关于“食品”含义的文献综述 ——新《食品安全法》第150条探讨

通过整理搜集“食品”含义相关资料,比较研究食品与农产品、药品、保健品等概念,就新《食品安全法》第150条中“食品”的含义进行辩证分析,以期为《食品安全法》修改提供理论支持与参考,使“食品”含义更严谨、明确、科学、完善,与相关法律实现无缝对接,完整涵盖法律需规制对象的范围。     

现代生物技术支撑中国食品产业发展

<正>食品生物技术产业主要涉及发酵食品产业、食品添加剂与配料的生物制造产业以及生物健康与功能食品相关产业等,另外还涉及食品生物技术在食品包装、质量安全检测、食品生产废弃物处理等方面的应用。食品生物技术的最早应用可追溯到几千年前,当时人类已懂得用天然发酵     

我国食品物流环节安全监管的实证研究——基于141家物流企业的调查采样数据

构建了食品物流环节监管指数体系,利用141家物流企业7 191个调查采样数据并借助网络层次分析——模糊综合评价模型,对食品物流环节的监管情况进行实证研究。实证研究表明,食品物流环节监管总体情况较好;国家对食品物流法律法规缺失;物流信息化和仓储技术方面存在不足,如物流可追溯管理系统建立、食品档案完整性等;仓储管理系统技术、摘取式电子标签拣货系统等的应用。     

我国城镇居民食品消费需求分析与预测模拟

食品消费关系社会民生,是居民消费的重要组成部分。基于2006—2012年全国31个省份城镇居民食品消费支出和收入数据,运用ELES模型实证分析我国城镇居民食品消费需求系统。在此基础上,运用灰色预测模型GM（1,1）模拟2013—2017年各食品的收入弹性。结果表明：水产品长期具有高档食品特征,对收入变动十分敏感,其与奶制品是今后食品消费增长的主要动力;肉禽和蔬菜基本需求逐期递增,收入弹性具有收敛趋势;受农村居民向城市转移的影响,粮食、蛋类等低价食品的消费需求增加;生存型消费支出约占30%,食品消费结构逐步向膳食均衡转变。     

消费者“微”平台食品网购的认知与支付意愿分析

微博、微信已成为一个获取、传播和分享信息的重要平台,通过“微”平台制定营销策略已成为互联网营销的重点。本文通过问卷调查分析了不同消费者“微”平台下对食品网购的认知和行为趋向,通过消费者对网购的熟悉程度、“微”平台的使用程度、网购食品实际行为等,综合分析了“微”平台下消费者食品网购的支付意愿,并对“微”平台食品网络营销的发展提出了建议。     

β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙在食品中的应用现状

目前新资源食品原料β-基-β-基丁酸钙在食品中的应用广泛,其应用主要是基于其可以促进肌肉合成,减少肌肉蛋白降解等。文章综述了β-基-β-基丁酸钙在食品中的应用现状,包括在动物营养、运动营养以及在特殊医学用途配方食品中的应用等。     

中国传统淀粉类食品——粉丝的研究进展

当前我国许多优质的传统淀粉食品不被大家关注,甚至存在许多消费误区。本文主要介绍了充分利用淀粉老化性质的中国传统淀粉食品——粉丝的研究进展,为中国传统淀粉类食品品质评价体系的建立与完善奠定了一定的基础,旨在让更多的消费者正确认知、认识、认可中国传统淀粉类食品。     

推动食品生物技术及产业快速创新发展

<正>食品生物技术,是指生物技术在食品领域中的应用,包括利用传统生物技术进行食品发酵和酿造,以及利用现代生物技术,如基因工程、酶工程、细胞工程、现代发酵工程、组学技术等,进行食品及食品原料的生产、加工和改良。食品生物技术作为一项极富潜力和发展空间的高新技术,以生命科学为基础,以工程技术为手段,在食品工业的现代发展中发挥着重要的推动作用。食品生物技术是一门极具包容性和关联性的综合学科,包括分子生物学、细胞生物学、微生物学、免疫学、     

淀粉凝胶食品——粉皮、凉粉的研究进展

介绍了充分利用淀粉老化性质的淀粉凝胶食品——粉皮、凉粉的研究进展,旨在让更多的消费者正确地认识、认知、认可淀粉凝胶食品。     

转基因食品认知状况分析

目的：了解我国消费者对转基因食品的认知现状,为我国转基因食品监管及科普宣传提供数据支撑及政策建议。方法：采用配额抽样法,对我国23个省市的318个县/区的9 800名消费者随机进行转基因食品的认知水平相关问题的问卷调查;利用SPSS 19.0对调查数据进行分析。结果：在9 719份有效问卷中,了解转基因食品的有3 075人（31.7%）、认为对转基因食品一般了解的有3 168人（32.6%）、认为不了解转基因食品的有3 476人（35.7%）;认为食用转基因食品安全的有3 954人（40.7%）、不清楚是否安全的有3 488人（35.9%）、认为食用转基因食品不安全的有2 277人（23.5%）。当问及消费者是否会购买转基因食品时,18.6%表示会购买、34.9%表示不会购买转基因食品、而有46.4%的消费者表示不确定。通过卡方检验得出,户籍和文化程度都是影响转基因食品认知水平的重要因素。结论：我国消费者对转基因食品的认知水平总体偏低,政府相关职能部门应加大对转基因食品的科普宣传力度,特别是在农村的转基因食品科普宣传;同时健全相关法律法规与监管体制,保障公众食品安全,促进转基因食品产业健康发展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.