共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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When an autophagosome or an amphisome fuse with a lysosome, the resulting compartment is referred to as an autolysosome. Some people writing papers on the topic of autophagy use the terms “autolysosome” and “autophagolysosome” interchangeably. We contend that these words should be used to denote 2 different compartments, and that it is worthwhile maintaining this distinction—the autophagolysosome has a particular origin in the process of xenophagy that makes it distinct from an autolysosome. 相似文献
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《Autophagy》2013,9(4):549-551
When an autophagosome or an amphisome fuse with a lysosome, the resulting compartment is referred to as an autolysosome. Some people writing papers on the topic of autophagy use the terms “autolysosome” and “autophagolysosome” interchangeably. We contend that these words should be used to denote 2 different compartments, and that it is worthwhile maintaining this distinction—the autophagolysosome has a particular origin in the process of xenophagy that makes it distinct from an autolysosome. 相似文献
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《Archives of animal nutrition》2013,67(2):91-98
The objective of the present study was to investigate physiological effects of a marginal copper and iron supply on pigs. Therefore an experiment was conducted with 4 × 12 growing pigs of the crossbreed Pietrain × Deutsche Landrasse. The animals were fed for a period of 119 days with a diet poor of copper (1.5 mg Cu/kg diet) and/or poor of iron (35 mg Fe/kg diet). Control animals were supplied adequately with copper (4.8 mg Cu/kg diet) and iron (85 mg Fe/kg diet). The diet was given according to weight. After reaching an average weight of 102.6 ± 3.5 kg the animals were slaughtered. Due to the activity of the coerulplasmin and katalase enzyme and the haematological parameters, the supply of copper and iron could be classified as marginal. There was no interaction between copper deficiency and iron metabolism. The protein metabolism was unchanged. Low copper intake reduced the copper concentrations in serum, liver, muscle and backfat, and low iron intake reduced the iron concentration in serum, liver and muscle. Marginal copper and iron supply had no relevant effect on either food intake and growth performance or carcass characteristics and meat quality. 相似文献
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《Archives of animal nutrition》2013,67(2-3):199-213
Beyond the energy requirement of maintenance, the assimilated energy, occurring in bioproducts, is linearly proportional to the intake of metabolizable energy in non‐underfed conditions. In contrast, resting metabolic rate is differing between individuals within a population of an animal species. As adaptability to changed environmental conditions may play a role, young bulls were exposed to thermoneutral (18°C) and low (4°C) ambient temperatures and were fed at two feeding levels (1.0 and 1.6 times energy requirement in maintenance) to produce metabolic rate differences, using the same animals, metabolic rate was altered by reducing the sympathetic outflow in each case. Expression of sulfonylurea receptors in circulating mononuclear leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle (m. semitendinosus) was studied by flow cytom‐etry. Changes of metabolic rate at rest corresponded to the portion of cells with sulfonylurea receptors expression. The data from reducing the sympathetic outflow and those from sulfonylurea receptors expression are useful to explain metabolic rate differences among individuals of an animal population. 相似文献
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《Archives of animal nutrition》2013,67(6):461-468
Many health effects can be attributed to the Mediterranean herb oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and several studies demonstrated the improving effect on performance, changes in blood count, antibacterial, antifungal and immunmodulating abilities. The majority of these investigations were carried out with processed essential oil, while whole plant material was only used in a few studies. Thus, the aim of the present experiment was to test the effect of increasing proportions of dried oregano in piglet feed on health and performance, with a special focus on immune modulation. A total of 80 male castrated weaned piglets (body weight [BW] 7.9 kg ±1.0 kg) were used in a feeding experiment lasting 5 weeks. They were assigned to 4 experimental groups: a control diet, and three diets with an oregano supplementation at 2 g, 4 g and 8 g per kg feed, respectively, corresponding to 23.5 mg, 46.9 mg and 93.9 mg carvacrol/kg DM. After 3 weeks, half of each group was challenged with 5 µg lipopolysaccharides (LPS) per kg BW. Blood samples were collected 2 h after LPS stimulation and analysed for T-cell phenotypes, granulocyte activity, clinical-chemistry as well as white and red blood count. The results indicate no effects of oregano on performance. In contrast, oregano altered the lymphocyte proportion and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells as well as the triglyceride concentration in the serum of non-stimulated and in LPS-stimulated piglets. In conclusion, whole plant supplementation of oregano to piglet feed altered immune-related parameters, but did not modulate the acute inflammatory response induced by LPS stimulation. 相似文献
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Professor Dr Klaus Buchholz 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2013,31(1-2):1-2
Stereocontrol in bakers' yeast reduction can be achieved by introduction of a sulfur functional group into substrates. α-Methylthio-β-keto esters are reduced to give exclusively (3S)-3-hydroxy esters. α-Substituted β-keto thiol esters and dithioesters afford (2R,3S)-3-hydroxy esters with high diastereo-and enantioselectivity. Ketones possessing 1,3-dithiane, phenylsulfenyl, or phenylsulfonyl groups at the α-position are transformed also into the corresponding (S)-secondary alcohols. Optically pure (S)-(phenylsulfinyl)acetones can be obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic derivatives with the yeast. Diastereo- and enantioselective reduction of 1,2-diketones leading into (1S,2S)-1,2-diol derivatives can be also achieved by introduction of 1,3-dithiane, phenylsulfenyl or phenylsulfonyl groups into the α-position. Reductions of carbon-carbon double bond of sulfur-functionalized prenyl derivatives provide both chiral (R)- and (S)-C5-building blocks for terpenoid synthesis. The utility of the reduction products as chiral building blocks is demonstrated in the synthesis of biologically active natural products such as pheromones, sugars, antibiotics etc. by functional group transformation and carbon-carbon bond formation reactions with the aid of sulfur functional groups. 相似文献
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人口、食物、资源、环境与生物学钱燕文(中国科学院动物研究所北京100080)人家都说下一个世纪是生物学的世纪,人口、食物、资源、环境也是近20年来的热门话题,因为这四个方面关系到我们人类的未来。为什么下个世纪是生物学的世纪?也得从人口、食物、资源、环... 相似文献
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Barley, probably the oldest cultivated cereal, is widely grown in cooler areas of the world. The annual world production of nearly two and a half billion bushels exceeds that of rye but is less than that of rice, wheat, corn and oats, respectively. Most of the annual 300 million dollar crop of the U.S. is fed to livestock, but about one- third is manufactured into malt. 相似文献
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刘以训教授是我国著名的生物学家,中国科学院院士。他致力于生殖生物学研究,在排卵、黄体萎缩、精子发生和胚胎植入等系列研究上,成绩卓著,享有国际声誉。读罢此文,钦敬之情油然而生。 相似文献
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从民间药用抗肝炎药相思子(AbrusprecatoriusL.)根中分得8个异黄烷醌类化合物,即相思子醌A、B、D、E、F、G以及已知化合物3,7二羟基6甲氧基双氢黄酮和2,8二羟基3,4,9,10四甲氧基紫檀素。用化学转化和光谱学方法包括1H1HCOSY、1H13CCOSY、CD等方法鉴定它们的结构。 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. Walter Leinfellner 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1973,122(1-2):59-73
Zusammenfassung Die Nachprüfung des Fruchtknotenbaues der CrescentieengattungenAmphitecna, Colea, Rhodocolea, Ophiocolea, Phyllarthron, Phylloctenium, Parmentiera, Enallagma undCrescentia ergab, daß er, von gewissen Einzelheiten abgesehen, in der Literatur im allgemeinen richtig beschrieben wird. Wie sich nun ergibt, beruht seine Mannigfaltigkeit auf den variablen Höhen der beiden den Fruchtknoten aufbauenden Zonen. Normalerweise tritt die synascidiate Zone mit ihrer einheitlichen Scheidewand besonders hervor und baut gelegentlich den ganzen Fruchtknoten auf. Die Förderung der symplikaten Zone mit ihren meist nicht bis zur Fruchtknotenmitte vorstoßenden Halbsepten wird verschiedentlich angestrebt und erreicht beiCrescentia ihren Höhepunkt. Hier ist die sterile synascidiate Zone völlig rudimentär, so daß sie bisher übersehen wurde, und die symplikate Zone, die aber durch Unterdrückung ihrer Halbsepten einfächerig geworden ist, baut fast den ganzen Fruchtknoten auf.Crescentia besitzt demnach auch als einzige Bignoniaceengattung eine echt parietale Plazentation. 相似文献
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