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1.
Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease. 相似文献
2.
O. N. Mukhametova 《Journal of Ichthyology》2010,50(8):660-670
Ichthyoplankton surveys are made in lagoon water bodies of the south-eastern part of Sakhalin (the Vavai-Chibisan system of
lakes, Lake Tunaicha, Lake Izmenchivoe) from April until November 2002–2007. Comparative characteristics of ichthyoplankton
complexes in the ice-free period is given. In the investigated lagoon lakes, differences in the species composition of the
ichthyoplankton by the number and time of appearance of the maxima of abundance of eggs and larvae are noted, and also related
to morphological structure and hydrological conditions of water bodies. In lagoon lake Izmenchivoe with a salinity not less
than 26‰, the eggs and larvae of marine fishes only takes place while, in Vavai-Chibisan lakes, that of freshwater fishes
only takes place. In brackish lake Tunaicha, the lowest number of fish species reproduce. In the Vavai-Chibisan system and
in Lake Izmenchivoe, one maximum of abundance of ichthyoplankton in June is recorded and, in Lake Tunaicha, two maxima (the
highest in June and less expressed in August) are recorded. Irrespective of the species composition, the ichthyoplankton complexes
of lagoon lakes have general traits determined by hydrological conditions of water bodies and by their general origin and
geographic situation: prevalence of eggs and larvae of low boreal fish species, the maximum species diversity in the late
spring-early summer, and decrease of abundance in cooler years. 相似文献
3.
Histologic sections of arteries can be used to generate three-dimensional (3D) geometric models and identify structural constituents. However, geometric distortions are introduced by fixation, embedding and sectioning; distortions which can, for example, lead to errors in stresses predicted by finite element models. We developed a method to measure and correct for distortions caused by acrylic processing and applied it to intact, healthy porcine coronary arteries. Micro-computed tomography was used to image arteries in the fresh and embedded states. Tissue blocks were sectioned, stained and imaged using a light microscope. Each section contained four registration marks used to determine strains introduced by sectioning and staining. Using these three image sets, 3D geometric models were generated and distortions were measured. Fixation, processing, and embedding resulted in shrinkage of 6.4+/-2.3% axially and 35.4+/-5.0% in mean cross-sectional area (n=5). Shrinkage in a cross section was well characterized by a uniform, equibiaxial strain. Sectioning and staining resulted in additional compressive strains in the sectioning direction of 0.067+/-0.011 and, in the direction perpendicular to sectioning, of 0.023+/-0.005 (n=5). These strains are assumed uniform and form the basis for correcting section geometry. Reconstructions using corrections for sectioning and shrinkage-related distortions had errors of 1.6+/-0.5% (n=5) and 4.0+/-1.7% (n=5), respectively. 相似文献
4.
The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth. 相似文献
5.
Summary MAO of the brain was investigated histochemically in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. Fresh frozen sections were subjected to the tryptamine-tetrazolium method by Glenner, Burtner and Brown (1957).MAO activity of the brain of 4 animal species is generally similar with respect to its pattern of distribution. However, the intensity of enzyme action of the brain as a whole differs somewhat in animal species, being highest in guinea pigs, intermediate in rats and lowest in mice and rabbits. The enzyme action occurs mainly in the neuropil of the cerebral grey matter, while weak or negative activity is generally observed in the white matter excepting the tractus retroflexus of Meynert.The marked activity is encountered in the interpeduncular nucleus, locus coeruleus, area postrema, dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, hypothalamus, habenular nuclei and midline nuclear group of the thalamus, nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, and central grey matter. The enzyme activity is weak or negative in the neocortex, striatum, mamillary body, thalamic nuclei (excepting the habenula and midline nuclear group), subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus and nuclei of the somatic cranial nerves.The possible function and significance of MAO in the brain were discussed particularly by comparing the sites of this enzyme with those of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and the inverse relation between these enzymes was suggested. 相似文献
6.
Henry B. F. Dixon 《The Biochemical journal》1973,131(1):149-154
A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3). 相似文献
7.
8.
不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明:山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63.58%,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近:果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。 相似文献
9.
目的 探讨肠道菌群和粪便炎性标志物在炎症性肠病(IBD)活动度评估中的临床价值。方法 共纳入120例IBD患者为研究组,其中溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者68例,克罗恩病(CD)患者52例。选择30例经结肠镜检查正常的健康体检者为对照组。采集全部研究对象的新鲜粪便标本进行粪便细菌培养及炎性标志物检测,比较不同疾病活动度IBD患者的肠道菌群及粪便钙卫蛋白(FC)、乳铁蛋白(LF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、髓过氧化酶(MPO)水平的变化。结果 与对照组比,UC和CD患者肠道中肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及酵母菌数量均明显增加(P<0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌数量明显减少(P<0.05)。UC患者梭菌数量较对照组增加(P<0.05),CD患者梭菌数量较对照组减少(P<0.05)。UC、CD活动期患者肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌、消化球菌及酵母菌数量明显多于缓解期患者(P<0.05),双歧杆菌、乳杆菌及真杆菌数量明显少于缓解期患者(P<0.05),且重度活动期患者肠道菌群改变较轻、中度活动期改变更明显(P<0.05)。UC活动期患者梭菌数量明显多于缓解期(P<0.05),CD活动期患者梭菌数量明显少于缓解期(P<0.05)。UC和CD患者粪便中FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。UC、CD活动期患者FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平显著高于缓解期患者(P<0.05),且重度活动期患者高于轻、中度活动期患者(P<0.05)。结论 肠道菌群变化和粪便中FC、LF、MMP-9及MPO水平可作为IBD患者疾病活动性评估的辅助指标。 相似文献
10.
C-banding patterns of the karyotypes of two closely related wild flax species, Linum austriacum L. (2n = 18) and Linum grandiflorum Desf. (2n = 16), were studied. The karyotypes of both species were similar in the chromosome morphology and size. In each species, metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes (1.7-4.3 microns) and one satellite chromosome were observed. In the karyotypes of the species studied, all homologous chromosome pairs were identified, and quantitative ideograms were constructed. Eight chromosome pairs in the two species had similar C-banding patterns. A low level of intraspecific polymorphism in the intercalary and telomeric C-bands was shown in both species. The results indicate that the genomes of two flax species originated from one ancestral genome with the main chromosome number of 8 or 9. Apparently, the doubling of chromosome number or loss of one chromosome with subsequent redistribution of the chromosome material in the ancestral form resulted in the divergence into two species, L. austriacum L. and L. grandiflorum Desf. A considerable similarity of chromosomes in these species provides evidence for their close phylogenetic relatedness, which makes it possible to place them in one section within the Linum genus. 相似文献
11.
目的:分析激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法:将120例处于增殖期血管瘤患儿分成观察组和对照组各60例,观察组给予激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗,对照组采用激光治疗,比较两组患者的治疗疗效。结果:观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.7%和66.7%,两组比较具有显著差异,P〈0.05;对于表浅病灶,观察组治疗的有效率为96.8%,对照组为84.8%,两组之间无差异,P〉0.05;对于深部病灶,观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.6%和44.4%,具有显著差异(P〈0.05)。结论:激光联合注射曲安奈德治疗婴幼儿血管瘤具有较好的疗效,尤其对深部增殖期的血管瘤具有较好的效果,适合在临床推广应用。 相似文献
12.
Regulation of production of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase in tissues of chick embryos. Effects of porphyrogenic agents and of haem precursors. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Studies conducted by several groups have established that porphyrogenic agents which caused elevations in chick-embryo liver delta-aminolaevulinate (ALA) synthase activity also increased the concentrations of the enzyme's RNA, and that haemin inhibited these elevations. We have determined in this study, using immune-blot analyses, that administration in ovo of allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) in combination with diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl,3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) increased the mass of ALA synthase in intestine and kidney of chick embryos. Furthermore, the molecular mass of the subunit of the enzyme in those tissues appeared identical with that of liver ALA synthase. Using a synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to ALA synthase mRNA, we determined by solution hybridization and Northern-blot analyses that AIA and DDC also increased the concentrations of ALA synthase mRNA in intestine and kidney and that testosterone elevated the concentration of the RNA in kidney. In analyses of RNA obtained from chick-embryo liver, intestine, kidney, heart, brain and lung, the probe bound primarily in each case to a single 2.3 kb RNA. Finally, the haem precursors ALA and FeCl3, when injected together into the fluid surrounding embryos, inhibited both the elevations in ALA synthase mass and RNA concentration brought about by porphyrogenic agents in liver, kidney and intestine. Thus the results indicated that: (1) certain porphyrogenic agents increased ALA synthase mass and RNA in chick-embryo intestine and kidney, in addition to liver; (2) ALA and FeCl3 inhibited the elevations; and (3) the sizes of ALA synthase's subunit as well as the enzyme's mRNA appeared identical, in each case, in all tissues examined. 相似文献
13.
Flocks of birds are highly variable in shape in all contexts (while travelling, avoiding predation, wheeling above the roost). Particularly amazing in this respect are the aerial displays of huge flocks of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) above the sleeping site at dawn. The causes of this variability are hardly known, however. Here we hypothesise that variability of shape increases when there are larger local differences in movement behaviour in the flock. We investigate this hypothesis with the help of a model of the self-organisation of travelling groups, called StarDisplay, since such a model has also increased our understanding of what causes the oblong shape of schools of fish. The flocking patterns in the model prove to resemble those of real birds, in particular of starlings and rock doves. As to shape, we measure the relative proportions of the flock in several ways, which either depend on the direction of movement or do not. We confirm that flock shape is usually more variable when local differences in movement in the flock are larger. This happens when a) flock size is larger, b) interacting partners are fewer, c) the flock turnings are stronger, and d) individuals roll into the turn. In contrast to our expectations, when variability of speed in the flock is higher, flock shape and the positions of members in the flock are more static. We explain this and indicate the adaptive value of low variability of speed and spatial restriction of interaction and develop testable hypotheses. 相似文献
14.
E. V. Chernigovskaya M. V. Glazova L. A. Yamova S. E. Yevteeva I. A. Krasnovskaya 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2001,37(2):192-199
In in vivo and in vitro experiments there have been shown different mechanisms of regulation of hypothalamic vasopressinergic neurons, including regulation due to changes of activity level of brain catecholaminergic and NPY-ergic neurons innervating hypothalamic vasopressinergic cells. We demonstrated in in vitro experiments that dopamine and noradrenaline had no effects on vasopressin expression, but inhibited its release from cell perikarya in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. Besides, activity of vasopressinergic neurons might probably be regulated via activation of synthesis of these neurotransmitters in vasopressinergic cells themselves in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. To activate synthesis of various neurotransmitters, in our case, catecholamines and NPY, in vasopressinergic neurons, different stimuli adequate to trigger or activate synthesis of these substances are required. Synthesis of catecholamines in vasopressinergic cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei was revealed after immobilization stress and adrenalectomy. NPY is synthesized in neurons of hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in norm, and its synthesis increases at disturbances of NPY-ergic innervation of vasopressinergic cells. 相似文献
15.
The content of cholesterol, total and individual phospholipids, fatty acid composition, level of lipid peroxidation, as well as viscosity of lipid phase of synaptic membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex were estimated in experiments on adult and old male rats. The content of cholesterol and cholesterol phospholipids ratio were found to increase with age. The total content of phospholipids remained unchanged during ageing, while their composition varied. An increase in the content of minor forms of phospholipids, i.e. phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, in the sphingomyelin/phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio and, especially, in the content of lysophosphatidylcholine was found in old vs adult rats. No age-related changes were found in the viscosity of the lipid phase of synaptic membranes with purene used as a fluorescent probe. 相似文献
16.
M. Yu. Telyatnikov 《Contemporary Problems of Ecology》2008,1(1):59-71
The cenofloras of moss tundras, dryas tundras, and cryophytic grassy bogs of Subarctic Yamal, Taimyr, and Yakutia have been compared in such parameters as activity and species richness of their ecological groups. Comparison of the three cenofloras of subarctic tundras in conditions of heat and moisture has shown that the habitats of Yamal noticeably differ from the habitats of Taimyr and Yakutia. In Yamal, the conditions are warmer in all the habitats except grassy bogs in the zone of typical tundras. Most habitats in Yamal are drier. The hydrothermal conditions of Taimyr and Yakutia are similar. The differences arise as the climate becomes increasingly more continental from west to east. 相似文献
17.
18.
B Ia Medovar 《Ukrainski? biokhimicheski? zhurnal》1978,50(4):450-454
The content of urea was studied in protein-free filtrates of the liver kidneys, skeletal muscles, myocardium, spleen, brain tissues and blood serum as well as in urine of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24-month rats. It is shown that at the age of 6 months the content of urine in most tissues under study is significantly decreased (by 42-73%), at the age of 12 months in the spleen and at the age of 24 months in the brain tissues as compared to the one-month animals. The level of urine decrease in the liver and brain tissues of 24-month animals is less pronounced than in other tissues, that corresponds to age peculiarities of their protein metabolism. A decrease of blood consumption per weight unit and a relative increase in the amount of nitrogen excreted with urine are observed with ageing. The arginase activity in the liver decreases essentially only in 3-month animals. A conclusion is drawn that peculiarities of food consumption and the character of changes in the urea content in tissues and urine are adaptation manifestation of an age decrease in the intensity of nitrogen metabolism and protein demand of the organism. 相似文献
19.
V P Lozovo? V A Kozlov V A Trufakin A V Shurlygina 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1986,102(7):82-84
The correlative analysis of diurnal rhythms of cell number and adenylate cyclase cellular activity was performed in the thymus, spleen and peripheral blood of Swiss mice, intact or thymectomized at the age of 3 months. The existence of somehow synchronized diurnal rhythms of cAMP exchange and cell recirculation was found in the peripheral lymphocyte pool and in the thymus. Diurnal rhythm of cAMP synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes was regulated by the thymus. Thymectomy led to desynchronization of recirculating processes and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in immunocompetent cells. 相似文献
20.
A. N. Vernigora N. V. Shchetinina D. A. Saldaev M. T. Gengin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2002,38(1):31-34
The study deals with distribution of activities of enzymes of neuropeptide metabolism, carboxypeptidase H and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride-inhibited carboxypeptidase (PMSF-inhibited carboxypeptidase), in tissues and organs of male cats, and breedless white rats and mice. Distribution of the carboxypeptidase H activity was very similar in different animal species, although the level of the activity differed. Essential species-specific differences in distribution of the PMSF-inhibited carboxypeptidase activity are revealed, likely due to peculiarities of metabolism of biologically active peptides and catabolism of proteins in these animal species, as well as to differences in the ratio of different isoenzymes of their PMSF-inhibited carboxypeptidase. 相似文献