辽宁蚋科一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文报道了采自辽宁新小溪真蚋亚属一新种,宽板真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｅｕｒｙｐｌａｔａｍｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,对雌雄成虫、蛹和幼虫的形态进行了描述,并与近似种作了区别特征比较。     

西藏林芝真蚋亚属三新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述西藏林芝真蚋亚属Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ三种：凸端真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓｔｙｌｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、林芝真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｌｉｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、裂缘真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｓｃｈｉｚｏｌｏｍｕｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ 。     

真蚋亚属一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文报道蚋属（Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）真蚋亚属（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）一新种──四面山真蚋Ｓ．（Ｅ）ｓｉｍｉａｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐｎｏｖ．。模式标本采自重庆四面山,保存于重庆市卫生防疫站。     

海南岛蚋科昆虫的初步调查

１９９３年３—７月,在海南岛三亚、尖峰岭和通什地区进行了蚋科昆虫的调查。经鉴定为黄足真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ａｕｒｅｏｈｉｒｔｕｍＢｒｕｎｅｔｔｉ,１９１１、查头真蚋Ｓ．（Ｅ．）ｃｈｉｔｏｅｎｓｅＴａｋａｏｋａ,１９７９、节蚋Ｓ．（Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｎｏｄｏｓｕｍＰｕｒｉ,１９１１、五条蚋Ｓ．（Ｓ．）ｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｓｔｒｉａｔｕｍ（Ｓｈｉｒａｋｉ）,１９３５、亮胸蚋Ｓ．（Ｓ．）ｎｉｔｉｄｉｔｈｏｒａｘＰｕｒｉ,１９３２、海南绳蚋Ｓ．（Ｇｏｍｐｈｏｓｔｉｌｂｉａ）ｈｉａｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓｌｏｎｇｅｔＡｎ,１９９４、尖峰绳蚋Ｓ．（Ｇ．）ＪｉａｎｆｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＡｎｅｔＬｏｎｇ,１９９４、后宽绳蚋Ｓ．（Ｇ．）ｍｅｔａｔａｒｓａｌｅＢｒｕｎｅｔｔｉ,１９１１、怕头绳蚋Ｓ．（Ｇ．）ｐａｔｔｏｎｉＳｅｎｉｏｒｙｉ－Ｗｈｉｔｅ,１９９２（中国新纪录）和Ｓ．（Ｓ．）ｓｐ,共１属３亚属１０种蚋。其中黄足真蚋、五条蚋和节蚋为常见蚋种。     

贵州蚋属真蚋亚属二新种记述（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述采自贵州的蚋属真蚋亚属二新种。根据产地分别命名为雷公山真蚋和威宁真蚋,描述了其形态特征并进行了分类讨论。模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

广东蚋科一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文描述了广东省揭阳地区蚋属（Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）吉纳亚属（Ｇｎｕｓ）一新种：揭阳吉蚋Ｓ．（Ｇ．）ｊｉｅｙａｎｇｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,作者对新种的形态特征进行了描述,并与近似种作了比较。     

中国蚋属一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文报道中国蚋属绳蚋亚属一新种－重庆绳蚋,新种Ｓ．（Ｇ．）ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本采自重庆四面山,保存于重庆市卫生防疫站。     

云南省蚋科一新种：双翅目：蚋科

本文报道云南省蚋科一新种：谭氏梯蚋Ｔｉａｎｏｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｔａｎａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自大理市郊一小溪中。新种雄虫的生殖腹板和雌虫的生殖叉突较近似于斯里兰卡的Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｂｙｓｓｏｄｏｎ）ｌａｎｇｕｉｄｕｍ Ｄａｖｉｅｓ ｅｔＧｙｏｒｋｏｓ,但其他特征有明显的不同。     

中国短蚋一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文报道采自贵州草海的蚋属一新种,即草海短蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ ｃａｏｈａｉｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,其其鉴别形态进行了描述并与其近缘种作了比较。模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

新疆蚋属一新种：（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述新疆塔地区蚋属Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ特蚋亚属Ｔｅｔｉｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ一新种,塔城特蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｔｅｔｉｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｔａｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种与Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ａｌａｊｅｎｓｅ ｈｉｅｍａｌｉｓ,Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ｋｏｚｌｏｖｉ和Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ｃｏａｒｃｌａｔｕｍ蚋种相似。     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

The helix-coil transitions of poly (dA)-poly (dT) and poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT)

Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.⁵ The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.