木那格葡萄快速繁殖及愈伤组织的诱导和继代

研究了木那格葡萄快速繁殖并确定了木那格葡萄愈伤组织诱导和继代的适宜条件。将木那格葡萄种子无菌处理,获得无菌幼苗,以单芽茎段为外植体,对木那格葡萄快速繁殖条件进行优化;以叶片为外植体,确定愈伤组织诱导和继代的适宜条件。结果表明：使用70%乙醇灭菌30s,0．1%升汞灭菌3min,使用浸湿的滤纸培养,适宜木那格葡萄种子萌发,萌发率为70%;适宜单芽茎段不定芽再生的培养基为B5 6-BA 0．05mg/L IBA 0．3mg/L 蔗糖30g/L,不定芽增殖倍数为1．25;适宜不定芽生根的培养基为B5 IBA 0．2mg/L 蔗糖30g/L,平均单芽生根数为5．09,平均根长2．97cm;适宜愈伤诱导的培养基为B5 6-BA1．5mg/ L NAA 0．2mg/L 蔗糖30g/L,愈伤诱导率为100%;适宜愈伤继代的培养基为B5 6-BA 1mg/L 2,4-D 0．1mg/L 蔗糖30g/L。     

梨蒴珠藓愈伤组织诱导和配子体再生研究

以梨蒴珠藓无菌藓株为外植体诱导愈伤组织和配子体再生,接种于含不同激素组合的MS和Knop固体培养基上,分别进行愈伤组织和不定芽的分化,并探讨愈伤组织诱导和配子体再生的适宜培养条件.结果显示,愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+0.5 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D,愈伤组织诱导率为33.3%;不定芽诱导的最佳...     

樱桃砧木Colt离体叶片再生

以樱桃砧木Colt试管苗的叶片为外植体 ,通过先诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽以及叶片直接分化不定芽两种途径诱导再生。结果表明 :在MS附加NAA 1 0mg/L、KT3 0mg/L、ZT0 2 5mg/L培养基中 ,愈伤诱导率可达 1 0 0 % ;诱导的愈伤在MS附加NAA 0 2mg/L、IAA0 5mg/L、6 BA 0 5mg/L、KT 1 0mg/L、GA 0 5mg/L培养基中 ,不定芽分化率为 2 1 3% ;在MS附加 6 BA 6 0mg/L、NAA 1 0mg/L、GA 0 5mg/L中 ,叶片 -叶柄不定芽诱导率可达 48 3%。     

火炬松(Pinus taeda L.)合子胚愈伤组织的器官发生和植株再生

以火炬松(Pinus taeda L.)的成熟合子胚为外植体在附加NAA和BA的TE培养基上诱导产生了淡黄色、疏松、有光泽的颗粒状愈伤组织。经过愈伤组织的保持和增殖培养及不定芽原基的诱导培养后,进行了不同激素、低温处理和蔗糖浓度对不定芽分化的影响实验。结果表明,在附加0.5 mg·L~(-1)IBA和2 mg·L~(-1)BA的TE培养基上,愈伤组织上的不定芽分化频率最高达62.15%。不定芽分化的最佳低温处理时间是5—6周,最佳蔗糖浓度是25—30 g·L~(-1)。不定芽经伸长培养后取高于1cm的小苗用于生根。在附加IBA、BA和GA_3的TE培养基上不定芽的生很频率最高达46%。     

药用植物灯盏花的组织培养

以灯盏花花葶、花盘及叶柄为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度配比,建立灯盏花组培快繁体系。结果如下:在所有实验方案中,花葶的出愈率最高,是理想的快速繁殖材料。较适宜的诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L+蔗糖3.0%,诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+BA2.0mg/L+IAA1.0mg/L+蔗糖3.0%或MS+Kt3.0+IAA0.5mg/L+蔗糖3.0%,而根的诱导则是在1/2MS+NAA1.0Mg/L+蔗糖3.0%的培养基上进行。同时对组织培养过程中灯盏花植株再生的方式进行了讨论。     

白桦愈伤组织的高效诱导和不定芽分化

选出白桦愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为 :IS 6 BA 5 .0mg·L-1 KT 0 .5mg·L -1(茎段 ,叶柄 ) ;IS 6 BA 2 .0mg·L-1 NAA 0 .2mg·L-1(叶片 )。分化培养基为 :IS 6 BA 0 .4～ 0 .5mg·L-1,蔗糖浓度 2 0 g·L-1。愈伤组织诱导率和不定芽分化率分别达到 73 %和 90 %以上。     

抗茎枯病芦笋品种离体培养的研究

选用芦笋（Asparagus officinalis）茎枯病高抗品种格兰蒂为材料,研究各种生长素及细胞分裂素对其茎尖诱导的愈伤组织、不定芽增殖和生根的效果。实验结果表明,最适芦笋茎尖诱导愈伤组织的培养基为：MS＋6-BA0.3 mg/L＋2,4-D 1.5 mg/L＋蔗糖25 g/L＋琼脂7 g/L,pH 5.8;最适愈伤组织增殖诱导、分化不定芽的培养基为：MS＋NAA 0.3 mg/L＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋蔗糖30 g/L＋琼脂7 g/L,pH 5.8;最适生根培养基为：1/2 MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA＋1 mg/L PP333＋0.3 mg/L 6-BA＋蔗糖30 g/L＋琼脂7 g/L,pH 5.8。     

抗茎枯病芦笋品种离体培养的研究北大核心CSCD

选用芦笋(Asparagus officinalis)茎枯病高抗品种格兰蒂为材料,研究各种生长素及细胞分裂素对其茎尖诱导的愈伤组织、不定芽增殖和生根的效果。实验结果表明,最适芦笋茎尖诱导愈伤组织的培养基为:MS+6-BA0.3 mg/L+2,4-D 1.5 mg/L+蔗糖25 g/L+琼脂7 g/L,pH 5.8;最适愈伤组织增殖诱导、分化不定芽的培养基为:MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7 g/L,pH 5.8;最适生根培养基为:1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1 mg/L PP333+0.3 mg/L 6-BA+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂7 g/L,pH 5.8。     

鼎湖山紫背天葵组织培养及植株再生

选用紫背天葵无菌苗叶片为外植体,建立了离体培养体系,并探讨其愈伤组织生长和不定芽诱导的适宜培养条件。通过研究得出:愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+2,4-D 1.00 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+LH 200 mg/L+CH200 mg/L+YE 200 mg/L,愈伤组织诱导率为96.88%。不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+LH 200 mg/L+CH 200 mg/L+YE 200 mg/L,不定芽诱导率为77.3%。不定芽转至1/2MS培养基中均可100%生根并长成完整植株,小苗移栽成活率达到90%。     

罗汉果叶片离体再生快繁技术

以罗汉果(Ssiraiti grosvenori)叶片为外植体,探讨培养方式、激素组合对愈伤组织诱导和不定芽分化的影响。结果表明:罗汉果叶片在培养基MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.7 mg/L上培养4周愈伤组织的诱导率达90%以上;罗汉果愈伤组织在培养基MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+IBA0.2 mg/L+赛苯隆(TDZ)0.1 mg/L上不定芽的分化率可达70%,平均出芽指数3.7;罗汉果试管苗在培养基MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L上茎芽增殖比较稳定,在培养基MS+IBA0.1 mg/L上培养2周开始分化不定根,其生根率在90%以上。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism