39个樱花品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

樱花为世界著名的早春观赏花木之一,品种繁多、来源复杂,造成了樱花品种在分类、鉴定上的困难。为探讨ISSR分子标记方法在樱花品种分类上应用的可行性,对引自日本的39个樱花品种进行ISSR亲缘关系分析。选用14条扩增带型清晰且重复性好的引物共获得109条谱带,其中102条呈多态性,多态性比例(PPB)为93.58%,表明樱花品种遗传多样性较高。39个樱花品种的Nei’s遗传相似性系数介于0.493~0.942,平均值为0.727,表明品种间亲缘关系较近。根据Nei’s遗传相似性系数在0.697处,UPGMA聚类结果显示39个品种分为两个类群,在0.738处可进一步分为4个亚类群,聚类结果较好地支持了川崎哲也的樱花7组分类标准,也表明ISSR分子标记方法适用于樱花品种的分类。聚类结果还表明樱花的花序、花型和花色也可作为品种分类的重要指标。     

西瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用 RAPD 技术对国内外32份西瓜主栽品种与其骨干亲本及野生类型的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物(10bp)中筛选出15个能产生稳定多态性的引物用于 RAPD 反应,共扩增出104条 DNA 带,其中多态性 DNA 条带43条,占41.35%,平均每个引物扩增的 DNA 条带的数目为7.0条。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群:1个东亚生态型类群、1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群,与传统的西瓜生态型分类基本吻合。每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增(缺失)条带,同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。本实验结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作物,而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。     

西瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对国内外32份西瓜主栽品种与其骨干亲本及野生类型的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从720个随机引物（10bp)中筛选出15个能产生稳定多态性的引物用于RAPD反应,共扩增出104条DNA带,其中多态性DNA条带43条,占41．35％,平均每个引物扩增的DNA条带的数目为7．0条。聚类分析将供试材料分为6个类群：1个东亚生态型类群、1个美国生态型类群、2个中间生态型类群和2个非洲野生型类群,与传统的西瓜生态型分类基本吻合。每个生态型类群都有其特有的扩增（缺失）条带,同时分析了同一生态型中各个品种之间的亲缘关系及其品种的特异条带。本实验结果不仅从分子水平验证了西瓜是遗传基础狭窄的作用,而且在分子水平对西瓜传统分类与地理生态型分类进行了分析。     

新疆石榴品种的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对23个石榴品种进行亲缘关系鉴定和品种分类研究.从50条10 bp随机引物中筛选出7条扩增效果较好的引物进行扩增,共扩增出88条带,其中多态性带为61条,多态率达69%.根据扩增结果进行UPGMA聚类分析,聚类结果将23个品种分为5大类群,第1类包括库尔勒市甜石榴与喀什市大籽甜石榴等甜石榴品种;第2类是阿图什市酸石榴;第3类包括喀什市阿奇克阿娜尔、叶城酸石榴等酸石榴品种;第4类包括吐鲁番市甜石榴、库车酸甜石榴等种间杂交和来源不详品种;第5类包括皮亚曼石榴和策勒1号等新疆优质石榴品种.研究结果表明:石榴品种间的遗传多态性有明显差异,即使父母本相同的品种也能区别.     

应用RAFD标记研究不同生态区谷子品种的遗传差异

应用RAPD标记对19份国内不同生态区的谷子品种的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明：分子水平上,不同生态区的谷子品种间存在一定的遗传差异,但遗传差异程度并不高。11个随机引物共扩增出54条多态性带,不同引物扩增的带数差异较大,每个引物可扩增2—8条多态性带,平均每个引物扩增出4．91条多态性带。引物1050扩增的多态性带最多(8条)。聚类结果表明,基于RAPD标记分析的遗传聚类群与生态类型有很大的一致性。     

巨峰葡萄系谱的SSR与RAPD分析

利用RAPD和SSR 2种标记分别对系谱关系明确的22个巨峰系葡萄品种进行聚类分析,以验证2种标记方法的正确性与可靠性.结果显示,11条RAPD引物和12对SSR引物,分别扩增了82和43个清晰的条带.RAPD与SSR引物扩增的条带中分别有58和31条多态性带,其多态性比率分别为70.7％和72.1％.2种分子标记聚类结果基本一致,并且都能有效地将品种区分开来以及正确反映22个葡萄品种的亲缘关系.研究结果说明RAPD和SSR 2种分子标记均适合于巨峰系葡萄的系谱分析和种质遗传多样性研究.     

叶子花种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系的RAPD和ISSR分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对48份叶子花种质进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。结果显示:(1)筛选出具有多态性的RAPD引物7条、ISSR引物11条,RAPD引物共扩增97条多态性条带,ISSR引物共扩增140条多态性带,多态性百分率均达100%。(2)根据两种标记的扩增结果,用UPGMA法对48份叶子花种质的聚类分析显示,48份供试材料间具有较丰富的遗传多样性,其品种间遗传相似系数RAPD为0.318 8～0.955 6,ISSR为0.349 5～0.900 0;两种分子标记均能清楚地将48份种质材料区分开来,对种质类群的划分结果基本一致,仅有些许差异。(3)聚类分析结果显示,48份种质可分为两大种系:1)B.glabra种系,其品种大多以其种内来源为主;2)涵盖了B.spectabilis、B.peruviana、B.×buttiana和B.×spectoglabra等4个种的种系,种质构成较为复杂。(4)两种标记聚类结果呈显著相关关系,相关系数为0.752 3。研究表明,对一些形态上无法细分的叶子花种质(类群),RAPD和ISSR分子标记是可靠的鉴别方法。     

采用RAPD技术探讨花椒的遗传多样性及其与环境的关系

采用RAPD分子标记方法分析11个花椒品种的遗传多样性,以及遗传多样性与环境因素的相关性。从60条随机引物中筛选出10条引物,共扩增出67条带,平均每个引物扩增出6．7条,其中56条具有多态性,多态比例为84％。根据品种间的遗传距离构建的聚类分析树状图,11个花椒品种的相似系数在0．08-0．92之间,可分为2个类群,这种分类与花椒的叶的外形分类结果一致。不同地域种植的同一品种材料遗传距离较大,显示花椒的遗传多样性与地域分布有关系。     

基于SSR标记的132份甘薯种质指纹图谱的构建及遗传多样性分析

利用SSR分子标记技术,构建132份甘薯种质的DNA指纹图谱,并进行遗传多样性分析,旨在为甘薯种质资源亲缘关系鉴定、分类提供理论依据。利用筛选的核心引物进行PCR扩增,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测显示,19对引物共扩增出232个条带,其中多态性条带165条,多态性比率为71.1%,平均每对引物扩增出8.68个条带,多态性信息含量变化范围在0.6706~0.9331之间,平均为0.8158;其中引物SSR9和引物C33可将132份种质完全区分开,并构建供试材料的DNA指纹图谱,供试材料遗传距离在0.0363~0.5939之间,平均为0.4087,表明种质资源间遗传多样性丰富。基于SSR标记对供试材料进行聚类分析,将供试材料分为2个类群,第Ⅰ类群分为两个亚类,第Ⅰ-1亚类包括济薯25和3份日本引进品种日本金千贯、安納芋、日本薯;第Ⅰ-2亚类包括济徐薯23、苏丹、济薯09281。第Ⅱ类群分为两个亚类,第Ⅱ-1亚类由S07甘薯品系和与其亲缘关系较近的20份甘薯种质组成;第Ⅱ-2亚类由剩余的70份甘薯种质组成,为甘薯分子辅助育种中亲本的选择提供理论依据。     

29个香蕉基因型遗传多样性的SRAP分析

采用SRAP分子标记技术对29个香蕉品种(系)的多样性进行研究,结果显示,64对SRAP引物中筛选出25个多态性较高的引物组合,共扩增出324条条带;UPGAM聚类图显示所有供试的29个香蕉品种(系)可分为2个类群且与基因型相一致;实验结果与形态、农艺性状标记分类基本一致。研究表明,SRAP技术可有效运用于香蕉基因型的遗传和育种研究。     

用RAPD技术探讨中国枣的种下划分

利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对14个枣Ziziphus jujuba 品种和1个野生种——泰山酸枣Z．spinosus的遗传变异进行了研究。从120个10-碱基随机引物中筛选出37个多态性引物用于正式扩增,共扩增出429条DNA带,其中多态性带214条,占49．88％。根据DNA扩增结果计算了品种及类型间遗传距离,并用UPGMA构建了聚类树状图。分析结果表明：龙爪枣 Z．jujuba var．tortuosa、葫芦枣 Z. jujuba var．lageniformis、无核枣 Z.jujuba var．anucleatus 等几个变种内的遗传距离大于变种间遗传距离,认为枣的变种划分是不自然的,宜并入其原变种;枣种下不宜设变种,对枣种下的众多品种,应根据品种间的遗传关系,直接划分品种群。     

Partial molecular characterization of some kiwi fruit cultivars by RAPD markers

Molecular variability among seven cultivars of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa was investigated through RAPD markers. Thirty four decamer primers were screened generating polymorphic patterns of amplified DNA for these cultivars. Twenty one selected primers gave clear and reporducible patterns. A total of 430 bands were produced and 29.37% of them were polymorphic. The patterns distinguished between the cultivars and their analysis established an approach to classification within A. deliciosa var. deliciosa based on RAPD markers. The dendrogram clearly differentiated male from female cultivars. While abbot and allison female cultivars were closely related, bruno and abbot female cultivars showed maximum dissimilarity.     

A new strategy employed for identification of sweet orange cultivars with RAPD markers

We optimized RAPD techniques by increasing the length of RAPD primers and performing a strict screening of PCR annealing temperature to distinguish 60 sweet orange cultivars from the Research Institute of Pomology at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A new approach called cultivar identification diagram (CID) was used to improve the efficiency of RAPD markers for cultivar identification. Thirteen effective primers were first screened from 54 RAPD arbitrary 11-mer primers based on their amplification products and amplified polymorphic bands; they were then used for PCR amplification of all 60 cultivars. All cultivars were manually and completely separated by the polymorphic bands appearing in DNA fingerprints from 13 primers; a CID of the 60 sweet orange cultivars was then constructed. This CID separated all the cultivars from each other, based on the polymorphic bands; the corresponding primers were marked in the correct positions on the sweet orange CID. The CID strategy facilitates the identification of fruit cultivars with DNA markers. This CID of sweet orange cultivars will be very useful for the protection of cultivar rights and for early identification of seedlings in the nursery industry.     

Genetic variation detected with RAPD markers among upland and lowland rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

Genetic variation of nine upland and four lowland rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated at the DNA level using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-two random primers were used to amplify DNA segments and 260 PCR products were obtained. The results of agarosegel electrophoretic analysis of these PCR products indicated that 208 (80%) were polymorphic. All 42 primers used in this experiment were amplified and typically generated one-to-four major bands. Only two primers showed no polymorphisms. In general, a higher level of polymorphism was found between japonica and indica subspecies while fewer polymorphisms were found between upland and lowland cultivars within the indica subspecies. A dendrogram that shows the genetic distances of 13 rice cultivars was constructed based on their DNA polymorphisms. Classification of rice cultivars based on the results from the RAPD analysis was identical to the previous classification based on isozyme analysis. This study demonstrated that RAPD analysis is a useful tool in determining the genetic relationships among rice cultivars.     

新疆吐鲁番荒漠土壤绿藻的多样性分析

应用RAPD技术对吐鲁番地区火焰山及艾丁湖区域分离的15株土壤绿藻(chlorophyta)品系的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系进行探讨。结果表明:从20个随机引物中,筛选出多态性和重复性较好且谱带清晰的引物8个,这8个引物扩增出的DNA片段大多在300～2 000 bp之间,所形成的多态性位点数差距较大,显示该区域土壤绿藻具有较丰富的遗传多样性;15株土壤绿藻扩增共得到74条谱带,71条多态性带,其多态性比率为95.95%;聚类分析显示15株土壤绿藻明显地聚为2大类,与其来源相对应,即隶属于同一亚组或相近亚组的不同种基本归为一类,其种间关系与传统的形态学分类结果相吻合。     

48个烟草品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD分子标记技术对48个烟草品种进行遗传多样性研究。从200个10bp的随机引物用RAPD方法筛选获得28个多态性引物,然后对48份烟草种质资源的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得184条DNA扩增片断带。其中多态性带86条,平均多态检出率为46.7%。48份材料的遗传距离为0~7.81,采用UPGMA法聚类分析,可将其分为两大类群,即黄花烟草群与普通烟草群,后者又可分为4组。     

Application of RAPD markers for characterization of γ-ray-induced rose mutants and assessment of genetic diversity

Six parent and their 12 gamma ray-induced somatic flower colour mutants of garden rose were characterized to discriminate the mutants from their respective parents and understanding the genetic diversity using Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 20 primers screened, 14 primers yielded completely identical fragments patterns. The other 7 primers gave highly polymorphic banding patterns among the radiomutants. All the cultivars were identified by using only 7 primers. Moreover, individual mutants were also distinguished by unique RAPD marker bands. Based on the presence or absence of the 48 polymorphic bands, the genetic variations within and among the 18 cultivars were measured. Genetic distance between all 18 cultivars varied from 0.40 to 0.91, as revealed by Jaccard’s coefficient matrix. A dendrogram was constructed based on the similarity matrix using the Neighbor Joining Tree method showed three main clusters. The present RAPD analysis can be used not only for estimating genetic diversity present in gamma ray-induced mutants but also for correct identification of mutant/new varieties for their legal protection under plant variety rights.     

利用RAPD标记分析大麦种质资源的遗传多样性

利用RAPD标记对19份西藏近缘野生大麦材料、33份我国不同省市的地方品种以及8份国外引进大麦品种共60份大麦种质资源的遗传多样性进行检测.结果表明材料间遗传差异明显.32个RAPD引物中,有25个引物(占78.13%)可扩增出清晰且具多态性的条带,另外7个引物能扩增出1～3条清晰但无多态性的条带.每个引物可扩增出1～8条多态性带,平均为3.72条.32个引物共产生119条DNA片段,其中87条具有多态性,多态性比率(PPB)为73.11%,平均多态信息量(PIC)为0.434;每个位点平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为2.304;材料间遗传相似系数GS变化范围为0.757～0.981,平均值为0.871.19份来源于西藏的近缘野生大麦材料间GS值变幅为0.818～0.969,平均为0.892;33份我国栽培大麦地方品种间的GS值变化范围为0.783～0.981,平均为0.879;8份分别来自8个国家的栽培大麦品种间的GS值变幅为0.820～0.956,平均为0.882.根据RAPD标记分析的结果,对60份大麦种质资源进行聚类分析,在平均GS值0.871水平上60份大麦材料可聚为5类,聚类结果能在一定程度上反应材料的地理分布关系,但某些相同地理来源的材料也较分散地分布在整个聚类树中.本研究从分子水平上进一步证明了我国栽培大麦丰富的遗传多样性,是世界栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心之一.     

二十八份玉米自交系的RAPD亲缘关系分析

采用RAPD技术,对28份玉米自交系的亲缘关系进行分析。旨在DNA水平上揭示玉米自交系之间的亲缘关系,为进一步提高玉米杂种优势利用水平提供有益的信息从100个10bp随机引物中筛选出24个多态性较好的引物,对28份玉米自交系DNA进行扩增,扩增出24张DNA指纹图谱,其中多态性DNA谱带106条,占总扩增带数的64％。利用DNA扩增结果进行聚类分析,建立了28个玉米自交系的亲缘天系树状图,将供试材料划分为五个类群,RAPD分析结果与已知系谱的亲缘关系基本一致。     

Cultivar Identification and Relationships in Pisum Sativum L. Based on RAPD and Isoenzymes

Two approaches were used to detect variability within 23 pea cultivars. Eight random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 163 bands (114 polymorphic), whereas five isoenzyme systems produced 25 bands (20 polymorphic). Both methods provided good results in finger-printing and identified all cultivars tested. Genetic similarity analysis (UPGMA) gave different results from RAPD and isoenzyme data. This could reflect different properties of both marker types. These data were also analysed using the bootstrap method, which supported the idea of one common progenitor of cultivated peas. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.