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1.
Conservation strategies for populations of woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou frequently emphasize the importance of predator–prey relationships and the availability of lichen-rich late seral forests,
yet the importance of summer diet and forage availability to woodland caribou survival is poorly understood. In a recent article,
Wittmer et al. (Can J Zool 83:407–418, 2005b) concluded that woodland caribou in British Columbia were declining as a consequence of increased predation that was facilitated
by habitat alteration. Their conclusion is consistent with the findings of other authors who have suggested that predation
is the most important proximal factor limiting woodland caribou populations (Bergerud and Elliot in Can J Zool 64:1515–1529, 1986; Edmonds in Can J Zool 66:817–826, 1988; Rettie and Messier in Can J Zool 76:251–259, 1998; Hayes et al. in Wildl Monogr 152:1–35, 2003). Wittmer et al. (Can J Zool 83:407–418, 2005b) presented three alternative, contrasting hypotheses for caribou decline that differed in terms of predicted differences
in instantaneous rates of increase, pregnancy rates, causes of mortality, and seasonal vulnerability to mortality (Table 1,
p 258). These authors rejected the hypotheses that food or an interaction between food and predation was responsible for observed
declines in caribou populations; however, the use of pregnancy rate, mortality season and cause of mortality to contrast the
alternative hypotheses is problematic. We argue here that the data employed in their study were insufficient to properly evaluate
a predation-sensitive foraging hypothesis for caribou decline. Empirical data on seasonal forage availability and quality
and plane of nutrition of caribou would be required to test the competing hypotheses. We suggest that methodological limitations
in studies of woodland caribou population dynamics prohibit proper evaluation of the mechanism of caribou population declines
and fail to elucidate potential interactions between top-down and bottom-up effects on populations.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
2.
Schäffer AA Pfannstiel J Webster AD Plebani A Hammarström L Grimbacher B 《Human genetics》2006,118(6):725-729
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an antibody deficiency syndrome that often co-occurs in families with selective
IgA deficiency (IgAD). Vořechovsky et al. (Am J Hum Genet 64:1096–1109, 1999; J Immunol 164:4408–4416, 2000) ascertained and genotyped 101 multiplex IgAD families and used them to identify and fine map the IGAD1 locus on chromosome 6p. We analyzed the original genotype data in a subset of families with at least one case of CVID and
present evidence of a CVID locus on chromosome 16q with autosomal dominant inheritance. The peak (model-based) LOD score for
the best marker D16S518 is 2.83 at θ=0.07, and a 4-marker LOD score under heterogeneity peaks at 3.00 with α=0.68. The (model-free) NPL score using the same markers peaks at the same location with a value of 3.38 (P=0.0001). 相似文献
3.
Elizabeth Cashdan Frank W. Marlowe Alyssa Crittenden Claire Porter Brian M. Wood 《Evolution and human behavior》2012,33(4):274-284
This paper describes sex differences in spatial competencies among the Hadza, a mobile hunter–gatherer population in Tanzania. It addresses the following questions: (a) Is the usual male advantage in Euclidean spatial abilities found in this population, where both women and men are highly mobile? (b) Do Hadza women have better object location memory than men, as the gathering hypothesis predicts? (c) Do women who are nominated by others as being good at finding bushfoods excel at the object location memory task? We tested object location memory with a version of the memory game using cards of local plants and animals. This allowed us to also ask whether women and men would have better spatial memory for the plant and animal cards, respectively. We found that Hadza men were significantly better than women in three tests of spatial ability: the water-level test, targeting, and the ability to point accurately to distant locations (the latter only in the less mobile groups). There was a trend toward a male advantage at the object location memory task, in contrast to results found previously in nonforaging populations, and women's performance at the task deteriorated with age, while that of men did not. The women who were nominated by peers as being good at finding bushfoods were consistently older women. We discuss the probable hormonal causes and functional consequences of age changes in the spatial competencies of female foragers. 相似文献
4.
Development of addiction to alcohol or other substances can be attributed in part to exposure-dependent modifications at synaptic
efficacy leading to an organism which functions at an altered homeostatic setpoint. Genetic factors may also influence setpoints
and the stability of the homeostatic system of an organism. Quantitative genetic analysis of voluntary alcohol drinking, and
mapping of the involved genes in the quasi-congenic Recombinant QTL Introgression strain system, identified Eac2 as a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) on mouse chromosome 6 which explained 18% of the variance with an effect size of 2.09 g/kg/day
alcohol consumption, and Grm7 as a quantitative trait gene underlying Eac2 [Vadasz et al. in Neurochem Res 32:1099–1112, 100, Genomics 90:690–702, 102]. In earlier studies, the product of Grm7 mGluR7, a G protein-coupled receptor, has been implicated in stress systems [Mitsukawa et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:18712–18717,
63], anxiety-like behaviors [Cryan et al. in Eur J Neurosci 17:2409–2417, 14], memory [Holscher et al. in Learn Mem 12:450–455, 26], and psychiatric disorders (e.g., [Mick et al. in Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B:1412–1418, 61; Ohtsuki et al. in Schizophr Res 101:9–16, 72; Pergadia et al. in Paper presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, Louisville, Kentucky,
USA, 76]. Here, in experiments with mice, we show that (1) Grm7 knockout mice express increased alcohol consumption, (2) sub-congenic, and congenic mice carrying a Grm7 variant characterized by higher Grm7 mRNA drink less alcohol, and show a tendency for higher circadian dark phase motor activity in a wheel running paradigm,
respectively, and (3) there are significant genetic differences in Grm7 mRNA abundance in the mouse brain between congenic and background mice identifying brain areas whose function is implicated
in addiction related processes. We hypothesize that metabotropic glutamate receptors may function as regulators of homeostasis,
and Grm7 (mGluR7) is involved in multiple processes (including stress, circadian activity, reward control, memory, etc.) which interact
with substance use and the development of addiction. In conclusion, we suggest that mGluR7 is a significant new therapeutic
target in addiction and related neurobehavioral disorders. 相似文献
5.
Achim Schützwohl Amrei Fuchs William F. McKibbin Todd K. Shackelford 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》2009,20(3):282-293
In their classic study of differences in mating strategies, Clark and Hatfield (1989, Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 2, 39–54) found that men and women demonstrated a striking difference in interest in casual sex. The current study examined
the role of an imagined requestor’s physical attractiveness (slightly unattractive, moderately attractive, and exceptionally
attractive) on men’s and women’s willingness to accept three different requests (go out, come to apartment, go to bed) as
reflected in answers to a questionnaire. We tested two hypotheses with a sample of 427 men and 443 women from three countries.
Hypothesis 1 states that men, relative to women, will demonstrate a greater willingness to accept the “come to apartment”
and “go to bed” requests but not the “go out” request for all three levels of requestor attractiveness. This hypothesis reflects
Clark and Hatfield’s main findings. Hypothesis 2 states that the physical attractiveness of a potential partner will have
a greater effect on women’s than on men’s willingness to accept all three requests, and particularly for the explicit request
for casual sex. The results partially supported Hypothesis 1 and fully supported Hypothesis 2. The discussion highlights limitations
of the current research and presents directions for future research. 相似文献
6.
Kijimoto-Ochiai S Koda T Suwama T Matsukawa H Fujii M Tomobe K Nishimura M 《Glycoconjugate journal》2008,25(8):787-796
We have already reported that the homogenate of the A/J mouse thymus shows a high sialidase activity at the neutral pH region
and that in both soluble and membrane fractions optimal pH was 6.5–7 (Kijimoto-Ochiai et al., Glycoconj. J., 20:375–384, 2004). In the present study, we investigated the level of sialidase activities in the thymus of the SM/J mouse, a mouse strain
that we know to have a Neu1a allele that reveals a low level of sialidase activity in the liver. We found that while in the A/J thymus the soluble sialidase
activity at pH 6.5 was high, the SM/J thymus lacked all such activity. A QTL analysis of SMXA recombinant inbred strains showed
that soluble sialidase activity correlated well with the D1Mit8/9 marker on chromosome 1. The murine whole DNA-sequence data
and the results of our FISH analysis (Kotani et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 286:250–258, 2001) showed that this location is consistent with the position of Neu2 gene. We confirmed that it is hard to detect the Neu2
enzyme of the SM/J mouse thymus by an anti-Neu2 antibody using a Western blot analysis. We also found that while the mRNA
expression of Neu2 was quite normal in the SM/J mouse liver, it was very low in the SM/J mouse thymus. We therefore conclude
that the lack of soluble sialidase activity in the SM/J mouse thymus is due to the thymus-specific low expression level of
the Neu2 gene. We have previously shown that the sialidase positive cell which contains the Mac-1 and immunoglobulin, and
which is located sparsely in the corticomedullar region or medullary region of the A/J mouse thymus (Kijimoto-Ochiai et al., Glycoconj. J., 20:375–384, 2004). We showed now in this paper that the detection of this cell in the SM/J mouse thymus at pH 7.0 was difficult. We propose,
therefore, to name the cell “Neu-medullocyte”. 相似文献
7.
Socioecological models suggest competition for food, foraging efficiency, predation, infanticide risk, and the costs of dispersal
regulate primate social structure and organization. Wild populations of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) appear to conform to the predictions of the predation/competition socioecological model (Sterck et al. in Behav Ecol
Sociobiol 41:291–309, 1997) and the dispersal/foraging efficiency model (Isbell in Kinship and behavior in primates. Oxford University, New York, pp
71–108, 2004). However, squirrel monkeys in captivity are reported to maintain patterns of social behavior observed in their wild conspecifics
despite different food distribution, predation risk, and dispersal options. This behavioral similarity suggests squirrel monkeys’
social behavior has limited flexibility to respond to environmental changes. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the
flexibility of social behavior within a captive group of S. sciureus. First, we determined whether dominance and affiliative relationships observed under normal laboratory conditions (with abundant,
widely distributed, food; no dispersal option; and no predators) better matched published reports of relationships among wild
conspecifics or the predictions of the predation/competition model. Second, we made preferred food items defensible to determine
whether dominance interactions would become more frequent and linear, as predicted by the model. The model correctly predicted
rates of dominance behavior in both conditions and a linear hierarchy in the defensible food condition but did not predict
the consistent affiliative relationships and linear dominance hierarchy observed in normal lab conditions. Although hierarchies
were linear and male dominant, manipulating food distribution changed the dominant individual within each sex. Our findings
suggest interaction rates adapt more rapidly than social structure to environmental changes in Saimiri and recommend caution in interpreting tests of socioecological models. 相似文献
8.
Siderophore production by marine-derived fungi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
9.
Dušan Gömöry Roman Longauer Ladislav Paule Diana Krajmerová Jarmila Schmidtová 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2010,19(7):2025-2038
The study focuses on geographical patterns of genetic variation at allozyme loci common for four main tree species of Central
Europe (Norway spruce, silver fir, common beech and sessile oak). Moving-window averaging of four indicators of allelic richness
and diversity (proportion of polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles and expected
heterozygosity) with window size of 50 × 50 km was used to identify the patterns. Moreover, local genetic divergence was assessed
using the G
ST
(Nei, Molecular population genetic and evolution, Amsterdam and Oxford, North-Holland, 1975) and D
j
(Gregorius and Roberds, Theor Appl Genet 71:826–834, 1986) statistics for common beech and silver fir, where raw genotype data were available. Spatial patterns of diversity and allelic
richness were quite similar. Romanian Carpathians were identified as the most important hotspot of genetic diversity and evolutionary
divergence in Central Europe. Implications for genetic conservation are briefly discussed. 相似文献
10.
Lee Altenberg 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》2009,71(5):1264-1284
The evolution of genetic systems has been analyzed through the use of modifier gene models, in which a neutral gene is posited
to control the transmission of other genes under selection. Analysis of modifier gene models has found the manifestations
of an “evolutionary reduction principle”: in a population near equilibrium, a new modifier allele that scales equally all
transition probabilities between different genotypes under selection can invade if and only if it reduces the transition probabilities.
Analytical results on the reduction principle have always required some set of constraints for tractability: limitations to
one or two selected loci, two alleles per locus, specific selection regimes or weak selection, specific genetic processes
being modified, extreme or infinitesimal effects of the modifier allele, or tight linkage between modifier and selected loci.
Here, I prove the reduction principle in the absence of any of these constraints, confirming a twenty-year-old conjecture.
The proof is obtained by a wider application of Karlin’s Theorem 5.2 (Karlin in Evolutionary biology, vol. 14, pp. 61–204,
Plenum, New York, 1982) and its extension to ML-matrices, substochastic matrices, and reducible matrices.
Dedicated to my doctoral advisor Marc Feldman on his 65th birthday, and to the memory of Marc’s doctoral advisor, Sam Karlin,
who each laid the foundations necessary for these results; and to my mother Elizabeth Lee and to the memory of my father Roger
Altenberg, who together laid the foundation necessary for me. 相似文献
11.
Etzel CJ Chen WV Shepard N Jawaheer D Cornelis F Seldin MF Gregersen PK Amos CI;North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium 《Human genetics》2006,119(6):634-641
Meta-analysis is being increasingly used as a tool for integrating data from different studies of complex phenotypes, because the power of any one study to identify causal loci is limited. We applied a novel meta-analytical approach (Loesgen et al. in Genet Epidemiol 21(Suppl 1):S142–S147, 2001) in compiling results from four studies of rheumatoid arthritis in Caucasians including two studies from NARAC (Jawaheer et al. in Am J Hum Genet 68:927–936, 2001; Jawaheer et al. in Arthritis Rheum 48:906–916, 2003), one study from the UK (MacKay et al. in Arthritis Rheum 46:632–639, 2001) and one from France (Cornelis et al. in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:10746–10750, 1998). For each study, we obtained NPL scores by performing interval mapping (2 cM intervals) using GeneHunter2 (Kruglyak et al. in Am J Hum Genet 58:1347–1363, 1996; Markianos et al. in Am J Hum Genet 68:963–977, 2001). The marker maps differed among the three consortium groups, therefore, the marker maps were aligned after the interval mapping was completed and the NPL scores that were within 1 cM of each other were combined using the method of Loesgen et al. (Genet Epidemiol 21(Suppl 1):S142–S147, 2001) by calculating the weighted average of the NPL score. This approach avoids some problems in analysis encountered by using GeneHunter2 when some markers in the sample are not genotyped. This procedure provided marginal evidence (P<0.05) of linkage on chromosome 1, 2, 5 and 18, strong evidence (P<0.01) on chromosomes 8 and 16, and overwhelming evidence in the HLA region of chromosome 6. 相似文献
12.
Single cell recordings in monkey inferior temporal cortex (IT) and area V4 during visual search tasks indicate that modulation
of responses by the search target object occurs in the late portion of the cell’s sensory response (Chelazzi et al. in J Neurophysiol
80:2918–2940, 1998; Cereb Cortex 11:761–772, 2001) whereas attention to a spatial location influences earlier responses (Luck et al. in J Neurophysiol 77:24–42, 1997). Previous computational models have not captured differences in the latency of these attentional effects and yet the more
protracted development of the object-based effect could have implications for behaviour. We present a neurodynamic biased
competition model of visual attention in which we aimed to model the timecourse of spatial and object-based attention in order
to simulate cellular responses and saccade onset times observed in monkey recordings. In common with other models, a top-down
prefrontal signal, related to the search target, biases activity in the ventral visual stream. However, we conclude that this
bias signal is more complex than modelled elsewhere: the latency of object-based effects in V4 and IT, and saccade onset,
can be accurately simulated when the target object feedback bias consists of a sensory response component in addition to a
mnemonic response. These attentional effects in V4 and IT cellular responses lead to a system that is able to produce search
scan paths similar to those observed in monkeys and humans, with attention being guided to locations containing behaviourally
relevant stimuli. This work demonstrates that accurate modelling of the timecourse of single cell responses can lead to biologically
realistic behaviours being demonstrated by the system as a whole. 相似文献
13.
F. Ann Walker 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2006,11(4):391-397
The 1H NMR chemical shifts of the heme methyl groups of the ferriheme complex of metneuroglobin (Du et al. in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125:8080–8081, 2003) predict orientations of the axial histidine ligands (Shokhirev and Walker in J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 3:581–594, 1998) that are not consistent with the X-ray data (Vallone et al. in Proteins Struct. Funct. Bioinf. 56:85–94, 2004), and the EPR spectrum (Vinck et al. in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126:4516–4517, 2004) is only marginally consistent with these data. The reasons for these inconsistencies appear to be rooted in the high degree of aqueous solution exposure of the heme group and the fact that there are no strong hydrogen-bond acceptors for the histidine imidazole N–H protons provided by the protein. Similar inconsistencies may exist for other water-soluble heme proteins, and 1H NMR spectroscopy provides a simple means to verify whether the solution structure of the heme center is the same as or different from that in the crystalline state. 相似文献
14.
Forsdyke DR 《Journal of the history of biology》2012,45(1):139-161
Observations suggesting the existence of natural antibody prior to exposure of an organism to the corresponding antigen, led
to the natural selection theory of antibody formation of Jerne in 1955, and to the two signal hypothesis of Forsdyke in 1968.
Aspects of these were not only first discoveries but also foundational discoveries in that they influenced contemporaries
in a manner that, from our present vantage point, appears to have been constructive. Jerne’s later hypothesis (1971, European Journal of Immunology 1: 1–9), that antibody-like receptors on lymphocytes were selected over evolutionary time for reactivity with the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) antigens of the species, was a first, but it was incorrect, and was foundational only to the extent that it
emphasized the need to explain the Simonsen phenomenon. Although easily construed as derivative of Jerne (1971), the affinity/avidity model of Forsdyke (1975, Journal of Theoretical Biology 52: 187–198), which predicted that cell-surface components, including MHC antigens, would restrict antigen-reactivity by
somatically shaping lymphocyte repertoires, was actually an extension of the two signal hypothesis. While presenting a mechanism
for the positive selection of lymphocyte repertoires, and explaining the Simonsen phenomenon, the affinity/avidity model was
not foundational in that it had to be independently rediscovered. For science to advance optimally we must seek to close temporal
gaps so that first discoveries are also foundational. Listening to young scientists may be part of the solution. 相似文献
15.
A Closer Look at Amphetamine-Induced Reverse Transport and Trafficking of the Dopamine and Norepinephrine Transporters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amphetamine (AMPH) and its derivatives are regularly used in the treatment of a wide array of disorders such as attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity, traumatic brain injury, and narcolepsy (Prog Neurobiol 75:406–433, 2005; J Am Med Assoc 105:2051–2054, 1935; J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:514–521, 2002; Neuron 43:261–269, 2004; Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 47:681–698, 2007; Drugs Aging 21:67–79, 2004). Despite the important medicinal role for AMPH, it is more widely known for its psychostimulant and addictive properties
as a drug of abuse. The primary molecular targets of AMPH are both the vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) and plasma
membrane monoamine—dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT)—transporters. The rewarding and addicting properties
of AMPH rely on its ability to act as a substrate for these transporters and ultimately increase extracellular levels of monoamines.
AMPH achieves this elevation in extracellular levels of neurotransmitter by inducing synaptic vesicle depletion, which increases
intracellular monoamine levels, and also by promoting reverse transport (efflux) through plasma membrane monoamine transporters
(J Biol Chem 237:2311–2317, 1962; Med Exp Int J Exp Med 6:47–53, 1962; Neuron 19:1271–1283, 1997; J Physiol 144:314–336, 1958; J Neurosci 18:1979–1986, 1998; Science 237:1219–1223, 1987; J Neurosc 15:4102–4108, 1995). This review will focus on two important aspects of AMPH-induced regulation of the plasma membrane monoamine transporters—transporter
mediated monoamine efflux and transporter trafficking. 相似文献
16.
Christina M. Grozinger Gene E. Robinson 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2007,193(4):461-470
Pheromones cause dramatic changes in behavior and physiology, and are critical for honey bee colony organization. Queen mandibular
pheromone (QMP) regulates multiple behaviors in worker bees (Slessor et al. in J Chem Ecol 31(11):2731–2745, 2005). We also identified genes whose brain expression levels were altered by exposure to QMP (Grozinger et al. in Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 100(Suppl 2):14519–14525, 2003). Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) RNA levels were significantly downregulated by QMP, and were higher in foragers than in nurses (Whitfield et al. in Science
302(5643):296–299, 2003). Here we report on results of behavioral and pharmacological experiments that characterize factors regulating expression
of Kr-h1. Foragers have higher brain levels of Kr-h1 than in-hive bees, regardless of age and pheromone exposure. Furthermore, forager Kr-h1 levels were not affected by QMP. Since the onset of foraging is caused, in part, by increasing juvenile hormone blood titers
and brain octopamine levels, we investigated the effects of octopamine and methoprene (a juvenile hormone analog) on Kr-h1 expression. Methoprene produced a marginal (not significant) increase in Kr-h1 expression, but Kr-h1 brain levels in methoprene-treated bees were no longer downregulated by QMP. Octopamine did not modulate Kr-h1 expression. Our results demonstrate that the gene expression response to QMP is not hard-wired in the brain but is instead
dependent on worker behavioral state. 相似文献
17.
The Protein Kinase C family of enzymes is a group of serine/threonine kinases that play central roles in cell-cycle regulation,
development and cancer. A key step in the activation of PKC is translocation to membranes and binding of membrane-associated
activators including diacylglycerol (DAG). Interaction of novel and conventional isotypes of PKC with DAG and phorbol esters
occurs through the two C1 regulatory domains (C1A and C1B), which exhibit distinct ligand binding selectivity that likely
controls enzyme activation by different co-activators. PKC has also been implicated in physiological responses to alcohol
consumption and it has been proposed that PKCα (Slater et al. J Biol Chem 272(10):6167–6173, 1997; Slater et al. Biochemistry 43(23):7601–7609, 2004), PKCε (Das et al. Biochem J 421(3):405–413, 2009) and PKCδ (Das et al. J Biol Chem 279(36):37964–37972, 2004; Das et al. Protein Sci 15(9):2107–2119, 2006) contain specific alcohol-binding sites in their C1 domains. We are interested in understanding how ethanol affects signal
transduction processes through its affects on the structure and function of the C1 domains of PKC. Here we present the 1H, 15N and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments for the Rattus norvegicus PKCδ C1A and C1B proteins. 相似文献
18.
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans secretome containing a newly described lipoprotein Licanantase enhances chalcopyrite bioleaching rate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The nature of the mineral–bacteria interphase where electron and mass transfer processes occur is a key element of the bioleaching
processes of sulfide minerals. This interphase is composed of proteins, metabolites, and other compounds embedded in extracellular
polymeric substances mainly consisting of sugars and lipids (Gehrke et al., Appl Environ Microbiol 64(7):2743–2747, 1998). On this respect, despite Acidithiobacilli—a ubiquitous bacterial genera in bioleaching processes (Rawlings, Microb Cell
Fact 4(1):13, 2005)—has long been recognized as secreting bacteria (Jones and Starkey, J Bacteriol 82:788–789, 1961; Schaeffer and Umbreit, J Bacteriol 85:492–493, 1963), few studies have been carried out in order to clarify the nature and the role of the secreted protein component: the secretome.
This work characterizes for the first time the sulfur (meta)secretome of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans strain DSM 17318 in pure and mixed cultures with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans DSM 16786, identifying the major component of these secreted fractions as a single lipoprotein named here as Licanantase.
Bioleaching assays with the addition of Licanantase-enriched concentrated secretome fractions show that this newly found lipoprotein
as an active protein additive exerts an increasing effect on chalcopyrite bioleaching rate. 相似文献
19.
Daniel Pérusse 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》1994,5(3):255-278
Most research on mate choice in modern societies is based on data that may or may not reflect actual mating behavior (e.g.,
stated preferences, personal advertisements). In the present study, real-life matings were reported by a large representative
sample of men and women (N = 1,133). These data were used to test an evolutionary model in which mate choice is hypothesized to depend on resources
potentially contributed to reproduction by each sex. Consistent with the model, it was found that (a) men (but not women) of higher social status acquire more mating partners, suggesting that male status is an important criterion
in female choice; (b) women’s (but not men’s) number of partners decreases linearly with age, suggesting that female reproductive potential is
an important criterion in male choice; and (c) women (but not men) display a significant relationship between marital dissolution and promiscuity, suggesting that female
sexual exclusivity is an important criterion in male choice. These results are discussed in relation to understanding mate
choice mechanisms from behavioral data.
Daniel Pérusse is an assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology at the Université de Montréal. His research interests
include the evolutionary biology of human social and reproductive behavior, sexual selection theory, and biocultural evolution.
His current research bears on human socialization processes and psychosocial development from an evolutionary and behavior-genetic
perspective. Recent publications include “Cultural and Reproductive Success in Industrial Societies: Testing the Relationship
at the Proximate and Ultimate Levels” (Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16(2):267–322, 1993) and “Human Parental Behavior: Evidence for Genetic Influence and Potential Implications for Gene-Culture
Theory” with M. C. Neale, A. Heath, and L. J. Eaves (Behavior Genetics, in press). 相似文献
20.
John T. Salvucci 《Cell and tissue banking》2011,12(2):99-104
Over the past 57 years, 17 recipients of frozen bone have been infected with: HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
in Morb Mortal Wkly Rep MMWR 37(39):597–599, 1988; Li et al. in J Formos Med Assoc 100(5):350–351, 2001; Simonds et al. in NEJM 326(11):726–732, 1992; Schratt et al. in Unfallchirurg 99(9):679–684, 1996); HCV (Eggen and Nordbo in NEJM 326(6):411, 1992; Conrad et al. in J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:214–224, 1995; Trotter in J Bone Joint Surg Am 851(11):2215–2217, 2003; Tugwell et al. in Ann of Internal Med 143(9):648–654, 2005); or HBV (Shutkin in J Bone Joint Surg Am 36:160–162, 1954). However, bone, lyophilized and stored at room temperature, has never transmitted these viral diseases. A literature review
was undertaken to determine whether there is any evidence that lyophilized bone is capable of transmitting HIV, HCV and HBV. 相似文献