一种改进的纯化和鉴定牛脑皮层Gs蛋白的方法

用1%胆酸钠和15%饱和硫酸铵相结合的方法,从牛脑皮层细胞膜中抽提得到主要含激活型G-蛋白(G_s)和腺苷酸环化酶(AC)两种蛋白组分的制剂,然后通过Sepharose 6B柱将两者分开.将含G_s高活力的级分用庚胺-Sepharose 4B柱进一步分离,即可获得高活力的G_s,SDS-PAGE显示为分子量45 000和36 000的两条蛋白带.该法具有简便、快速、重复性好、产率高等优点,且可同时获得无G_s污染的AC.用无G_s污染的AC脂酶体测定G_s活力亦简便、可靠、灵敏度高.     

牛脑皮支Gi的纯化及其与AC的偶联

用１％脑酸钠和２０％饱和度的硫酸铵抽提牛脑皮层细胞膜得到含Ｇ蛋白和腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣ）的制剂,通过Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ柱将两分开,再将含Ｇ蛋白的级分用庚胺－Ｓｅｐｈａ５ｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ疏水柱、羟基磷灰石柱将其它亚型的Ｇ蛋白（主要是Ｇｓ和Ｇｏ）从抑制型Ｇ蛋白（Ｇｉ）中除去,获得纯化的较高的Ｇｉ,其ＧＴＰ结合活力为１７．６ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇ,比细胞膜Ｇｉ活力提高５０倍;并具有较高的产率,从１ｇ膜蛋白扣可获     

以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的制备

报道了用以环氧乙烷为活性基的多孔颗粒状载体（Eupergit-C）制备固定由巨大芽孢杆菌（B．megaterium）产生的青霉素酰化酶的研究。用已二胺,赖氨酸对载体进行化学修饰后制备固定化酶,获得了较好的固定结果。用未修饰的载体制备固化酶,经24h固定反应,酶活力达176．5IU／g（wet）,酶活力总叫率达53．7％,酶蛋白的固定量为19＝7mg/g（dr）,酶蛋白的固定效率达87．5％。游离酶的酶浓度对制备固定化酶的活力无显影响。当加酶量从312IU/g（dry）上升到6250IU／g（dry）时,固定化酶活力从89IU／g(wet）上升到475IU／g（wet）,总收率和固定化效率分别从99％和99％下降到26．5％和32．5％,酶蛋白的固定量从6．9mg/g（dry）上升到112mg/g（dry）,酶蛋白的固定效率从99％下降至80．5％。以酶活力为155IU/g(wet）,酶蛋白固定量为22mg/g(dry）的固定化酶水解青霉素G钾盐,经过20批循环水解后,剩余酶活力为92．5％。     

G蛋白直接影响离子通道

G蛋白的经典作用一般认为是对第二信使物质的代谢酶进行调节,如Gs可激活腺苷酸环化酶(AC),Gi抑制AC,Gt激活cGMP依赖的磷酸二脂酶,通过第二信使系统影响离子的跨膜流动。最近有人提出,G蛋白可直接作用于离子通道。     

产二十二碳六烯酸等多不饱和脂肪酸真菌的筛选*

从土壤中筛选出一株产二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的丝状真菌,菌丝含油21.23％,DHA占总脂肪酸2.51％;同时含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）,占总脂肪酸的0．41％;不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的80％。经鉴定为头孢霉属（Caphalosporiumsp．）真菌。同时发现两株菌含EPA,经鉴定为小克银汉霉（Cunninghamellasp.）和毛霉（Mucorsp．）。在这几个属中发现DHA和EPA尚属首次。头孢霉菌DHA产量及百分含量和斜面菌种在不同温度下储藏有关。菌种在20℃储藏10天,在液体PDA培养基上发酵,DHA可占总脂肪酸11．27％,产量达63．35mg／L。     

糖尿病中G蛋白功能发生异常

一些鸟苷结合蛋白(G 蛋白)在细胞外信号向细胞内传递过程中起桥梁作用。激素与受体结合后可促使腺苷环化酶催化 cAMP 生成,后者可启动细胞内一系列磷酸化级联反应,以产生其激素诱导的特征性细胞内应答。有二种 G 蛋白可与腺苷环化酶相互作用,一种对该酶起刺激作用(Gs);另一种则对该酶活性产生抑制效应(Gi)。Gs 和 Gi 都包括三个亚基:α、β和γ,Gs 和 Gi 的β和γ亚基都非常相似,只是α亚基     

NAA对蜜环菌生长及CAT,SOD活性影响的研究

低浓度（低于30mg／L）的α－萘乙酸（NAA）能刺激密环菌的生长,其生长量可提高0～47．1％;并促进密环菌中SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）和CAT（过氧化氢酶）活性提高,随NAA处理浓度的增加及时间的延长（0～12d）2酶活性随之增强。过高浓度则2酶活性提高率下降,但仍高于对照。10mg／LNAA处理12dSOD活性提高61．1％,处理16dCAT活性提高54．7％。10mg／LNAA处理时可提高密环菌中可溶性蛋白质含量13．0％～17．4％。     

毒蕈碱样乙酰胆碱受体及其信号转导

毒蕈碱样乙酰胆碱受体（MAChRs）是G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）超家族中的一员,具有该家族特性的结构和信号转导方式。GTP结合蛋白（Gproteins）是一类具有GTP酶活性的蛋白质,由α、β、γ三个亚基构成。其中α亚基结合GDP或GTP,分别代表G蛋白的非活化和活化状态。M受体与Gi/Go或Gq／11间的作用机制仍在探讨中,但基本过程与Gs介导的信号转导模式相似。激动剂持续作用后,G蛋白偶联受体激酶和阻滞蛋白导受体脱敏和内吞。     

一种改进的纯化和鉴定牛脑皮层Gs蛋白的方法

用１％胆酸钠和１５％孢和硫酸铵相结合的方法,从牛脑皮层细胞膜中抽提得到主要含激活型Ｇ－蛋白和腺苷酸环化酶两种蛋白组分的制剂,然后通过Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ柱将两者分开,将含Ｇｓ高活力的级分用庚胺－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ柱进一步分离,即可获得高活力的Ｇｓ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示为分子量４５０００和３６０００的两条蛋白带,该法具简便,快速,重复性好、产率高等优点,且可同时获得无Ｇｓ污染的ＡＣ。用无Ｇｓ污     

真菌还原Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

从不同来源的样品中分离筛选出几株抗Cr（Ⅵ）的真菌,他们能在含300—500mg／LK2Cr2O7的蔗糖合成培养基中生长,其中BS－1菌株抗K2Cr2O7达900mg／L．BS－1等4株真菌在含200mg／LK2Cr2O7的培养基中生长4-6d后,培养液中的Cr（Ⅵ）已全部消失。这些真菌经鉴定为青霉菌（Penicilliumsp．）BS－1和BS－3,黑曲霉（Aspergillusniger）BR-4和黄曲霉（Aspergillusflavus）BX－1。经紫外可见光扫描及化学分析证实,高毒的Cr（Ⅵ）可被真菌还原成为低毒的Cr（Ⅲ）。BS－1菌株细胞还原Cr（Ⅵ）的最适温度为30℃,最适pH7．0。葡萄糖（0．25％）对细胞还原Cr（Ⅵ）有促进作用,但高浓度的Cr（Ⅵ）则抑制细胞对Cr（Ⅵ）的还原。     

Isolation and Purification of Cytokinin-Binding Protein from Wheat Chloroplasts

The extract of wheat chloroplast membrane proteins was precipitated by different saturation of (NH4)2SO4. Pellet of 0–30% saturation showing high binding activity to 3H-6BA wax loaded on the affinity chromatography column which was prepared by coupling 6BA to epoxy activated sepharose 6B. The CTK-binding protein was eluted from the BA-sepharose 6B column with Tris buffer containing 0.1 mmol/L 6BA. It showed a single protein band on PAGE and the apparent molecular weight was about 250kD. Two bands with molecular weight of 60kD and 66kD were detected on SDS-PAGE. It was supposed that the protomer of CTK-binding protein was a tetramer of two subunits.     

Isolation of three types of Gi from bovine spleen

We have previously reported the purification of two alpha subunits of G proteins, Gi2 and Gi3, from bovine spleen. However, it recently became clear that the preparation of Gi3 alpha contained a significant amount of Gi1 alpha by the immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies. In this study, we purified these G proteins as a trimer form from bovine spleen, and obtained following results. (1) Gi3 was separated from Gi1 using Mono Q column chromatography. Isoelectric focusing was employed to distinguish Gi3 from Gi1 in the column eluates. (2) Purified Gi2 and Gi3 retained much higher activities to bind GTP gamma S or to be ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin than the alpha subunits purified previously. (3) Using these spleen Gi2 and Gi3 and bovine brain Gi1, the parameter of GTP gamma S binding to the three types of Gi was compared. Three Gis showed different rates of GTP gamma S binding but showed the similar Kd values.     

牛脑Ca~(2+)/CaM依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ的纯化和鉴定

通过一系列层析法,首次从牛脑纯化得到胶凝电泳匀一的Ca~(2+)/CaM PKⅡ。凝胶过滤法测定全酶分子量为550kD,SDS-PAGE法测定亚基分子量为55kD,推测牛脑Ca~(2+)/CaM PK Ⅱ由十个相同的亚基组成。该酶活性绝对依赖于Ca~(2+)和CaM,以63kD PDE同工酶为底物,其AC_(50)分别为0.85μmol/L和0.18μmol/L;以酪蛋白为底物,其AC_(50)分别为0.22μmol/L和0.06μmol/L。牛脑Ca~(2+)/CaM PK Ⅱ旣能催化63kD PDE同工酶等多种蛋白或酶磷酸化,又能进行自身磷酸化。该酶催化63kD PDE同工酶最大磷酸参入量为1mol/mol亚基。磷酸化型63kD PDE同工酶的Ca~(2+)的AC_(50)高于非磷酸化型。     

G protein b_1λ_2 subunits purification and their interaction with adenylyl cyclase

Heterotrimeric G protein coupled signal transducing system is a major transmembrane sig-naling pathway in cell, which is ubiquitous in highly evolved organisms such as mammals, as well as in primitive unicellular organism, insects and plants[1]. G protein-coupled transmembrane re-ceptors (GPCR) recognize and bind extracellular signal molecules (such as odorants, tastants, hormones and neurotransmitters). This binding activates heterotrimeric G proteins. G proteins linking GPCRs with effect…     

菜心和水稻绿叶中不同等电点的乙醇酸氧化酶

The proteins with glycolate oxidase activity from B.parachinensis Bailey and rice( Oryza sativa )green leaves were prepared respectively.From the second protein peak on DEAE\|Cellulose column,two glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Bailey GO Ⅲ(specific activity natove 13 2 U·mg -1 ·min -1 )and rice GOⅢ(specific activity 8 8 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ),could not migrate anywhere in 4%～20% native\|PAGE under a pH8.3 buffer system.GOⅢ's p I was about pH8.3. The protein containing B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅢ showed 67±2,43±2,and 38±2 kD in SDS PAGE,band 43±2 kD was the subunit of B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅢ.From the two proteins above,another group of glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Beiley GOⅠ(specific activity 5 U·mg -1 ·min -1 )and rice GOⅠ(specific activity 1 2 U·mg -1 ·min -1 ),showed only one 43±2 kD band in SDS\|PAGE,and was purified on the Sepharose\|6B column which migrated towards anode in the same native\|PAGE showing the M r about 420 kD,or 460 kD and 260 kD respectively.GOⅠ's p I was smaller than pH8.3.Antibody against B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅠ was prepared and its efficacy was about 1/1600 in ELISA.By native\|PAGE,Western blot and rocket immunoelectrophoresis,the third group of glycolate oxidases,expressed as B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅡ and rice G0Ⅱ,were confirmed in crude protein of green leaves and migrated towards cathode under the same native\|PAGE,so GOⅡ's p I was higher than pH8.3.The M r of B.parachinensis Bailey GOⅡ was about 669 kD determined by native\|PAGE Western blot.Rice GOⅠ,rice GOⅢ and rice GOⅡ showed different quantitation under different physiological conditions.Rice GOⅡ could be induced by glycolate.     

G protein β<Subscript>1</Subscript>γ<Subscript>2</Subscript> subunits purification and their interaction with adenylyl cyclase

A preliminary study on the interaction of G protein (guanine triphosphate binding pro- tein) β1γ2 subunits and their coupled components in cell signal transduction was conducted in vitro. The insect cell lines, Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) and H5 (Trichoplusia ni) were used to express the recombinant protein Gβ1γ2. The cell membrane containing Gβ1γ2 was isolated through affinity chromatography column with Ni-NTA agarose by FPLC method, and the highly purified protein was obtained. The adenylyl cyclase 2 (AC2) activity assay showed that the purified Gβ1γ2 could significantly stimulate AC2 activity. The interaction of β1γ2 subunits of G protein with the cytoplasmic tail of various mammalian adenylyl cyclases was monitored by BIAcore technology using NTA sensor chip, which relies on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The experiments showed the direct binding of Gβ1γ2 to the cytoplasmic tail C2 domain of AC2. The specific binding domain of AC2 with Gβ1γ2 was the same as AC2 activity domain which was stimulated by β1γ2.     

猪乳中一高分子量蛋白质的分离纯化和鉴定

对猪乳中一高分子量蛋白(HMWP)进行了分离纯化,并对其某些生化性质进行了鉴定。猪乳通过去脂得到脱脂乳,再去除酪蛋白得到乳清。对乳清进行硫酸铵分级盐析,猪乳中HMWP在40％饱和度硫酸铵盐析下有最大沉淀。收集40％饱和度硫酸铵盐析沉淀,经过溶解、透析得到HMWP的粗品。通过Mono Q离子交换柱,对其粗品进行两次层析提纯,得到了HMWP纯品,其纯度和得率分别为97．85％和12．31％。多种植物凝集素的Western blotting鉴定表明,HMWP是一个糖基种类较少的糖蛋白,含有Man和GlcNAc。SDS-PAGE和凝胶过滤分别测得HMWP的分子量为114．8kD和115．0kD。通过等电点测定,HMWP的pI为5．10。HMWP的氨基酸组分分析得知,其富含Asp、Glu、Gly和Cys,疏水性氨基酸较低,仅占15．59％摩尔分数。这些结果说明HMWP是一个易溶于水的、酸性的分泌性单体球蛋白。N端氨基酸序列测定结果为Ala-Leu-Val—Gln-Ser-Gty-Leu-Ash-Leu-Val,通过从网络Genbank检索没有发现其同源蛋白的序列,说明其可能是一个新蛋白。     

Cytokinin Binding Proteins from Phaseolus vulgaris Hypocotyls

t-Zeatin (t-Z) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) occur naturally as highly active plant cell division regulators, t-Z-Sepherose-4B and iPA-Sepherose-4B affinity column were constructed to isolate and purify the cytokinin-binding proteins from etiolated hypocotyl of Phaseolus vulgaris. Two kinds of cytokinin-binding proteins were obtained. One was 15.5 kD in molecular weight (named ZBP) with only one peptide. The other (named IBP), 165 kD in molecular weight, contained two different subunits (40 kD and 43 kD respectively). The binding activity of ZBP was tested and the dissociation constant (Kd) was determined to be 3.2 × 10-7 mol/L. There was one binding site for t-Z in each molecule of ZBP.