狂犬病毒灭活前后形态结构的研究

狂犬病是严重危害人畜的一种传染病,公元前3000年,前摩西法典Tierkel就谈到犬咬伤人引起人死亡.公元前500年德漠克利特和公元前322年阿里多德认识到狂犬病是犬和其它动物的一种传染病.Johnson引证了1271年西欧发生狼狂犬病、以及1803—1925年在同一地区狐中发生7次动物间的大流行.1919年Semple指出了用化学药物灭活狂犬病毒而不破坏其抗原性,此后灭活病毒苗广泛应用于人体,至今已70多年.但是,灭活前后狂犬病毒的形态结构,是否能如其抗原性一样不受影响,至今国内外尚未见有报道.作者研究了狂犬病毒用化学药物灭活前后的形态,结构的变化,现报道如下.     

精制原代地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗灭活工艺的改进

为了提高精制原代地鼠肾细胞狂犬病疫苗（ＰＰＨＫＲＶ）的质量,在甲醛浓度,温度和时间相同的条件下,对静置法和转瓶法灭活狂犬病毒后制成的疫苗进行了效力测定比较,结果表明采用转瓶灭活的ＰＰＨＫＲＶ效力高于静置灭活法。     

冻干加热处理凝血因子类制剂的病毒灭活验证

在病毒灭活验证过程中,比较了冻干后不同加热方法对凝血因子类制剂中伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的灭活效果,包括80℃干烤72h、100℃水浴加热30min以及100℃蒸汽加热30min方法。结果表明80℃干烤72h对制品中PRV灭活较彻底,另外两种方法对制品中PRV的灭活效果均不理想。     

病毒感染复数对狂犬病毒PM株增殖的影响

目的探讨不同感染复数(Multiplicity of infection,MOI)的狂犬病毒PM株在人二倍体细胞(2BS株)中增殖的影响,确定感染复数。方法将狂犬病毒PM株按照MOI 0.01、0.02、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20接种至2BS细胞中,用显微镜观察接种病毒后细胞的形态变化;培养3~5 d后,第一次收获病毒液;更换培养液继续培养3~4 d后,进行第二次收获。采用小鼠脑内滴定法测定狂犬病毒滴度,通过NIH法测定灭活病毒液的效价。结果当MOI为0.05~0.10时,细胞圆缩30%~40%,细胞能维持较好的生长形态,可收获病毒,病毒收获液的滴度较高(5.0lg LD50/m L),且灭活后病毒液的效价较高(4.0IU/m L)。结论确定狂犬病毒PM株在人二倍体2BS细胞增殖的适宜MOI,为人用狂犬病疫苗生产工艺的优化提供了依据。     

防治和根除狂犬病的新途径

灭活的完整狂犬病毒(RV)颗粒是最安全和最有效的抗原,适合用作狂犬病的免疫治疗;灭活RV疫苗,例如HDCV疫苗,仍然是金标准。但是若干种正在研究的实验性疫苗(如以G蛋白为基础的DNA和重组疫苗),也有可能替代灭活病毒。为了达到可与金标准疫苗相当的效力,在这些新型疫苗中的G蛋白必须以与在完整病毒颗粒中相似的方式出现,即是锚定在膜上并有很高的密度。     

ELISA抗体检测试剂盒在狂犬病毒特免血浆筛选中的初步应用

用SepharoseCL6B纯化灭活的狂犬疫苗原液作为包被抗原,对试剂盒生产工艺进行优化,根据ELISA相对效价和SNT效价的正相关性,设计出能满足大规模狂犬病毒特异性免疫血浆筛选需要的合理可靠的收浆方案。     

白细胞介素-2和狂犬病毒N蛋白基因重组与表达

研究白细胞介素－２ 与狂犬病毒Ｎ蛋白基因工程产物的免疫活性。采用生物工程技术,结果显示经基因扩增分别获得４００ｂｐ 和１４００ｂｐ 的ＩＬ－２ 和狂犬病毒Ｎ蛋白基因片段,构建了表达载体ＰＬＹ－４ＩＮ,于工程菌中转化后。得到５６ＫＤ重组蛋白产物,该产物具有ＩＬ－２活性,可诱导小鼠抵抗狂犬病毒攻击。     

白细胞介素—2和狂犬病毒N蛋白基因重组与表达

研究白细胞介素－２与狂犬病毒Ｎ蛋白基因工程产物的免疫活性。采用生物工程技术,结果显示经基因扩增分别获得４００ｂｐ和１４００ｂｐ的ＩＬ－２和狂犬病毒Ｎ蛋白基因片段,构建了表达载体ＰＬＹ－４ＩＮ,于工程菌中转化后。得到５６ＫＤ重组蛋白产物,该产物具有ＩＬ－２活性,可诱导小鼠抵抗狂犬病毒攻击。     

抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体的研制

使用狂犬病毒CVS株鼠脑悬液灭活后超速离心提纯,加等量FIA腹腔免疫BALBC小鼠常规法融合,间接ELISA方法筛选,有限稀释法连续克隆6次,得一株能稳定分泌抗狂犬病毒单抗杂交瘤细胞株ID4,体外连续传代5个月,液氮冻存后复苏,仍能稳定分泌抗体。用常规法制备腹水,间接ELISA方法测定腹水效价为1：32乃孤儿用琼脂双扩散法测定杂交瘤上清浓缩物中鼠免疫球蛋白底op类。ID4腹水样品送检武汉生物制品研究所,用免疫荧光间接法鉴定设单抗为抗狂犬病毒糖蛋白。狂犬病毒糖蛋白可诱生中和抗体,也有细胞免疫功能和作用。我们制备的抗狂犬病…     

低pH孵放法灭活静注人免疫球蛋白中脂包膜病毒效果验证的研究

选用不同核酸类型的脂包膜病毒,其中RNA病毒为水疱性口炎病毒(VSV),DNA病毒为伪狂犬病毒(PRV),将两种指示病毒分别用于验证低pH孵放法对不同厂家生产的人血静脉注射用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)的病毒灭活效果。结果表明,液体IVIG的pH值为3.8～4.4,在23～25℃环境中,孵放21天可灭活VSV和PRV,两种指示病毒的灭活效果分别为≥5.50～6.62和≥5.38～6.62logTCID50/0.1ml。因此,低pH孵放法是一种安全、有效且简便实用的灭活脂包膜病毒的方法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.