大鼠脑内血管的单胺能神经分布——免疫组织化学法研究

本实验应用ABC免疫过氧化物酶法,以酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)作为标记物,观察了10只Wistar大鼠脑实质内血管的中枢去甲肾上腺素能神经分布。脑实质内血管壁明显可见免疫反应阳性去甲肾上腺素能神经纤维。对端脑皮质、海马、下丘脑、脑桥、延髓各部位血管的神经形态进行了描述。皮质血管的阳性纤维数量较多,纤维较细,相互交织成网,膨体可见;髓质内血管的阳性纤维较稀,似线样结构。讨论了中枢去甲肾上腺素能神经对脑实质内血管以及局部脑循环的作用。     

ET-1神经分布异常与高血压鼠脑动脉神经源性调节的关系

目的探讨ET-1（Endothelin-1,ET-1）能神经纤维分布与高血压鼠脑血管的神经源性调节的关系,探讨ET-1神经是否参与高血压时期脑血流的调节。方法应用免疫组织化学技术观察自发性高血压鼠和Wistar正常血压鼠脑底动脉（包括大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉和基底动脉）ET-1能神经纤维的分布密度和走行方式。结果自发性高血压鼠和Wistar正常血压鼠脑底动脉均可见棕褐色的ET-1能免疫反应阳性纤维,似细线状,攀附于血管壁上,自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉各主要分支ET-1能免疫反应阳性纤维密度较Wistar正常血压鼠明显增加,纤维走行大多呈网状。结论实验结果提示自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉增加的ET-1能免疫反应阳性纤维可能与脑血管的神经源性调节有关;高密度的ET-1能神经纤维可能涉及高血压时期脑血流的调节。     

大鼠脑内血管的单胺能神经起源的观察──免疫组织化学研究

本研究采用直流电极单极损毁核团法及ＡＢＣ免疫过氧化物酶法,以酪氨酸羟化酶（ＴＨ）作为标记物,观察了２８只（分正常组、手术Ⅰ组、手术Ⅱ组、手术Ⅲ组）成年Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大白鼠脑实质内血管的单胺能神经纤维的起始核团。正常组蓝斑区及脑桥网状结构内均可见大量密集的免疫反应阳性细胞体及交织成网的阳性纤维,端脑、间脑、中脑及脑桥各部血管壁上可见棕褐色的免疫反应阳性纤维;手术Ⅰ组损毁蓝斑,该区阳性细胞体及纤维消失,同时观察到端脑皮质、间脑、中脑及脑桥实质内血管壁上的阳性纤维数量明显减少;手术Ⅱ组同时损毁蓝斑及脑桥网状核,脑各部实质内血管的阳性纤维均不可见;手术Ⅲ组损毁脑桥网状核,端脑、间脑、中脑及脑桥实质内血管壁上仍可见棕褐色的阳性纤维。结果提示：脑实质内血管的单胺能神经纤维除主要起源于蓝斑外,还与脑桥网状结构有关。讨论了脑内血管的单胺能神经起源对脑实质内血管的单胺能神经及对脑内微循环的调控作用。     

自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉单胺能神经起源的观察——免疫组织化学法研究

应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法和颈上神经节切除术,观察了１５只自发性高血压鼠（ＳＨＲ）（分手术Ⅰ组、手术Ⅱ组和对照组）脑底血管主要动脉单胺能神经纤维的起源。对照组自发性高血压鼠脑底主要动脉分支,大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉均可见棕褐色的免疫反应阳性纤维。手术Ⅰ组作左侧颈上神经节切除术,同侧大脑前动脉、大脑中劝脉和大脑后动脉的免疫反应阳性纤维明显减少,对侧各同部位血管的阳性纤维也有减少;手术Ⅱ组作双侧颈上神经节切除术,双侧大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉的免疫反应阳性纤维基本消失。结果提示：自发性高血压鼠脑血管一侧颈内动脉系各主要动脉分支的交感神经纤维,起源于双侧颈上神经节。讨论了颈上神经节切除对探讨高血压病的发病机理可能的作用。     

易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠中枢和血管中血管紧张素Ⅱ与血压变化关系

工作分析了不同年龄易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠（SHRSP）主动脉中血管紧张素Ⅱ（AⅡ）含量与收缩压（SBP）间的关系。SHRSP的SBP在12及16周龄时均持续上升,20周龄时不再继续上升但维持在高水平;三个年龄组的SHRSP的主动脉AⅡ含量均明显高于同年龄WKY对照鼠,向SHRSP侧脑室灌注巯甲丙脯氨酸四周不仅降低脑区中AⅡ含量,而且具有明显降压效应,同时显著降低主动脉AⅡ含量及血浆、主动脉中去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素水平,上述结果证实了SHRSP血管中肾素-血管紧张素系统活动的异常与高血压发病学间的密切关系,提示中枢AⅡ可能通过易化外周交感-肾上腺系统活动调节血管中AⅡ水平。     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化对中枢肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素含量的影响

自发性高血压大鼠中枢肾上腺能递质含量异常,然其原因仍不清楚。本工作发现:12周龄易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRSP)脑桥,下丘脑后部、尾核中去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量及延髓、下丘脑前部,下丘脑后部中肾上腺素(E)含量均高于同龄 Wista Kyoto 大鼠(WKY),SHRSP 中枢 AⅡ含量亦明显高于同龄 WKY;向8周龄 SHRSP 和 WKY 侧脑室慢性灌注巯甲丙脯氨酸,不仅降低动脉血压及各脑区AⅡ含量,亦使中枢 NE 及 E 水平下降,但巯甲丙脯氨酸对 SHRSP 的影响远较对 WKY 明显。结果提示:SHRSP 中枢肾上腺能递质含量增加可能与 SHRSP 中枢 AⅡ量含量升高以及 SHRSP 中枢 AⅡ对中枢肾上腺能递质的促释放调节机制明显易化有关。     

肾神经传入纤维在DOCA─salt大鼠高血压形成中的作用

于大鼠皮下埋入含醋酸去氧皮质酮（ＤＯＣＡ）的硅胶管以形成ＤＯＣＡ－ｓａｌｔ高血压,其中一组动物在埋管前切除（Ｔ＿９－Ｌ＿２）脊髓右侧背根神经,每周以尾套法测定大鼠收缩压,埋管后６周测定大鼠脑和血浆中儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）的浓度,用电脑血管显微图像分析系统测量血管的结构变化。与对照鼠相比,ＤＯＣＡ－ｓａｌｔ高血压大鼠下丘脑和延脑的肾上腺素含量和ＡｎｇⅡ放免活性及血浆去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）浓度均明显增加,血浆ＡｎｇⅡ浓度降低,心系数（心重／体重）和肠系膜动脉的中层厚度、壁厚与腔径（壁腔）比值增大;切除脊髓背根可明显延缓ＤＯＣＡ－ｓａｌｔ高血压的形成、预防以上组织ＣＡ浓度和ＡｎｇⅡ放免活性增加以及缓解心肌和血管平滑肌的肥厚。提示,肾神经传入纤维在ＤＯＣＡ－ｓａｌｔ高血压形成中起作用,其机制可能通过影响脑内肾上腺素能神经元和激活脑肾素－血管紧张素系统增加交感传出而起作用。     

自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的起源

应用免疫组织化学ABC法和神经节切除术,观察了16只自发性高血压鼠（分手术Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照组）脑底动脉主要分支神经肽Y能神经纤维的起源,对照组自发性高血压鼠大脑前动脉,大脑中动脉,大脑后动脉和基底动脉壁上均可见棕褐色的神经肽Y能阳性纤维,纤维似曲线状,多呈网状走行,密度较高,手术Ⅰ组作双侧颈上神经节切除术,脑底动脉主要分支的阳性纤维明显减少,但不完全消失,手术Ⅱ组作双侧星状神经节切除术,脑底动脉主要分支壁上的阳性纤维明显减少;手术Ⅲ组作双侧颈上神经节和星状神经节切除术,脑底动脉主要分支的阳性纤维完全消失,结果提示;自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉主要分支神经肽Y能神经纤维起源于双侧颈上神经节和星状神经节,讨论了NPY神经在高血压时期在防御脑中风和血脑屏障破裂方面所起的作用。     

自发性高血压大鼠中枢去甲肾上腺素与血管紧张素Ⅱ的含量及相互关系

用荧光分光与放射免疫法,分别测定自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)与正常血压 WKY:大鼠脑内不同部位的去甲肾上腺素(NE)与血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅠ)的含量。用尾筒法测量清醒大鼠尾动脉压。结果发现第8周龄 SHR 的血压及延脑、脑桥、下丘脑与尾核 NE 与 A Ⅱ含量和同龄WKY 相比,无明显差异。第12周龄以后,SHR 的血压逐渐升高,至20周龄时不再升高,维持在接近16周龄时的水平。可是 WKY 的血压无明显变化。在血压升高的早期与后期SHR 延脑、脑桥、下丘脑及尾核内 AⅡ含量显著高于 WKY,但 NE 的含量变化却不同,在早期与 WKY 有明显差异,而在高血压的后期无明显差异。提示在 SHR 高血压的早期 NE与 A Ⅱ均起作用,而在后期只 A Ⅱ起作用。向 SHR 侧脑室分别注射 Captopril 与6-OHDA,均引起血压下降,延脑与下丘脑内 AⅡ与 NE 含量均下降,两者表现同向关系。SHR 脑内AⅡ与 NE 这种同向变化在高血压的发生中可能起重要作用。     

氟烷对慢性缺氧兔心肌β肾上腺素能受体的影响

用放射配基结合法和高效液相色谱电化学法分别测定氟烷对慢性缺氧免心肌β肾上腺素能受体（简称β受体）和血浆儿茶酚胺的影响。结果表明：慢性缺氧后兔心肌β受体密度明显下降,受体亲和力无明显变化,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素明显升高。缺氧吸入氟烷后兔心肌β受体密度进一步下降,亲和力增加,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素无进一步变化。常氧吸入氟烷后心肌β受体密度无明显变化,亲和力升高,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素反而降低。结果提示,氟烷抑制常氧兔交感神经活动而不能抑制缺氧兔交感神经活动,氟烷不改变常氧兔心肌β受体密度,但降低缺氧兔心肌β受体密度。β受体密度降低与缺氧后升高的儿茶酚胺下调β受体数目有关,同时可能与氟烷改变了缺氧心肌细胞膜脂质流动性使受体易向膜内移动有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.