine as a calling and an ability to act as the authority for patients in crisis at home and in hospitals. Therapeutic options were limited relative to the modern era, and the laying on of hands was practiced as science and art. Today, doctors balance increasing demands on time and efficiency with the sense of primacy of patient care. Technological innovation and patients' increasing access to medical knowledge through varying media of inconsistent quality challenge physicians in novel ways. Fifty years in the future, doctors will have access to vast amounts of information through a multitude of noninvasive diagnostics. Progressively more personalized medicine should inspire doctors to become even more adept at communicating effectively with patients. Professionalism in medicine throughout these generations embodies similar fundamental behaviors, such as demonstrating compassion, respect, and humility; adhering to high ethical and moral standards; subordinating personal interest to that of others; and reflecting on actions and decisions. Despite the dynamic nature of the profession itself, the omnipresent need for such traits will define medical professionalism for decades to come.     

The Physiology undergraduate major in the University of Arizona College of Medicine: past, present, and future

The American Physiological Society (APS) and APS Council encourage the teaching of physiology at the undergraduate, graduate, and medical school levels to support the continued prominence of this area of science. One area identified by the APS Council that is of particular importance for the development of future physiologists (the "physiology pipeline") is the teaching of physiology and physiology-related topics at the undergraduate level. In this article, we describe the historical development and implementation of an undergraduate program offered through the Department of Physiology, a basic science department in the College of Medicine at the University of Arizona, culminating in a Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences degree with a major in Physiology. Moreover, we discuss the current Physiology curriculum offered at our institution and explain how this program prepares our students for successful entry into a variety of postbaccalaureate professional programs, including medical school and numerous other programs in health professions, and in graduate study in the Masters and Doctoral programs in biomedical sciences. Finally, we cover the considerable challenges that we have faced, and continue to face, in developing and sustaining a successful physiology undergraduate major in a college of medicine. We hope that the information provided on the Physiology major offered by the Department of Physiology in the College of Medicine at the University of Arizona will be helpful for individuals at other institutions who may be contemplating the development and implementation of an undergraduate program in Physiology.     

Physicianship: Educating for professionalism in the post-Flexnarian era

Although he did not write extensively about professionalism, Abraham Flexner clearly understood its critical role in medical practice. In discerning the basics of medical education he characterized scientific methodology as the instrumental minimum. He left open to future generations the task of defining its necessary complement, the "noble behaviors and fine feelings" required of the medical practitioner. Situated within the current professionalism movement, and informed by previous commentary on the enduring attributes of medicine, a curriculum based on "Physicianship"--the physician as healer and professional--can serve as a logical post-Flexnerian curriculum. The conceptual armature of Physicianship and the attributes necessary for the fulfillment of both the professional and healer role can assist in the selection of students and constitute the educational blueprint for medical teaching. The critically important concepts of identity formation and the requirements for the valid and reliable assessment of professional behaviors of students and faculty are essential components. A Physicianship curriculum, as conceived and deployed at the McGill University Faculty of Medicine, might resonate with Flexner.     

Leadership and mentoring in medical physics: The experience of a medical physics international mentoring program

Mentoring aims to improve careers and create benefits for the participants' personal and professional lives. Mentoring can be an individual or a shared experience for a group, while the mentor’s role remains the same in both models. Mentors should increase confidence, teach, inspire, and set examples, helping the mentees to mould their path, contributing to the pursuit of their personal and professional goals. This study aims to report on the experience of early-career medical physics professionals and postgraduate students participating in a global mentoring program and to assess the impact of this activity on their professional development. The objectives of this mentoring program are to develop leadership roles among young medical physicists and to provide guidance and support. An online questionnaire was administered to the mentee participants. The analysis of their responses is reported in this work and the current status of the programme was examined using a SWOT analysis. In general, the mentoring experience had a positive impact on the mentees. The mentors were found especially helpful in the decision-making situations and in other conflicts that may arise with career development. Additionally, the mentees felt that mentoring contributed to the development of leadership skills required for the job market and assist in personal development. This paper concludes that participation of young medical physicists in a mentoring group program is beneficial to their career and therefore should be encouraged.     

军校预防医学专业本科学员临床课程教学现状及建议

随着医学模式的转变,预防医学已经成为现代医疗体系的重要组成部分,在提高公共卫生健康水平方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了更好地开展预防医学工作,预防医学专业学员不仅要掌握牢固的预防医学专业知识,更要具备丰富的临床医学知识。针对预防医学专业本科学员的临床课程教学,我校经过多年的探索与改革,已经积累了丰富经验,教学质量较高;但现阶段仍然存在着一些问题。本文分析我校预防医学专业本科学员临床课程的教学现状及存在的主要问题,并提出建议;从而为进一步提高预防医学专业本科学员的临床课程教学质量提供依据。     

Mapping the factors that influence the career specialty preferences by the undergraduate medical students

It is often perceived that undergraduate medical students do not select their career specialty until they are graduated. This study aimed to probe the preferences of undergraduate medical students about their career specialty and the factors influencing their choices. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 3rd through 5th year undergraduate medical students to record their choices of specialties and to identify the factors that influence their career selection. Out of 220 respondents, 29 (13.2%) students selected General Surgery, 24 (10.9%) Pediatrics, and 18 (8.2%) Internal Medicine as their career specialties; whereas 24 (10.9%) students were not able to select a major specialty. The least popular specialties were Gynecology and Obstetrics, Oncology, Histopathology, Orthopedics, Genetics, Psychology, each selected by one student. One hundred and seventeen (53.1%) thought their selected specialty ‘matched their capabilities’ and 82 (37.2%) perceived their selection as “innovative field in medicine”. Career advice by friends and families and the desire to serve academic institutions could not influence career selection. Career preferences by medical students result from the interplay of a range of factors. General Surgery, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine were the most preferred specialties. The professional grooming programs to target specialties matching the trainees’ capabilities and the specialties with state-of-the-art innovative technologies attract medical undergraduate students. The attained knowledge is vitally important for the policy makers in modifying the existing framework that can cater the popular and favored specialties.     

The rising level of medical student debt: potential risk for a national default

At the turn of the 20th century, mostly as a result of the Flexner report, medical education changed dramatically by establishing a scientific basis for the study of medicine within the institutions of the major universities. There have been major and dramatic changes in medicine during the past 80 years that have improved medical education in the United States, but these changes have also placed major economic strains on students who have educational debts. If medicine is a social responsibility to the public, then the public should share the responsibility of identifying and supporting new approaches to funding and financially managing the teaching of future physicians. There is no universal solution because there are various approaches institutions may take to structure these financial responsibilities. This article describes trends in medical student educational debt, identifies the financial needs of medical students, and proposes ways of addressing those needs to avert a possible national financial crisis among medical students. We must invest in medical students because they will be the leaders we need to help care for our society and our own families in the next century.     

医学研究伦理学的发展现状与前景

创新技术的开展和转化医学的注重给医学的发展注入了新的活力,但同时,也带来了一系列社会伦理问题和法律问题。生命医学伦理学的兴起和发展催生了医学研究伦理学分支学科形成,目的在于推进解决涉及人体的医学研究的伦理问题。当前,面临的最突出的伦理问题在于,对医学研究合法性、先进性及伦理性的把握,对医学研究伦理审查必要性的认知,对医学研究方案设计与伦理道德的匹配,对医学研究知情同意的告知,对医学研究风险与受益的平衡。逐步与国际接轨,加强伦理委员会制度建设;提高伦理审查能力建设,形成高水平的伦理审查队伍;学术组织和团体共同努力,推进医学研究伦理学的发展,这将助推医学研究伦理学的发展。