Immunoglobulins and the X-chromosome

Serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) G, M, and A were determined in 28 women with an additional X-chromosome (XXX), and in equal numbers of age-matched normal women and men. Mean IgM levels were found to be highest in the XXX group, intermediate in normal women, and lowest in men; these differences were statistically significant. Mean IgM values obtained from seven XXY and three XXXY cases were almost identical with those of normal women and XXX women respectively. No such sex linkage was observed for IgA and IgG levels. These results support the suggestion that the serum level of IgM is related to the number of X chromosomes present.     

Restricted dietary protein in pregnant beef cows: II. Effect on the immune response

Cows fed 0.37 Kg crude protein per day for four months before calving showed no decrease in colostral IgG, IgA, or IgM from cows fed a normal ration. Similarly, no difference in serum immunoglobulin concentration was detected in their calves. Cows in the low protein group developed significantly lower (P < 0.01) titers to Salmonella pullorum antigen than did the normal group. The data show significant positive linear regressions of calf agglutination titer to S. pullorum on the dam's colostral titers. Serum levels of IgG measured at 24 hours were significantly lower in calves from second-calf heifers than from these of other age groups. The IgA levels of serums from calves from the six-year-old cows were significantly higher than the serum levels of calves from younger dams (P < 0.01).     

Changes in serum immunoglobulins in subjects with acute myocardial infarct and essential hypertension

20 (12 men and 8 women) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 17 (14 men and 3 women) patients with arterial hypertension (II degrees stage according to OMS) in comparison to controls age and sex matched, were studied, serum IgA, IgG, IgM were evaluated with radial immunodiffusion and serum IgE with RIA. Ho significant changes ef immunoglobulins were observed between hypertensive patients and controls; whereas a significant increase of IgM, IgG and IgE, with out changes of IgA, were shown in AMI patients. Serum Ig and IgM were significantly augmented in AMI patients in comparison to hypertensive patients.     

反复呼吸道感染患儿血清微量元素及体液免疫水平测定及临床意义

目的:探讨反复呼吸道感染患儿血清微量元素及体液免疫水平测定及其临床意义。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年1月在我院接受治疗的反复呼吸道感染患儿64例作为观察组,另外选取同期来我院体检的健康儿童60例作为对照组,比较两组儿童血清微量元素钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)等的水平、体液免疫因子免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平及血清补体C3、C4、C5水平,并分析其相关性。结果:观察组患儿血清Ca、Fe、Zn水平显著低于对照组儿童(P0.05),两组儿童血清Cu、Mg水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患儿血清IgA、IgM、IgG水平低于对照组儿童(P0.05)。两组儿童血清补体C3、C4、C5水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得:反复呼吸道感染患儿血清Ca、Fe、Zn与血清IgA、IgM、IgG水平呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:反复呼吸道感染患儿存在血清Ca、Fe、Zn微量元素缺乏及血清IgA、IgM、IgG水平降低现象,且它们之间具有正相关关系,可能共同促进反复呼吸道感染的发生。     

妊娠期高血压患者血清热休克蛋白70水平与心功能及免疫球蛋白的关系研究

目的:探究妊娠期高血压患者血清热休克蛋白70(HSP70)水平与心功能及免疫球蛋白的关系。方法:选择2017年4月至2018年4月在陕西省人民医院诊治的200例妊娠期高血压患者作为妊娠期高血压组,同时选择同期在我院进行孕检的200名健康孕妇作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清HSP70水平,采用全自动生化分析仪检测免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白D(Ig D)和免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)水平,采用多普勒超声心动图监测两组的左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和每搏指数(SVI),计算左心室质量(LVM)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值与二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度的比值(E/Em)、舒张早期与舒张晚期血流速度峰值的比值(E/A)。采用spearman相关性分析血清HSP70水平与血清免疫球蛋白水平及心功能指标的相关性。结果:与对照组相比,妊娠期高血压组的血清HSP70水平明显升高,而Ig G和Ig M水平明显下降,并且LVESD、LVEF、E/A也明显下降(P0.05)。血清HSP70水平与Ig G、Ig M、LVESD、LVEF、E/A均呈负相关性(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期高血压患者的血清HSP70水平明显升高,并且血清HSP70水平与妊娠期高血压患者免疫功能和心功能下降存在相关性,在妊娠期高血压患者的诊断和治疗中具有一定临床价值。     

Changes in serum anion gap and sodium level in monoclonal gammopathies

In a group of patients with monoclonal gammopathies a decrease in the serum anion gap was seen with increasing serum concentrations of monoclonal IgG and IgM but not monoclonal IgA. This was probably related to the fact that IgG and IgM are cationic but IgA is a anionic at a physiologic pH. The serum sodium level decreased by 0.7 mmol/l for every increase of 1 g/dl in the serum level of the monoclonal immunoglobulin, likely because of the volume displacement effect of the monoclonal protein.     

Development of monoclonal IgA and an apparent IgG in a patient with macroglobulinemia: sharing of individually specific antigenic determinants among IgM, IgA, and IgG.

Patient CM, who initially was diagnosed as having macroglobulinemia (IgM, kappa) was subsequently found to develop a monoclonal IgA(kappa) protein. Rabbit antisera directed against the patient's IgAm and IgM were rendered specific for individual antigenic (ind) determinants. The anti-IgAm and IgM ind sera reacted with both 131I labeled monoclonal proteins in a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). In addition, both monoclonal immunoglobulins inhibited the reaction between labeled immunoglobulin and both ind antisera, and statistical analysis of the data suggested that the shared ind determinants were identical. The IgG fraction of patient CM's serum also contained a component which competed with both monoclonal IgA (CM) and IgM (CM) in the RIA specific for ind determinants. Analysis of serum samples taken over a 2-year period revealed that, in addition to IgM, both the IgA and IgG components possessing the shared ind determinant(s) were present in low concentrations in the earliest sample, although not detected by conventional techniques. The monoclonal IgA and the IgG component were found to increase in concentration over this time interval with a concomitant decrease in IgM. The regulation of immunoglobulin expression with respect to the proposed models of gene organization in antibody-producing cells was discussed.     

Serum and urinary immunoglobulin in the rat model of acute urinary tract infection

Total levels of urine and serum immunoglobulin IgM, IgG and IgA, and the E. coli-specific bacterial immunoglobulin response were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a rat model of acute urinary tract infection. High levels of urinary IgM were detected as early as day 3 post infection and then decreased to statistically insignificant levels. Peak levels of IgG occurred in the serum and urine on day 14. Urine and serum IgA levels remained low throughout the study period. The results demonstrate that in the rat model of acute urinary tract infection, IgM appears first in the urine and serum, and rapidly decreases. IgG then appears in the serum and urine followed by a late E. coli-specific immunoglobulin serum and urine response. Also, a non-specific component of the immunoglobulin response was noted in both the serum and urine. In the rat, IgA appears to play little or no role in the urine or in the serum response to the infection.     

Serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in patients with oral lichen ruber

The aim of this study was to determine level of serum IgA, IgG and IgM in patients with OLR as indicators of humoral immunity which might reflect cell-mediated immunity. This study was conducted on 30 patients (age 60.17 +/- 11.75) with clinically and histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of OLR and 30 healthy controls (age 56.16 +/- 11.82) Determination of serum IgA, IgG and IgM was performed by use of standard laser nephelometry in both patients and controls. Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test and the level of significance was determined as p values lower than 0.05. Serum IgA and IgM in patients with OLR were significantly increased in comparison to the control group, while serum IgG levels were higher in patients with OLR but they did not reach significance. We might conclude that elevated levels of serum IgA and IgM show that humoral immunity is implicated in the pathogenesis of OLR.     

Effect of dietary antioxidants on serum lipid contents and immunoglobulin productivity of lymphocytes in Sprague-Dawley rats

Sprague-Dawley rats were fed alpha-tocopherol, tocotrienol, or quercetin to examine their dietary effects on serum lipid contents and immunoglobulin productivity. In tocotrienol or quercetin groups, serum triglyceride was lower than in the none group. Moreover, in the alpha-tocopherol group, serum IgA level and IgA productivity of MLN lymphocytes were high, while in the tocotrienol group, IgM productivity of spleen lymphocytes and IgA, IgG, and IgM productivity of MLN lymphocytes were high. Thus, we suggested each antioxidant had different effects in rats.     

Secretory IgA and secretory component in women affected by recidivant vaginal candidiasis

Local immunity was evaluated in 47 patients affected by recidivant vaginal candidiasis and 33 control women. IgG, IgA, IgM and secretory component (SC) were determined by single radial immunodiffusion in samples of cervicovaginal secretion. IgG in dosable levels was detected in 17/47 samples (36.2%) and IgA in 15/47 patients (31.9%) whereas in the controls, the incidence was 31/33 (93.9%) for IgG and 24/33 (72.7%) for IgA. The difference was significative (P< 0.001) for both immunoglobulins. Significant differences were not obtained for IgM. The SC was detected in 4/47 cervicovaginal secretions of patients affected by candidiasis (8.5%) whereas in the control samples the incidence was 21/33 (63.6%) (P<0.001). In only 2/15 patients with dosable levels of IgA (13%) the secretory nature of this immunoglobulin could be shown by its reaction with anti-SC serum. In the control group, secretory IgA was detected in 19/24 cases (79%) (P< 0.001). Serum immunoglobulins levels were normal. The lack of secretory IgA and SC in the secretion could be related to the adherence capacity of the Candida albicans to epithelial cells.     

Natural antibodies and immune antibodies of human ABO blood group system

Sera of normal and isoimmunized persons genotype OO and A₁O were fractionated to separate the three main immunoglobulin components IgG, IgM and IgA from each other. The anti-B activity was measured in every fraction and individual serum. The results indicate that the natural anti-B antibodies are of IgM molecular type, contrasting with the immune anti-B antibodies which are IgM, IgG and eventually IgA. The restriction to the IgM class and other data previously reported are discussed in relation to the origin of the natural antibodies of the human ABO blood group system.     

Concentrations of immunoglobulins and protein in piglet feces.

The concentrations of immunoglobulins and protein in piglet feces at one day to ten weeks of age were assayed by the single radial immunodiffusion and by the Lowry method, respectively. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and total immunoglobulin were found to be significantly higher at one day and two days of age than those at one week to ten weeks of age. The concentrations of IgA, IgM and total immunoglobulin at two days of age were the highest and those at one day of age were the next highest. However, in case of IgG, there seemed to be no such difference in concentrations. There was almost no significant difference in concentrations of IgG, IgA and total immunoglobulin in feces at one week to ten weeks of age. On the other hand, the concentration of IgM at eight weeks of age seemed to be the least from one day to ten weeks of age. The concentration of protein at two days of age was the highest and that at one day of age was the next highest. Those at one week to three weeks of age were the least among those at one day to ten weeks of age.     

Causal analysis of the variability of IgA, IgG, and IgM immunoglobulin levels

The interindividual variability of IgA, IgG, and IgM immunoglobulin levels was studied using path analysis in a northeastern Brazilian sample (nuclear families) to determine the genetic and/or environmental causes of their variation. The path analysis model decomposes the phenotype into genetic causes (autosomal and X-chromosome-linked genes) and environmental causes. A significant familial aggregation, mainly resulting from autosomal components, was detected for the 3 immunoglobulin levels. The values of genetic heritability were h2 = 0.410 +/- 0.030 for IgA, h2 = 0.617 +/- 0.020 for IgG, and h2 = 0.540 +/- 0.023 for IgM, and the values for environmental-cultural heritability were c2 = 0.085 +/- 0.034 for IgA, c2 = 0.084 +/- 0.027 for IgG, and c2 = 0.023 + 0.023 for IgM. Our results did not show a heritable component resulting from X-chromosome-linked genes on IgM levels, as suggested by some studies (Wood et al. 1969; Grundbacher 1972; Purtilo and Sullivan 1979). Some additional results were that (1) age and IgA concentration were positively correlated, with IgA level increasing gradually from childhood to adulthood (p < 0.001); (2) sex and the age X sex interaction act on IgG concentration (p < 0.01); (3) age and IgM concentration are correlated (with children presenting lower levels than adults, especially in males, p < 0.01); and (4) a significant association exists between sex and IgM level (with females presenting higher levels than males, p < 0.001).     

糖皮质激素联合吗替麦考酚酯分散片对系统性红斑狼疮患者的疗效及对免疫功能的影响

目的:研究糖皮质激素联合吗替麦考酚酯分散片治疗系统性红斑狼疮患者的临床疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2014年9月至2015年8月本院收治的84例系统性红斑狼疮患者,根据投硬币法分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用单纯的糖皮质激素,观察组在此基础上使用吗替麦考酚酯分散片。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)、免疫球蛋白(IgM)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白(IgG)、免疫球蛋白(IgM)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者IgA、IgG、IgM、CRP、ESR水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),与对照相比,观察组的IgA、IgG、IgM、CRP、ESR明显降低(P0.05)。两组组的不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:糖皮质激素联合吗替麦考酚酯分散片能有效改善系统性红斑狼疮患者的免疫功能,临床疗效良好,安全性高。     

Humoral components of immunological response in nephrotic syndrome

Serum and urine were collected from 58 patients with nephrotic syndrome. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM), complement (C3) and transferrin levels were measured by single radial immunodiffusion. The extent of glomerular injury was estimated by determining the selectivity of proteinuria. The relationship between the severity of glomerular damage and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement was assessed. Higher IgM and lower IgG serum concentrations were found in nephrotic patients than in normal controls (157 +/- 108 mg+ vs 127 +/- 38 mg% for IgM, 929 +/- 537 mg% for IgG). The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05 for IgM, p less than 0.001 for IgG). No correlation was present between the selectivity of proteinuria and serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG or C3. The results indicate that abnormalities in humoral components of the immune system are present in nephrotic patients and are probably related to a basic immunological defect in the patients rather than to the severity of glomerular damage.     

IgG subclass alterations in adult asthma.

Immunoglobulin levels were measured in serum samples of 12 black adult non-smoking asthmatic patients, 11 females and 1 male, and compared with 15 age-, sex-matched normal controls. Their total IgG, IgA and IgM levels were within the normal range. However, on quantitation of subclasses, IgG1 levels were significantly above normal, while IgG2 and IgG3 levels were significantly lower than those of controls. No significant differences were found between the two groups when IgG4 levels were compared. These studies as well as those of others suggest that immunoglobulin administration, particularly of individual subclasses, might prove to be a beneficial addition in the management of this condition.     

Some immunological aspects of the long-term remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

Nineteen children aged from 3 to 16 years with first long-term hematologic remission were studied. Cell-mediated immunity was assayed by the reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and lysozyme activity. Humoral immunity was determined by immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels in serum. The DNCB-reaction was positive in 50% of children treated from 12 to 36 months. Percentage and absolute counts of NBT-positive granulocytes and lysozyme/granulocyte ratio systematically increased with time of therapy. In all studied children IgG was normal, IgA and IgM were depressed to 40% and 76% of normal value (with the exception of 2 children after cessation of therapy, in which IgA was normal). It seemed that continuous control of the immunologic status during long-term cytostatic therapy is essential in clinical practice.     

Analysis of immunoglobulin,complements and CRP levels in serum of captive northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina)

The northern pig-tailed macaque(NPM,Macaca leonina) has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. In this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, complement C3, C4 and CRP levels in 3-11 year old captive northern pig-tailed macaques using HITACHI 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. The results showed that serum IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels were not correlated with age(P0.05), while serum IgG levels increased progressively with age(r=0.202;P=0.045). Serum IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 levels were higher in females than in males(P0.05). Moreover, serum C3 concentration was both positively and strongly correlated with that of C4(r=0.700; P0.0001). This study provides basic serum immunoglobulin and complement data of captive northern pig-tailed macaques, which may prove useful for future breeding efforts and biomedical research.     

SOD猕猴桃果汁对体液免疫、血清与红细胞丙二醛水平的影响

目的 研究超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）猕猴桃果汁姑降低血清、红细胞丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及提高机体免疫球白水平的作用。方法 测定ＳＯＤ弥猴桃果汁服用前后正常妇女红细胞ＭＤＡ及血清ＭＤＡ、免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ的含量。结果 ＳＯＤ弥桃果汁服用后,红细胞与血清ＭＤＡ含量显著降低血清,免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ的含量。结果 ＳＯＤ猕猴桃果取用后,红细胞与血清ＭＤＡ量显著降低,免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、