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1.
缘蝽科族级单元系统发育关系支序分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在已有比较形态学研究基础上,本文选择了15个特征方面的74个新生,以支序分析方法探讨缘蝽科族的系统发育关系。结果表明棒缘蝽亚科、希缘蝽族、沟缘蝽族较为原始,与其余类群差异较大,缘蝽科的范围值得进一步研究;除Chariesterini外的缘蝽亚科是高等的缘蝽类群;Charieserini似应从缘蝽亚科中独立出来,狭义巨大级蝽族以及萧的鼻缘蝽族、梭缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族、曼缘蝽族成立、拟黛缘蝽属、副黛缘蝽属 相似文献
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蛛缘蝽科系统发育初探(半翅目:缘蝽总科) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文通对蛛缘蝽科各亚群16个代表属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了属间系统发育关系,其结果证实蛛缘蝽科为一单源群,支持Schaefe(1965)将该科分为蛛缘蝽亚科和微缘蝽亚科的意见,并认为扁缘蝽属和锥缘蝽属应分别单独成立族。Ahmad(1965)等将原有蛛缘蝽族、稻缘蝽族和微翅缘蝽族分别提升为亚科从而将该科分为三亚科的观点得不到文中支序图的支持。 相似文献
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用支序分类的方法分析了我国北方网蝽亚科内16个属间的系统演化关系,在比较形态研究的基础上选取该亚科的33个特征、88个特征状态,通过内群和外群比较的方法对特征状态进行极化,形成特征状态矩阵,,分别使用计算机编码程序PAUP(version3.1.1)和Hennin86(version1.5)进行运算分析,得到完全一致的最简约树及Nelson合意树(树长L=118步,一致性指数CI=0.454,保留指数RI=0.529)。用以分析亚科内属级分类单元之间分类单元可归为6个群,分别为A-gramman群、Leptoyha群、Dictyla群、Catophatus群、Physatoheila群和Derephysia群,Agramma群在所分析的类群中是为原始的一群,最早由基部分出,与由Leptoypha群、Dictyla群、Catoplatus群、P hysatocheila群和Derephysia群构成的单系形成姐妹群。Leptoypha群也是较早分出的一群,与由Dictyla群、Catoplatus群、Physatochila群和为一单系,是最为进化的一群,与另一较进化的Physatocheila群单系构成1对姐妹群。此两群所构成的单系群又与Catoplatus群构成姐妹群,形成一个单系群,继而与Dictyla群单系构成姐妹群。用AutoDecay(version3.0)对各分支点进行了分支支持分析。这些群在更多的属级单元参加分析之前暂不划为高一级的分类单元。 相似文献
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姬缘蝽科系统发育初探:(异翅亚目:缘蝽总科) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文通过对姬缘蝽科14属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了各类间的系统发育关系,3其结果证明姬缘蝽科为一明显单系群,并支持Chopra(1967)系统中大部分族的划分意见,但因支序图中玛缘蝽族和姬缘蝽亚科为并系群,从而对Chopra系统中亚科的划分及玛缘蝽族是否成立提出疑问,并认为已有系统中的“红缘蝽亚科”应降为族级。文中还将支序分析结果与经前作者的系统发育意见相比较,认为本文所提出的关于该科 相似文献
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缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ(异翅亚目:缘蝽总科)李新正(中国科学院海洋研究所青岛266071)6缘蝽族(CoreiniLeach)(图28—30)繁复庞杂的一类,世界性分布,中、南美的属相对较多。历史上曾有几次将该类群分成若干族或亚族的尝试(Bergr... 相似文献
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云奥缘蝽Aurelianus yunnananus Xiong,新种(图1,图2) 体黑赭色,被金黄色短毛,头、前足和中足及胸部腹面色较浅。触角各节末端和第4节色深近黑。小盾片末端淡白色。复眼黑褐带红泽,单眼玉红色。前翘膜片黑色。体瘦长,前翅不达腹末端。头顶具短纵刻纹。触角各节长Ⅰ:Ⅱ:Ⅲ:Ⅳ=4.4:4.05:3.4 相似文献
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记述了采于我国南方地区的异蝽科昆虫2新种,分属于2属,即壮异蝽属Urochela Dallas的白点壮异蝽Urochela albosignata sp.nov,和盲异蝽属Urolabida Westwood的五峰盲异蝽Urolabida wufengana sp.nov。量度单位mm。模式标本存南开大学生命科学学院生物系。 相似文献
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Rodrigo Monjaraz‐Ruedas Oscar F. Francke 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2016,176(4):781-805
The schizomid genus Mayazomus Reddell & Cockendolpher, 1995, endemic to south‐eastern Mexico, currently comprises seven species. It was originally proposed to accommodate two species, from Chiapas and Tabasco. Recently, five additional species from Chiapas were described. The monophyly of the genus has never been tested using cladistic analysis. We undertook a phylogenetic analysis using the seven described species of Mayazomus as the ingroup, ten exemplar species representing the most similar New World hubbardiids as the outgroup, and one protoschizomid species to root the tree. The analysis was based on 130 morphological characters (continuous and discrete characters). The resulting topologies recovered Mayazomus as paraphyletic, with Heteronochrus estor Armas & Viquez, 2010, from Guatemala nested within the genus; therefore, we formally propose its synonymy herein. Mayazomus appears to be most closely related to Rowlandius Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995, a South American genus. This contribution also provides new characters derived from the pedipalp setae with important phylogenetic information; as well as the implementation of morphometric ratios, as continuous characters, to partially codify the shape of the male flagellum. The relationships recovered amongst the outgroups used in this contribution are a reliable baseline for future analyses of the phylogeny of the New World schizomids. 相似文献
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蓟马科Thripidae昆虫是重要的经济害虫之一,到目前为止,我国蓟马科的分类还比较混乱,亟需对其系统分类进行深入研究。本文基于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆(NWAFU)、中国科学院动物研究所(IZCAS)和华南农业大学资源与环境学院(SCAU)检视的实证标本,运用支序系统学的方法对中国蓟马科59属的系统发育进行了初步研究,并探讨了科内的系统发育关系。结果显示:蓟马科是一个单系群,但蓟马亚科Thripinae不是一个单系群;棍蓟马亚科Dendrothripinae和针蓟马亚科Panchaetothripinae亲缘关系较近,且互为姐妹群;绢蓟马亚科Sericothripinae的分类地位应降一级,作为蓟马亚科内的一个族或一个属团;针蓟马族Panchaetothripini的分类地位还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
13.
鹅观草属的系统发育分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据分支系统学的原理和方法, 对禾本科鹅观草属进行了系统发育分析。鹅观草属传统分类上的18 个系被确定为终端类群, 来自形态学、解剖学、细胞学和孢粉学的23 个性状被选作建立矩阵的依据;雀麦族中的短柄草属作为外类群被用于外部性状的极性识别, 过去分析过的性状资料被用于微观特征的极性判断;采用PAUP 程序对矩阵进行运算, 共获得6 个同等简约的谱系分支图, 其中具最低f-比值的图被选作分支分析的基础。结果表明, 分支图上显示的组、系划分与传统分类的基本一致, 各类群间的演化关系与过去凭借单一证据所作的零散推断也基本吻合。所不同的是半颖组各支类群不是共祖起源, 可能具有复杂的内部组成;在个别系间, 分支图展现的类群位置与宏观分析的存在差异。 相似文献
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基于分支系统学的原理和方法。对禾本科以礼草属进行了系统发育分析,以礼草属是个单系在群,它的32个外部性状选作极性分析。鹅观草属中的肃草作为外类群,采用PAUP程序对矩阵进行运算,获得了1个最简约的谱系分支图。在分支图上,以民礼草属26个种可以归为3个组,但不适合于划分系,3个组中各组包含的种数分别与传统分类的3个组基本吻合,从而支持了传统分类的结果。同时,分支图还展示了各个类群间的亲缘演化关系,其 相似文献
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Robert H. Eaglen 《International journal of primatology》1983,4(3):249-273
In spite of the increasing popularity of cladistic methods in studies of primate systematics, few authors have investigated
the effects of parallel evolution when such methods are applied to empirical data. To counter the effects of parallelism,
cladistic techniques rely on the principle of evolutionary parsimony. When parsimony procedures are used to reconstruct the
phylogeny of the Lemuridae, nine highly parsimonious phylogenies can be deduced. Further choice among these competing hypotheses
of relationship is determined by the extent to which one embraces the parsimony principle. The phylogeny obtained by the most
rigorous adherence to the parsimony principle is one which is wholly consistent with traditional evolutionary classifications
of the Lemuridae. Moderate levels of parallelism can lead to the generation of several plausible, alternative phylogenetic
hypotheses; less than 25% of the characters analyzed here need have evolved in parallel, yet they are largely responsible
for the ambiguity of the nine different lemurid phylogenies. This suggests that phylogeny reconstructions based entirely on
cladistic methods do not provide a suitable basis for the construction of classifications for groups such as the order Primates,
where the degree of parallelism is likely to be quite high. 相似文献
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S. CHRISTOPHER BENNETT 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1996,118(3):261-308
In recent years the hypothesis that pterosaurs were the major sister-group of dinosaurs and a closely-linked hypothesis that pterosaurs evolved flight from the ground up have gained general acceptance. A cladistic analysis of the Archosauromorpha using characters presented by previous workers results in a single most parsimonious tree with the Pterosauria as the major sister-group of the Dinosauria. However, that sister-group relationship is supported only by a suite of hindlimb characters that are correlated with bipedal digitigrade locomotion in dinosaurs. In pterosaurs the characters have been interpreted as correlates of bipedal cursorial locomotion, arboreal leaping, or involvement of the hindlimb in the wing. The homology of those characters in dinosaurs and pterosaurs cannot be supported. Reanalysis of the data after exclusion of those hindlimb characters results in most parsimonious trees with the Pterosauria as the sister-group of the Erythrosuchidae + Proterochampsidae + Euparkeria + Archosauria, in that order. This sister-group relationship is supported by a diverse assemblage of functionally independent skeletal characters from all regions of the skeleton. The results of the analysis cast doubt on the hypothesis that pterosaurs evolved flight from the ground up. 相似文献
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Next‐generation sequencing technologies (NGS) allow systematists to amass a wealth of genomic data from non‐model species for phylogenetic resolution at various temporal scales. However, phylogenetic inference for many lineages dominated by non‐model species has not yet benefited from NGS, which can complement Sanger sequencing studies. One such lineage, whose phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain, is the diverse, agriculturally important and charismatic Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Given the lack of consensus on higher‐level relationships and the importance of a robust phylogeny for evolutionary hypothesis testing, we use a large data set comprised of hundreds of ultraconserved element (UCE) loci to infer the phylogeny of Coreoidea (excluding Stenocephalidae and Hyocephalidae), with emphasis on the families Coreidae and Alydidae. We generated three data sets by including alignments that contained loci sampled for at least 50%, 60%, or 70% of the total taxa, and inferred phylogeny using maximum likelihood and summary coalescent methods. Twenty‐six external morphological features used in relatively comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of coreoids were also re‐evaluated within our molecular phylogenetic framework. We recovered 439–970 loci per species (16%–36% of loci targeted) and combined this with previously generated UCE data for 12 taxa. All data sets, regardless of analytical approach, yielded topologically similar and strongly supported trees, with the exception of outgroup relationships and the position of Hydarinae. We recovered a monophyletic Coreoidea, with Rhopalidae highly supported as the sister group to Alydidae + Coreidae. Neither Alydidae nor Coreidae were monophyletic; the coreid subfamilies Hydarinae and Pseudophloeinae were recovered as more closely related to Alydidae than to other coreid subfamilies. Coreinae were paraphyletic with respect to Meropachyinae. Most morphological traits were homoplastic with several clades defined by few, if any, synapomorphies. Our results demonstrate the utility of phylogenomic approaches in generating robust hypotheses for taxa with long‐standing phylogenetic problems and highlight that novel insights may come from such approaches. 相似文献
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水螨群总科阶元系统发育的支序分析(蜱螨亚纲:水螨群) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对水螨群9总科进行了系统发育分析,支序分析选用了23个形态学特征和3个生物学特征。据分析结果所揭示的9总科间的系统发育关系和姐妹群关系,将水螨群9总科划分为5类:拟水螨类,含冥绒螨总科;始水螨类,含溪螨总科;真水螨类,含古水螨类和新水螨类;古水螨类,含水螨总科、盾水螨总科和皱喙螨总科;新水螨类,含刺触螨总科、腺水螨总科、湿螨总科和雄尾螨总科。类间姐妹群关系为:拟水螨类与始水螨类+真水螨类为姐妹群,始水螨类与真水螨类(古水螨类+新水螨类)为姐妹群,古水螨类与新水螨类为姐妹群。该文还就所提出的水螨群5类9总科的阶元排列建议与已有的观点进行了比较。 相似文献
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JAMES A. COMPTON J. CHRIS B. CLENNETT ALASTAIR CULHAM 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2004,146(3):339-349
Nine different classifications have been produced in the last 70 years for the horticulturally valuable genus Cyclamen , a small genus with fewer than 30 species. These classifications, generated by intuitive methods and cladistic analyses, incorporated a total of four infrageneric ranks above that of species and were based on data from morphology, cytology and DNA sequencing. Our results, based on cladistic analyses of three independent data sources − nrDNA ITS, cpDNA trn L intron and morphological data − reveal good resolution only in nrDNA sequence data. However, when these three data sources are combined they provide stronger resolution and support for three major clades, only one of which, subgenus Psilanthum , has been consistently supported in previous classifications. The differing infrageneric classifications produced in Cyclamen result from varying taxon sampling, differing interpretation of morphological data, changes in the sources and analysis of data, and inconsistent application of names. Extensive subdivision of small genera in the absence of adequate data that could provide evidence for consistent patterns of relationship is premature and leads to a proliferation of names. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 146 , 339–349. 相似文献
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中国大陆白腹鼠属的分支系统发育研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
运用Hennig的分支系统学原理和方法,对分布于中国大陆的白腹鼠属7个种的部分外部及头骨形态学特征进行性状数据分析,结合应用Paup和Hennig 86两种分支系统学软件对它们之间的系统发育关系进行研究.结果表明:安氏白腹鼠N.andersoni和川西白腹鼠N.excelsior亲缘关系较近,二者聚在一起,组成了Musser(1981)的安氏白腹鼠种组N.andersoni-Division;另外刺毛鼠N.fulvescens和褐尾鼠N.cremoriuenter的亲缘关系最近,二者先聚在一起,再与社鼠N.confucianus聚在一起,形成了安氏白腹鼠种组的姐妹群;而梵鼠N.brahma是上述5种白腹鼠组成类群的姐妹群,灰腹鼠N.eha则与前6种白腹鼠组成类群互为姐妹群. 相似文献