缘蝽科族级单元系统发育关系支序分析

在已有比较形态学研究基础上,本文选择了１５个特征方面的７４个新生,以支序分析方法探讨缘蝽科族的系统发育关系。结果表明棒缘蝽亚科、希缘蝽族、沟缘蝽族较为原始,与其余类群差异较大,缘蝽科的范围值得进一步研究;除Ｃｈａｒｉｅｓｔｅｒｉｎｉ外的缘蝽亚科是高等的缘蝽类群;Ｃｈａｒｉｅｓｅｒｉｎｉ似应从缘蝽亚科中独立出来,狭义巨大级蝽族以及萧的鼻缘蝽族、梭缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族、曼缘蝽族成立、拟黛缘蝽属、副黛缘蝽属     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅰ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本研究叙述了缘蝽科的基本特征以及缘蝽科中２２个族或亚科级单元的比较形态学特征,特别是外生殖器的特征描述及其图解多为首次报道。认为瘤缘蝽族、喙缘蝽族、竹缘蝽族、沟缘蝽亚科、达缘蝽族、同缘蝽族、特缘蝽族及美洲各族（或亚科）为单系群;梭缘蝽族（包括唯一属梭缘蝽属）的族级地位成立;缘蝽族各属关系复杂;黛缘蝽族是一个复系类群,各属关系复杂,在头部、阳茎和雄虫生殖腔等方面的构造已呈明显差异,此族似不成立;岗缘蝽族应是一单系群,但Ｐｌｉｎａｃｈｔｕｓｂａｓａｌｉｓ似应独立成属并移出岗缘蝽族;曼缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族及鼻缘蝽族［仅１属１种,该属另外１种ＳｉｎｏｔｎｇｕｓｒｕｂｒｏｍａｃｕｌｕｓＨｓｉａｏ被移到类缘蝽属中,即Ａｎａｃａｎｔｈｏｃｏｒｉｓｒｕｂｒｏｍａｃｕｌｕｓ（Ｈｓｉａｏ）（ｎ．ｃｏｍｂ,新组合）为单属族,它们的系统学地位有待进一步研究;希缘蝽族（或亚科）身体构造很特异,是较原始的缘蝽类群;棒缘蝽亚科亦为较原始的类群,其中棒缘蝽属群各属组成一单系群,证明Ｓｔａｌ（１８７３）将它们成立棒缘蝽族合理;其余棒缘蝽亚科各属虽在某些外部形态上表现出一定的亲缘关系,但属间特征交叉,且与棒缘蝽族有许多共同特征,若归为一族,则造成     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究I（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本研究叙述了缘蝽科的基本特征以及缘蝽科中２２个族或亚和及单元的比较形态学特征，特别是外生殖器的特征描述其图解多为首次报道。认为瘤缘蝽族、喙缘蝽族、竹缘蝽族、沟缘蝽亚科、达缘蝽族、同缘蝽族、特缘蝽族及美洲各族（或亚科）为单系群；梭缘蝽族（包括唯一属梭缘蝽属）的族级地位成立；缘蝽族各属关系复杂；黛缘蝽族是一个复系类群，各属关系复杂，在头部、阳茎和雄虫生殖腔等方面的构造已呈明显差异，此族似不成立；岗缘蝽     

缘蝽总科支序分析及其高级分类系统(半翅目:异翅亚目)(英)

本文在已有大量比较形态学研究和各科支序分析研究基础上,对缘蝽总科的科、亚科、族等亚群的系统发育关系作了支序分析研究,结果表明,缘蝽总科、蛛缘蝽科、姬缘蝽科的单系群地位得到证明。而缘蝽科由于其棒缘蝽亚科和希缘蝽亚科分别占据支序图的两个最低位置,它们在缘蝽总科中具有较多的原始特征,缘蝽亚科的Chariesterini族与南美缘蝽亚科互为姐妹群而与缘蝽亚科其它族差异较大;姬缘蝽科的红缘蝽亚科处在该分支的最高位置且与姬缘蝽亚科中的Harmostini族互为姐妹群,与姬缘蝽亚科其它族关系也较近,因而传统的缘蝽科、缘蝽亚科、姬缘蝽亚科为并系群。为使各分类单元为单系群即自然类群,使分类系统更忠实于系统发育关系,本文将棒缘蝽亚科和希缘蝽亚科分别提升为科,Chariesterini族提升为亚科;红缘蝽亚科降为族,姬缘蝽科不设亚科。据上述分类学变动提出了缘蝽总科族以上高级阶分类系统。     

蛛缘蝽科系统发育初探(半翅目:缘蝽总科)

本文通对蛛缘蝽科各亚群16个代表属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了属间系统发育关系,其结果证实蛛缘蝽科为一单源群,支持Schaefe(1965)将该科分为蛛缘蝽亚科和微缘蝽亚科的意见,并认为扁缘蝽属和锥缘蝽属应分别单独成立族。Ahmad(1965)等将原有蛛缘蝽族、稻缘蝽族和微翅缘蝽族分别提升为亚科从而将该科分为三亚科的观点得不到文中支序图的支持。     

姬缘蝽科系统发育初探：（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本文通过对姬缘蝽科１４属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了各类间的系统发育关系,３其结果证明姬缘蝽科为一明显单系群,并支持Ｃｈｏｐｒａ（１９６７）系统中大部分族的划分意见,但因支序图中玛缘蝽族和姬缘蝽亚科为并系群,从而对Ｃｈｏｐｒａ系统中亚科的划分及玛缘蝽族是否成立提出疑问,并认为已有系统中的“红缘蝽亚科”应降为族级。文中还将支序分析结果与经前作者的系统发育意见相比较,认为本文所提出的关于该科     

中国缘蝽新种记述(半翅目:缘蝽科)Ⅲ

本文记述了中国缘蝽科17属20种,属于棒缘蝽亚科(Pseudophloeinae)4种,姬缘蝽亚科(Rhopalinae)6种,蛛缘蝽亚科(Alydinae)10种;其中有4个新属12个新种,另有6个属和8个种是在中国首次记录。     

缘蝽总科昆虫精巢形态

为比较缘蝽总科昆虫的精巢形态差异,解剖镜下解剖观察拍照,对缘蝽总科3科4亚科6属9种昆虫的精巢进行了观察。结果表明:缘蝽总科精巢、输精管皆被有不同颜色的被膜。姬缘蝽科Rhopalidae姬缘蝽亚科Rhopalinae迷缘蝽属Myrmus精巢为小(中)型卵圆形。缘蝽科Coreidae缘蝽亚科Coreinae棘缘蝽属Cletus精巢近似三角形。巨缘蝽亚科Mictinae安缘蝽属Anoplocnemis小型圆球形。蛛缘蝽科Alydidae蛛缘蝽亚科Alydinae长缘蝽属Megalotomus为小型卵圆形。缘蝽总科姬缘蝽科Rhopalidae姬缘蝽亚科Rhopalinae环缘蝽属Stictopleurus、伊缘蝽属Rhopalus为长圆椎(圆柱)状。精巢大小与个体大小成反比。缘蝽总科精巢形状、大小、颜色及输精管粗细在科级、亚科级、属级具有分类特征。     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究　Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）１５棒缘蝽亚科（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｈｌｏｅｉｎａｅ）（图６８—８３）棒缘蝽类包括２８个属,除ＶｉｌｇａＳｔａｌ为新世界分布,ＣｅｒａｌｅｐｔｕｓＣｏｓｔａ和颗缘...     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）６缘蝽族（ＣｏｒｅｉｎｉＬｅａｃｈ）（图２８—３０）繁复庞杂的一类,世界性分布,中、南美的属相对较多。历史上曾有几次将该类群分成若干族或亚族的尝试（Ｂｅｒｇｒ...     

CLADISTIC ANALYSIS AND HIGHER CLASSIFICATION OF COREOIDEA (HETEROPTERA)

Abstract  A cladistic analysis of tribes and subfamilies included in Coreidae, Rhopalidae and Alydidae of the superfamily Coreoidea, based on 60 apomorphies, has been made in the present paper. The results indicate that both the Pseudophloeinae and Hydarinae of Coreidae are monophyletic and occupy the two lowest positions in the cladogram in comparison with the other coreid groups; the tribe Chariesterini of Coreinae is a sister group with Meropachydinae; Serinethini (the only tribe of "Serinethinae", Rhopalidae) is a sister group with Harmostini of Rhopalinae in the rhopalid offset of the cladogram. These mean the traditional Coreidae, Coreinae, and Rhopalinae are paraphyletic groups. According to the results of the snalysis and their characteristics, the "Pseudophloeinae" and "Hydarinae" are raised to family category respectively, the tribe Chariesterini is raised to subfamily category in family Coreidae; the traditional Serinethinae is suppressed to tribe category (no subfamilial ranks will be set up in Rhopalidae), so that all the groups are natural and the paraphyletic groups are avoided in the superfamily, and no this basis a new higher classification system of Coreoidea is suggested.     

First Record of the Tribe Hydarini in Australia with the Description of a New Species of Hydarella Bergroth (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Hydarella weiri sp.n. is described from the Northern Territory and Western Australia. This is the first member of the tribe Hydarini (Coreidae: Coreinae) recorded from Australia. Its relationships are discussed, and a key to Hydarella spp. is included. the head, pronotum, pygophore and female external genitalia are figured.     

Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera,Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions

To understand the evolutionary history of Lymantriinae and test the present higher‐level classification, we performed the first broad‐scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily, based on 154 exemplars representing all recognized tribes and drawn from all major biogeographical regions. We used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA) and six nuclear genes (elongation factor‐1α, carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein, ribosomal protein S5, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and wingless). Data matrices (in total 5424 bp) were analysed by parsimony and model‐based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Based on the results of the analyses, we present a new phylogenetic classification for Lymantriinae composed of seven well‐supported tribes, two of which are proposed here as new: Arctornithini, Leucomini, Lymantriini, Orgyiini, Nygmiini, Daplasini trib. nov. and Locharnini trib. nov. We discuss the internal structure of each of these tribes and address some of the more complex problems with the genus‐level classification, particularly within Orgyiini and Nygmiini.     

Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic

Next‐generation sequencing technologies (NGS) allow systematists to amass a wealth of genomic data from non‐model species for phylogenetic resolution at various temporal scales. However, phylogenetic inference for many lineages dominated by non‐model species has not yet benefited from NGS, which can complement Sanger sequencing studies. One such lineage, whose phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain, is the diverse, agriculturally important and charismatic Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Given the lack of consensus on higher‐level relationships and the importance of a robust phylogeny for evolutionary hypothesis testing, we use a large data set comprised of hundreds of ultraconserved element (UCE) loci to infer the phylogeny of Coreoidea (excluding Stenocephalidae and Hyocephalidae), with emphasis on the families Coreidae and Alydidae. We generated three data sets by including alignments that contained loci sampled for at least 50%, 60%, or 70% of the total taxa, and inferred phylogeny using maximum likelihood and summary coalescent methods. Twenty‐six external morphological features used in relatively comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of coreoids were also re‐evaluated within our molecular phylogenetic framework. We recovered 439–970 loci per species (16%–36% of loci targeted) and combined this with previously generated UCE data for 12 taxa. All data sets, regardless of analytical approach, yielded topologically similar and strongly supported trees, with the exception of outgroup relationships and the position of Hydarinae. We recovered a monophyletic Coreoidea, with Rhopalidae highly supported as the sister group to Alydidae + Coreidae. Neither Alydidae nor Coreidae were monophyletic; the coreid subfamilies Hydarinae and Pseudophloeinae were recovered as more closely related to Alydidae than to other coreid subfamilies. Coreinae were paraphyletic with respect to Meropachyinae. Most morphological traits were homoplastic with several clades defined by few, if any, synapomorphies. Our results demonstrate the utility of phylogenomic approaches in generating robust hypotheses for taxa with long‐standing phylogenetic problems and highlight that novel insights may come from such approaches.     

缘蝽亚科和巨缘蝽亚科部分种类细胞色素b基因序列及系统进化研究的探讨(半翅目:缘蝽科)

以线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因作为分子标记,首次对缘蝽亚科和巨缘蝽亚科9种昆虫进行序列测定,获得Cytb基因412bp序列片段,该片段中碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为34.0%、11.6%、34.5%和19.9%,A T平均含量为68.5%,明显高于G C含量(31.5%)。密码子第3位点的A T含量高达79.8%,属种间序列变异大,有188个核苷酸位点发生变异,碱基替换多发生于第3位点。以筛豆龟蝽为外群构建系统发育树,表明黑缘蝽属与缘蝽亚科其它属关系较远,同缘蝽属与巨缘蝽亚科关系较近,结合形态特征与序列变异情况,建议将黑缘蝽属和同缘蝽属从缘蝽亚科划出,同缘蝽归属于巨缘蝽亚科,并将黑缘蝽属提升为亚科。     

Major lineages of Nolidae (Lepidoptera,Noctuoidea) elucidated by molecular phylogenetics

To elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the major lineages within the moth family Nolidae, we analysed a molecular dataset comprising eight independent gene regions (6.4 kbp), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from the mitochondrial genome, and elongation factor‐1α (EF‐1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and wingless genes from the nuclear genome, using parsimony and model‐based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Our analyses revealed a well‐resolved phylogenetic hypothesis, again recovering the six previously recognized families within Noctuoidea (i.e. Oenosandridae, Notodontidae, Euteliidae, Erebidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae), and monophyly of the quadrifid Noctuoidea (i.e. Euteliidae, Erebidae, Nolidae and Noctuidae). The family Nolidae is diagnosed and characterized by two synapomorphies from morphology: construction of a ridged boat‐shaped cocoon that bears a vertical exit slit at one end; and two other morphological character states: elongation of the forewing retinaculum into a bar‐like or digitate condition and possession of a postpiracular counter‐tympanal hood. We present a new phylogenetic hypothesis for Nolidae consisting of eight strongly supported subfamilies, two of which are erected here: Diphtherinae, Risobinae, Collomeninae subfam. nov., Beaninae subfam. nov., Eligminae, Westermanniinae, Nolinae and Chloephorinae. Where we are able, each monophyletic lineage is diagnosed by morphological autapomorphies and within each subfamily, monophyletic tribes and subtribes are circumscribed, most of which are also diagnosable by morphological apomorphies. We also describe two new taxa: Gelastocerini trib. nov. and Etannina subtrib. nov. The Neotropical subfamily Diphtherinae, here newly circumscribed, is considered to be the plesiomorphic sister lineage to the rest of Nolidae. Diphtherinae are characterized by loss of the proximal pair of metatibial spurs in males and by the presence of a frontal tubercle, which is presumably associated with a derived strategy of emergence from the cocoon.     

Morphological classification of loaches (Nemacheilinae)

Comprehensive comparative morphological analysis of loaches from the subfamily Nemacheilinae is conducted. Forty significant phylogenetic characters are suggested, and phylogenetic relationships are reconstructed. The subfamily Nemacheilinae is subdivided into five tribes (Vaillantellini, Lefuini nov., Yunnanilini nov., Triplophysini nov., and Nemacheilini), and the relationships between these tribes can be expressed by the following formula: Vaillantellini (Lefuini (Yunnanilini (Triplophysini + Nemacheilini))). The classification of highland Asian loaches (Triplophysini) is specified, and the revised diagnoses of the genera from this tribe are given. Heterogeneity of the genus Triplophysa is demonstrated. This genus can be divided into several subgenera, and three new subgenera (Labiatophysa subgen. nov., Indotriplophysa subgen. nov., and Tarimichthys subgen. nov.) are described. A new species Hedinichthys grummorum sp. n is described from the Turpan Depression (northwest China).     

Mitogenomic phylogeny of Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) reveals homoplasy in tribal diagnostic morphological traits

The subfamily Typhlocybinae is a ubiquitous, highly diverse group of mostly tiny, delicate leafhoppers. The tribal classification has long been controversial and phylogenetic methods have only recently begun to test the phylogenetic status and relationships of tribes. To shed light on the evolution of Typhlocybinae, we performed phylogenetic analyses based on 28 newly sequenced and 19 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes representing all currently recognized tribes. The results support the monophyly of the subfamily and its sister‐group relationship to Mileewinae. The tribe Zyginellini is polyphyletic with some included genera derived independently within Typhlocybini. Ancestral character state reconstruction suggests that some morphological characters traditionally considered important for diagnosing tribes (presence/absence of ocelli, development of hind wing submarginal vein) are homoplastic. Divergence time estimates indicate that the subfamily arose during the Middle Cretaceous and that the extant tribes arose during the Late Cretaceous. Phylogenetic results support establishment of a new genus, Subtilissimia Yan & Yang gen. nov., with two new species, Subtilissimia fulva Yan & Yang sp. nov. and Subtilissimia pellicula Yan & Yang sp. nov.; but indicate that two previously recognized species of Farynala distinguished only by the direction of curvature of the processes of the aedeagus are synonyms, that is, Farynala dextra Yan & Yang, 2017 equals Farynala sinistra Yan & Yang, 2017 syn. nov. A key to tribes of Typhlocybinae is provided.