人神经生长因子融合蛋白的纯化及其生物活性的研究

用一株基因工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ２４２６／ｐＭＮ表达了麦芽糖结合蛋白－人神经生长因子融合蛋白,菌体超声破碎后,上清液经直链淀粉亲和柱一步即可获ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ纯融合蛋白,为麦芽糖结合蛋白与人神经生长因子的络合物,产率约１０％。产物用鸡胚背根神经节检测生物活性,１ＢＵ不大于１０ｎｇ,与小鼠颌下腺β神经生长因子具有类似生物活性。     

HIV-1 Gag蛋白在大肠杆菌表达系统中诱导和纯化条件的优化

为探讨诱导温度对于HIV-1 Gag在大肠杆菌中表达产物状态以及尿素浓度对蛋白纯化效果的影响, 将30oC和37oC诱导表达的包涵体分别溶于不同浓度的尿素, 比较溶解性的差异, 并比较复性的不同。将30oC诱导的目的蛋白分别用2 mol/L和8 mol/L尿素溶解后做层析分离, 比较两者的分离效果。结果发现, 与37oC相比, 30oC诱导表达的蛋白能有效溶于低浓度尿素, 并且更容易复性。与8 mol/L尿素溶解相比, 30oC诱导的包涵体用2 mol/L尿素溶解后通过凝胶过滤和离子交换层析纯化能得到更好的分离效果。这提示低温诱导的Gag包涵体中可能含有更多类似天然态构象的蛋白, 而低浓度尿素有利于保持包涵体中蛋白的天然态构象。从而为包涵体蛋白的诱导表达和分离纯化提供了参考。     

人神经生长因子融合蛋白的纯化及其生物活性的研究

用一株基因工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ２４２６／ｐＭＮ表达了麦芽糖结合蛋白－人神经生长因子融合蛋白．菌体超声破碎后,上清液经直链淀粉亲和柱一步即可获ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ纯融合蛋白（５５ｋＤ）,为麦芽糖结合蛋白（４２ｋＤ）与人神经生长因子（１３ｋＤ）的络合物,产率约１０％．产物用鸡胚背根神经节检测生物活性,１ＢＵ不大于１０ｎｇ,与小鼠颌下腺β神经生长因子具有类似生物活性     

一个新的蛋白质剪切系统及其剪切条件的研究

将含麦芽糖结合蛋白－内蛋白子－几丁质结合区（简称ＭＹＢ）基因的重组质粒ｐＭＹＢ１２９转入Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ２４２６,在ＬＢ培养基中发酵,ＩＰＴＧ低温诱导表达,菌体超声破碎,离心,上清液经直链淀粉糖亲和层析,获得ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳纯的前体蛋白ＭＹＢ．ＭＹＢ中内蛋白子的Ｎ端可被还原剂ＣｙＳＨ、ＤＴＴ、β－巯基乙醇等诱导发生剪切反应．结果表明,三种还原剂中以ＤＴＴ为最佳．同时对剪切过程中温度、ｐＨ值等影响进行了研究     

汉滩病毒糖蛋白G1G2和核蛋白NP在痘苗病毒天坛株中的联合表达

以汉滩病毒７６／１１８株Ｍ、Ｓ片段分别插入转南粒ＰＪＳＢ１１７５的Ｐ１１和Ｐ７．５启动子下游,构建成重组质粒ＰＪＳＢ１１７．５Ｓ。采用Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ转染针重组质粒分别与痘苗病毒天坛株ＴＫｖｖ和表达Ｓ片的重线痘苗病毒ＶＪＳＡ１１７５Ｓ进行共转染,免疫酶斑和蓝白筛法筛选并纯化,得到了重组病毒ＶＪＳＢ１１Ｍ５Ｓ。Ｂｕｄｒ的选择压力试验表明,外源基因确定插入在ＴＫ基因区;ＰＣＲ及打点杂交证实了两个片     

重组人骨形成蛋白—3成熟肽的表达,纯化及诱骨活性的研究

推测人骨形成蛋白３羧基端的１２７氨基酸的肽段为其成熟肽（ｈＢＭＰ３ｍ）。将编码此成熟肽的ｃＤＮＡ插入含ＰＬ启动子的表达质粒ｐＤＨ中,构建表达质粒ｐＤＨＢ３ｍ,转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。４２℃热诱导６ｈ后表达量达到最高水平,约占菌体总蛋白２８％;表达产物以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经分离和洗涤后,溶解于尿素,在变性溶解状态下经阳离子交换层析,目的蛋白纯度至少在９５％以上。再经稀释复性。然后将纯化、复性的重组人骨形成蛋白３成熟肽（ｒｈＢＭＰ３ｍ）植入小鼠肌肉间隙,于不同时间取材观察,在局部可见典型的软骨形成、软骨内成骨以及骨组织形成的过程,证实所制备的ｒｈＢＭＰ３ｍ具有明显的异位诱骨活性。     

IFA筛选经EMS诱导的沙眼衣原体突变株

目的:用甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethylmethylsulfone,EMS)诱导D型沙眼衣原体突变,利用间接免疫荧光法筛选出突变菌株,为研究不同衣原体基因的功能提供实验依据。方法:将D型沙眼衣原体标准株接种Mc Coy细胞,加入EMS诱导突变,收集存活菌株,利用空斑实验进行衣原体的分离和纯化,并用不同衣原体蛋白单克隆抗体做间接免疫荧光实验筛选突变株。结果:用间接免疫荧光筛选经EMS作用的沙眼衣原体,筛选出三株包涵体形态偏小的菌株(56#、58#、95#),一株圆形包涵体的突变株(61#)和一株D413N表达阴性的突变菌株(83#)。结论:用EMS作为诱导剂诱导D型沙眼衣原体突变,并成功筛选出三种突变株。为寻找衣原体功能基因与衣原体表型之间的联系奠定了实验基础。     

小鼠cAMP依赖的蛋白激酶催化亚基α的重组表达研究

将小鼠ｃＡＭＰ依赖的蛋白激酶（ｃＡＰＫ）催化亚基α（ｍＣα）分别以成熟、麦芽糖结合蛋白（ＭＢＰ）融合以及Ｎ端连续六个组氨酸（Ｈｉｓ_６）融合的形式在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达,且成熟及融合的重组ｍＣα均有明显的蛋白激酶活性,表明蛋白激酶催化核心结构具有相对的独立性。其中Ｈｉｓ_６－ｍＣα可利用金属离子（Ｎｉ￣（２＋））配体亲和层析（Ⅰ－ＭＡＣ）一步纯化,所得融合蛋白可通过Ｈｉｓ_６亲合手臂（Ｔａｇ）固相化于金属离子（Ｎｉ￣（２＋））配体亲和树脂上,为进一步利用ＰｈａｇｅＤｉｓｐｌａｙ多肽库筛选ｃＡＰＫ识别的底物序列和专一性抑制剂打下了基础。     

层粘连蛋白受体单克隆抗体抗原性质的鉴定

层粘连蛋白受体（ＬＮ－Ｒ）在癌细胞转移中具有重要作用。ＬＮ－Ｒ的单克隆抗体对于癌转移的基础研究及诊治应用都具有重要意义。本文旨在确定来自人肺巨细胞癌（ＰＧ）细胞ＬＮ－Ｒ的一种单克隆抗体（ＭｃＢ１）的抗原性质。经纯化的ＭｃＢ１能与完整细胞表面、细胞质膜提取物及纯化的ＬＮ－Ｒ制品特异性结合。实验证明经亲和层析纯化的ＬＮ－Ｒ制品中含有膜糖脂,用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及转移电泳将其所复合的膜脂去除后,仍具有与ＭｃＢ１结合的活性,表明此ＭｃＢ１所针对的抗原与其复合的膜糖脂无关。将含ＬＮ－Ｒ的细胞膜提取物经ＰｒｏｎａｓｅＥ消化后,用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ５０分离出的糖肽具有与ＭｃＢ１结合的活性,而不含糖的肽则无此活性。含ＬＮ－Ｒ的细胞膜提取物经高碘酸氧化不同时间,其与ＭｃＢ１结合的活性随氧化时间的延长而逐渐减弱乃至完全丧失;而经还原性烷基化反应的ＬＮ－Ｒ仍保持了与ＭｃＢ１结合的活性。用衣霉素（ＴＭ）处理细胞,细胞则丧失了与ＭｃＢ１结合的能力。以上几方面的结果一致证明此ＭｃＢ１的抗原表位确为ＬＮ－Ｒ的糖链部分。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白－2成熟肽在大肠杆菌中的表达及其诱导成骨活性

报告了人骨形态发生蛋白－２（ＢＭＰ－２）成熟肽的基因克隆,及其在大肠杆菌中的表达。用ＡｆｌⅡ酶剪除ＢＭＰ－２ｃＤＮＡ中的信号肽及前肽部分的序列,将编码成熟肽的ｃＤＮＡ３′端０．３６ｋｂ基因片段克隆于大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＭＸ－１质粒的ＡＴＧ下游,受控于ＰＬＰＲ启动子。重组子以大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α为宿主细胞进行温度诱导表达。工程菌经４２℃６ｈ诱导后,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上出现一条新蛋白带,分子量约为１２ｋＤ,约占菌体总蛋白的２０％。主要以包涵体形式存在的表达产物经初步纯化后,可获得纯度较高的重组人骨形态发生蛋白－２成熟肽（ｒｈＢＭＰ－２ｍ）。小鼠肌肉植入试验发现。ｒｈＢＭＰ－２ｍ植入后的不同时间,在局部出现间质细胞的聚集和增生、软骨细胞及软骨基质的生成和硬质骨的形成,证明ｒｈＢＭＰ－２ｍ具有明显的诱导新骨形成的作用。     

Purification and characterization of the seven cyanogen bromide fragments of human serum transferrin

1. Procedures are described for the isolation of seven distinct cyanogen bromide fragments in high yield from human serum transferrin. 2. Cyanogen bromide-cleaved transferrin is separated into three fragments (CN-A, CN-B and CN-C) by gel filtration with Sephadex G-100. 3. Four peptides are obtained from CN-A (the largest fragment) after reduction and carboxamidomethylation, by gel filtration in acidic solvents. Two peptides are similarly obtained from fragment CN-B, whereas fragment CN-C is a single cystine-free peptide. 4. The molecular weights of the seven peptides, as determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, by sedimentation-equilibrium ultracentrifugation and by sequence studies, range from 3100 to 27000. Together they account for a molecular weight of 76200 for transferrin. 5. The two largest fragments contain the carbohydrate attachment sites of the protein, and the smallest fragment is derived from the N-terminus. 6. The amino acid compositions and N-terminal groups of the fragments are reported and the results compared with those of previous investigations.     

The present state of the human lactotransferrin sequence. Study and alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments and characterization of N- and C-terminal domains

Human lactotransferrin contains six residues of methionine per mol. Seven different fragments were characterized after treatment with cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and large parts of their sequences were determined. The alignment of the CNBr fragments was established by the determination of N- and C-terminal sequences, by the study of the C-terminal domain obtained by peptic digestion of the protein and by taking into account the internal homology as well as homology with human serum transferrin. The two glycopeptides were situated in the N- and C-terminal parts of the protein, respectively, a situation quite different from that encountered in serum transferrin. The sequence studies allowed us to suggest a 4- and perhaps 6-fold internal homology.     

Detection and quantitation in plasma and synovial fluid of a fragment of human C4 with alpha mobility generated during the activation of the complement system.

A newly identified fragment of human C4 was detected, using a particular antiserum, in human serum after activation by heat-aggregated immunoglobulins, but not after activation of the complement alternative pathway. This fragment was shown to have a sedimentation velocity of approximately 2.5S, to be heat stable, and to exhibit alpha mobility in immunoelectrophoresis. This C4alpha mobility fragment was not generated in human C4 deficient serum but was generated in human C2 deficient serum after incubation with heat-aggregated immunoglobulin. After precipitation of native C4 and its higher molecular weight fragments from serum by polyethylene glycol, it was possible to quantitate the lower molecular weight C4 alpha mobility fragment by radial immunodiffusion. In kinetic experiments, it was shown that the C4alpha mobility fragment was generated after some delay when compared to the disappearance of C4 hemolytic activity. Quantitation of the C4alpha mobility fragment may be of further use in human diseases for the evaluation of the catabolism of C4: joint fluids of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis contained high levels of the C4alpha mobility fragment, and low concentrations were found in patients with degenerative joint disease.     

Isolation, characterization and cDNA cloning of a one-lobed transferrin from the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Transferrin was isolated from plasma of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi by ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the plasma transferrin was determined to be 52K by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. Ascidian plasma transferrin was found to bind one mole of iron ion per mole of protein. The reductive S-pyridylethylated transferrin was subjected to Edman degradation analysis for determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence, and it was also subjected to proteolytic fragmentation to yield peptide fragments, whose amino acid sequences were determined by Edman degradation analysis. Using the above amino acid sequences, a cDNA clone (1880 base pairs) encoding a protein of 372 amino acids containing a signal peptide of 21 amino acids was isolated from an H. roretzi hepatopancreas cDNA library. The reduced amino acid sequence contains the same sequences of the peptide fragments. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of ascidian transferrin with those of other members of the transferrin family revealed that the ascidian transferrin is composed of only the N-terminal lobe of two-lobed vertebrate transferrins. Thus, a one-lobed transferrin is present in the ascidian H. roretzi.     

Structural studies on rabbit transferrin: isolation and characterization of the glycopeptides

The structure of rabbit transferrin was investigated with regard to number, size, and composition of the heteropolysaccharide units and their relative location on the polypeptide chain. The composition and molecular weight of the Pronase glycopeptides revealed that rabbit transferrin contains two heteropolysaccharide units, each composed of 2 sialic acid residues, 2 galactose residues, 3 mannose residues, and 4-N-acetylglucosamine residues. The composition and molecular weight of the tryptic glycopeptides further substantiated the existence of two identical heteropolysaccharide units and revealed that both units have identical amino acid residues in the immediate vicinity of the carbohydrate attachment sites to the polypeptide chain, suggesting a sequence homology surrounding the two glycosylation sites. Characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments from rabbit transferrin indicated that both heteropolysaccharide units are located within a single polypeptide fragment representing approximately one-third of the molecule.     

Human spleen histone H1. Isolation and amino acid sequences of three minor variants, H1a, H1c, and H1d

Following the previous determination of the main variant H1b of human spleen histone H1, we have determined the complete amino acid sequence of another variant, H1d. Limited chymotryptic digestion of H1d produced four fragments, I to IV, and one partial fragment I-II, as in the case of H1b. These fragments were aligned with two overlapping peptides, produced by another enzyme from the intact H1d. We also confirmed the C-terminal sequence of H1d by carboxypeptidase digestion. This H1d has an acetylated N-terminal serine, equimolar alanine or valine residue at 17, and is composed of 212 residues. The molecular weight was 21,233 for the alanine variant and 21,261 for the valine variant in the unmodified form. We also deduced the total sequences of H1a and H1c in a similar way, considering the maximum homology with H1b and H1d. Each N-terminal serine residue is acetylated, too. H1a consists of 222 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 22,178 in its unmodified form; the H1c consists of 220 residues and has a molecular weight of 22,218 in that form. The human spleen H1 sequences varied to about the same extent in the N-terminal 40 and C-terminal 110 residues. However, the sequences of the about 70 internal residues are well conserved between the variants. The extent of differences among the human H1 variants is similar to, or rather smaller than, those among the mammalian somatic H1 species. The implications of these differences in the sequence for H1 function are discussed from the evolutionary viewpoint.     

Primary structure of cyanogen bromide fragments of sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) pituitary somatotropin]

5 fragments are isolated after the degradation of somatotropin from sei whale pituitary glands with cyanogen bromide: N-terminal 4-segmented; C-terminal 12-segmented with the internal disulfide bond; middle 25- and 30-segmented and a high molecular weight fragment following N-terminal tetrapeptide and bound with disulfide bond to 30-segmented fragment. Complete amino acid sequence of three shortest cyanogen bromide fragments is deciphered and N- and C-terminal sequence is investigated in two large fragments after their uncoupling under performic acid oxidation. Amino acid sequence is deciphered of a peptide obtained after trypsine hydrolysis of 30-segmented cyanogen bromide fragment. Comparison of amino acid sequence of whale somatotropin fragments with that of sheep, beef and human somatotropin has revealed that 57 out of 61 identified amino acid residues of whale somatotropin repeat amino acid residues in similar regions of beef somatotropin, 56--of sheep and only 42--of human somatotropins. Besdies, 4 of 5 revealed amino acid substitutions in whale hormone, as compared with sheep somatotropin, are amino acids which are present at the same positions in human hormone.     

黑鲷转铁蛋白基因的分子特征研究

目的:克隆黑鲷转铁蛋白全基因并分析其分子特征。方法:采用同源克隆的方法,对黑鲷转铁蛋白全基因编码序列进行克隆,在cDNA获得了部分转铁蛋白基因的同源片段。经RACE PCR方法,分别对该基因的3’和5’末端进行扩增,获得的扩增片段经拼接后得到全基因片段。结果:黑鲷转铁蛋白全长2431bp,可编码691个氨基酸,分子量(MW)约为74.3kDa,等电点(PI)为5.63。它与鱼类转铁蛋白的同源性最高,约为65%-89%;与其它动物(哺乳类、两栖类等)也有一定的相识性。进化分析表明黑鲷转铁蛋白与其它鱼类和哺乳类的转铁蛋白是由早期转铁蛋白共同的祖先进化来的。结论:黑鲷转铁蛋白主要在肝脏中成组成型表达,在大脑等器官中也有少量表达。该基因的表达受病原刺激的影响,表现为经病原刺激后转铁蛋白基因的组织分布显著增多。     

白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白的分离纯化及其结构和性质的比较

1.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白在分离纯化上的差异。2.用SDS-PAGE测定分子量,白鲢鱼血清转铁蛋白有两个组份,分子量分别为77kD和70kD;黄鳝血清转铁蛋白为单一组份,分子量为68.1 kD。3.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白都含糖,但都不与ConA-Sepharose柱结合。4.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白氨基酸组成的测定和比较。5.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白用胰蛋白酶在相同条件下进行酶解,白鲢鱼能得到分子量在37kD左右的二个片段,而黄鳝则几乎不能被胰蛋白酶酶解。6.白鲢鱼血清转铁蛋白在404.5nm处有一特异吸收峰,而黄鳝则在407.5nm处。     

Presence of alpha1-antitrypsin and transferrin in human follicular fluid--correlation with fertilization

We purified two proteins with molecular masses of approximately 50 kDa and 80 kDa with N-terminal sequences similar to those of alpha1-antitrypsin (a1AT) and transferrin indicating that they are identical to or highly homologous to these proteins. Proteins from human follicular fluid were purified after ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by water dialysis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The fraction of peak 3 showed a single band on electrophoresis and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was similar to that of human serum transferrin. The fraction of peak 10 proved to be a glycoprotein and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was similar to that of human serum a1AT. There are indications that transferrin may be involved in the fertilization process. Sperm motion was assessed employing computer-assisted semen analysis. The addition of purified protein to prepared sperm samples from normospermic men significantly increases the straight-line velocity (VSL), the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and the number of progressively motile sperm. a1AT does not seem to have a stimulatory effect on sperm motility.