Novel oxazolinyl derivatives of pregna-5,17(20)-diene as 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) inhibitors

New oxazolinyl derivatives of [17(20)E]-pregna-5,17(20)-diene: 2′-{[(E)-3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-ylidene]methyl}-4′,5′-dihydro-1′,3′-oxazole 1 and 2′-{[(E)-3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-ylidene]methyl}-4′,4′-dimethyl-4′,5′-dihydro-1′,3′-oxazole 2 were evaluated as potential CYP17A1 inhibitors in comparison with 17-(pyridin-3-yl)androsta-5,16-dien-3β-ol 3 (abiraterone). Differential absorption spectra of human recombinant CYP17A1 in the presence of compound 1 (λ_max = 422 nm, λ_min = 386 nm) and compound 2 (λ_max = 416 nm) indicated significant differences in enzyme/inhibitors complexes. CYP17A1 activity was measured using electrochemical methods. Inhibitory activity of compound 1 was comparable with abiraterone 3 (IC₅₀ = 0.9 ± 0.1 μM, and IC₅₀ = 1.3 ± 0.1 μM, for compounds 1 and 3, respectively), while compound 2 was found to be weaker inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 13 ± 1 μM). Docking of aforementioned compounds to CYP17A1 revealed that steroid fragments of compound 1 and abiraterone 3 occupied close positions; oxazoline cycle of compound 1 was coordinated with heme iron similarly to pyridine cycle of abiraterone 3. Configuration of substituents at 17(20) double bond in preferred docked position corresponded to Z-isomers of compounds 1 and 2. Presence of 4′-substituents in oxazoline ring of compound 2 prevents coordination of oxazoline nitrogen with heme iron and worsens its docking score in comparison with compound 1. These data indicate that oxazolinyl derivative of [17(20)E]-pregna-5,17(20)-diene 1 (rather than 4′,4′-dimethyl derivative 2) may be considered as potential CYP17A1 inhibitor and template for development of new compounds affecting growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells.     

迷失的世界(17)

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DEHP对中国林蛙精巢中StAR、CYP17和CYP19基因表达的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP)对两栖动物精巢类固醇激素合成的影响,将中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)雄性成体分别暴露于浓度为10-7、10-6、10-5、10-4mol·L-1DEHP的水体,分别在暴露20、30和40d取其精巢,提取精巢总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,通过荧光实时定量PCR检测StAR、CYP17和CYP19mRNA表达相对值。结果表明:与对照组相比,DEHP处理组StAR和CYP19基因表达均上调,CYP17基因表达下调;比较不同DEHP浓度和不同暴露时间对StAR、CYP17和CYP19mRNA表达相对值的影响,显示DEHP浓度变化对3个基因表达影响的规律性不强,而DEHP暴露时间的累积效应较明显;提示DEHP可通过干扰中国林蛙精巢中StAR、CYP17和CYP19基因表达,影响其相应关键酶的表达,从而干扰类固醇激素的合成,产生雌激素效应。     

Homozygous CYP17A1 mutation (H373L) identified in a 46,XX female with combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency

Background: Defects in cytochrome P450c17 are uncommon forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by CYP17A1 mutations. An H373L mutation in the CYP17A1 gene has been identified in Japanese and Chinese patients. This mutation impairs 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activity. Case: A 23-year-old Korean female (46,XX) presented with absent spontaneous puberty and hypertension. Hormonal findings were consistent with combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. Very high levels of progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone were detected, coincident with normal 17-hydroxysteroid levels. Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone were extremely low. Mutation analysis of the CYP17A1 gene identified a homozygous missense mutation changing His (CAC) to Leu (CTC) at codon 373. This mutation is known to completely abolish both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activity. The patient's nonconsanguineous parents were heterozygous for this mutation. Of note, her serum steroid levels indicated decreased, but still present, 17α-hydroxylase activity in vivo. Conclusion: We detected a homozygous H373L mutation in a patient with combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. Our findings demonstrate minimally preserved 17α-hydroxylase activity in vivo and contribute to our knowledge of the regional prevalence of this mutation in Northeast Asia.     

甾醇14a-去甲基化酶(CYP51)的研究进展

甾醇14α-去甲基化酶(CYP51)是分布最广的细胞色素P450家族成员,是生物甾醇合成过程中的关键酶.故CYP51不仅是细胞色素P450蛋白结构、功能、结构与功能关系等研究的模板,而且是重要的降胆固醇药物、抗真菌药物和除草剂作用靶标,具有重要的经济价值.以下就CYP51家族的序列特征、功能(生理功能和生化特征)、结构、结构与功能的关系、CYP51活性的抑制等方面的研究进展进行了综述.并对CYP51抑制剂的研究局限方面进行了讨论,探讨了CYP51抑制剂设计开发的相关问题.     

人17β羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSD)基因在家蚕系统中的表达(简报)

17β羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-hydroxystero-id dehydrogenase,17β-HSD)能催化人体内类固醇性激素的形成和转化,例如它可以催化雌二醇与雌酮,雄烯二酮与睾酮之间的相互转化反应。人体内17β-HSD在胎盘组织含量最为丰富,催化17β-雌二醇等雌激素的生成,同时这些激素能够刺激乳腺瘤的增生。因此,如何抑制17β-HSD酶的过高活性,减少癌变发生的可能性,已成为目前这类癌症治疗的一个重要研究目标。目前,从胎盘组织中提取17β-HSD的方法,产量低,比活小,周期长,     

keyword indes(1996,wol.17)

ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＩＮＤＥＳ（１９９６，Ｖｏｌ．１７）Ａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅ（３）：２３２ＡＣＡｓｅｒｕｍ（４）：４９９，５０７Ａｃｃｉｐｉｔｒｉｄａｅ（４）＝４８２Ａｄｅｎｏｈｙｐｏｐｈｙｓｉｓ（ｌ）：７８Ａｅｒｉａｌｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ（２）：１５１Ａ...     

赤霉酸对枯草杆菌A_(17)生长的作用

我们曾经报导过,在以谷氨酸作为碳源的的合成培养基中加入赤霉酸,每毫升60微克,可以明显地刺激枯草杆菌_17的α—淀粉酶的形成。外源的3’,5’—环式—磷酸腺苷(5×10~(-3)M)和三磷酸腺苷(10~(-3)M)也有类似赤霉酸的作用、赤霉酸,3’,5’—环式     

Identifying a novel mutation of CYP17A1 gene from five Chinese 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase deficiency patients

Mutations of CYP17A1 gene could cause complete or partial, combined or isolated 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase enzyme deficiencies (17OHD). We intended to investigate the CYP17A1 mutation in five unrelated patients and analyze its possible influence on phenotype of an atypical 17OHD patient presented with micropenis, hypertension and intermittent hypokalemia. Steroid hormones were assayed in these patients. A novel missense mutation (c.1169C>G, p. Thr390Arg) located in exon 7 was detected in one of the patients. Homozygous c. 985_987delinsAA, p. Tyr329fs mutation was found in two patients, while compound heterozygous mutations (c. 985_987delinsAA, p. Tyr329fs/c. 932–939 del, p. Val311fs and c. 287G>A, p. Arg96Gln/c. 985_987delinsAA, p. Tyr329fs) were found in two other patients, respectively. Then, steric model analysis of CYP17A1 showed that the novel mutation T390R changed the local structure as well as the electrostatic potential of the nearby beta sheet. Finally, site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro expression were used to analyze the activity of novel mutant CYP17A1. It indicated the T390R mutant retained part of enzyme activity, which was consistent to the clinical features. In conclusion, we identified a novel missense mutation of CYP17A1 gene from a patient with micropenis, hypertension and intermittent hypokalemia, which varied from other four patients. It also expanded our understanding of genotype–phenotype correlation of the disease.     

青海湖裸鲤CYP17a2基因的克隆及表达分析

CYP17a2基因是细胞色素CYP17(cytochrome P450,CYP)超家族成员之一,在卵巢发育过程中,可以与CYP17a1共同作用控制卵子的发育和成熟。研究和掌握青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)卵巢发育的基本规律,可为该鱼种的人工增殖放流及其资源保护和恢复提供技术支撑。本研究采用普通PCR和RACE方法克隆得到了青海湖裸鲤CYP17a2基因全长c DNA序列,并分析了其生物信息学意义,通过实时荧光定量PCR确定了CYP17a2基因在青海湖雌性裸鲤各组织中的表达分布特征。该基因的c DNA序列全长为1 871 bp,共编码390个氨基酸,所编码的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼和鲤鱼的同源性最高,分别为69%和64%。该基因在卵巢、卵巢膜、脑、肌肉、肝胰脏中均有表达,以在卵巢中表达量最高(p0.01)。本研究结果将为进一步开展CYP17a2基因在青海湖裸鲤卵巢发育的分子调节机理的研究中提供基础数据。     

Molecular modeling of the interaction of 17(20)Z- and 17(20)E-pregna-5,17(20)-dien-21-oyl amides with the nuclear receptor LXRβ

Eight isomeric 17(20)Z- and 17(20)E-pregna-5,17(20)-dien-21-oyl amides, conformationally rigid oxysterol analogues, differing in the structure of the amide moiety have been analyzed. Analysis of low energy conformers revealed that all 17(20)E-isomers had three main energy minima (corresponding to the values of the dihedral angle θ_20,21 (C17=C20-C21=O) about ～0°, ～120°, and ～240°); the most occupied minimum corresponded to θ_20,21 about ～0°. 17(20) Z-Isomers had either one or two pools of stable low energy conformations. Molecular docking of these compounds to the ligand-binding site of the nuclear receptor LXRβ (a potential target) demonstrated high probability of binding of E-isomers but not Z-isomers with this target. Results of the molecular modeling were confirmed by an experiment in which stimulation of triglyceride biosynthesis in Hep G2 cells in the presence of 17(20)E-3β-hydroxypregna-5,17(20)-dien-21-oyl (hydroxyethyl)amide was demonstrated.     

Characterization of cynomolgus monkey cytochrome P450 (CYP) cDNAs: is CYP2C76 the only monkey-specific CYP gene responsible for species differences in drug metabolism?

Cynomolgus monkey CYP2C76 does not have a corresponding ortholog in humans, and it is at least partly responsible for differences in drug metabolism between monkeys and humans. To determine if CYP2C76 is the only monkey-specific CYP gene, we identified cynomolgus monkey cDNAs for CYP2A23, CYP2A24, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, CYP3A5, CYP3A8, CYP4A11, CYP4F3, CYP4F11, CYP4F12, and CYP4F45. These CYP cDNAs showed a high sequence identity (93-96%) to the homologous human CYP cDNAs. The monkey CYPs were preferentially expressed in liver among the analyzed tissues. Moreover, all five analyzed monkey CYPs (CYP2A23, CYP2A24, CYP2E1, CYP3A5, and CYP3A8) metabolized typical substrates for human CYPs in the corresponding subfamilies. These results suggest that these 11 monkey CYP cDNAs are closely related to the human CYP cDNAs and thus, unlike CYP2C76, are not apparent monkey-specific cDNAs.     

17种李属(广义)植物果实表皮微形态

应用蔡司荧光倒置显微镜观察17种(包含7栽培种)李属(广义)植物的果实表皮微形态特征。结果显示,果实表皮微形态多样,气孔复合体类型、气孔器形状、气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔周围纹饰等在李属(广义)植物不同类群中表现出各自独立的特点;一些性状如表皮细胞垂周壁式样、角质层纹饰和气孔复合体类型在属内各类群中出现分化规律,在各亚属之间表现出过渡性和连续性。研究表明,果实表皮微形态特征部分性状可作为李属(广义)植物识别的依据。果实表皮微形态特征在各类群之间变化,反映了不同类群对生态环境的适应。     

环磷酰胺(CYP)通过激活Caspase-1诱导表达抑制小鼠皮肤的生长

环磷酰胺对于子宫内膜癌、B细胞淋巴癌、中央神经系统肿瘤等各类癌症的治疗有着良好的效果.但是,一个重要的问题是它对于患者的皮肤,产生严重的有害作用,产生这个作用的详细机制还不是很清楚.苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色和实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time qPCR)实验结果表明,环磷酰胺诱导caspase-1过量表达,而caspase-1基因的诱导性表达,可能引起了皮肤的非正常凋亡,从而对皮肤构成毒害.     

Design and synthesis of functionalized piperazin-1yl-(E)-stilbenes as inhibitors of 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (Cyp17)

The synthesis of steroid hormones is critical to human physiology and improper regulation of either the synthesis of these key molecules or activation of the associated receptors can lead to disease states. This has led to intense interest in developing compounds capable of modulating the synthesis of steroid hormones. Compounds capable of inhibiting Cyp19 (Aromatase), a key enzyme in the synthesis of estrogens, have been successfully employed as breast cancer therapies, while inhibitors of Cyp17 (17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and steroidal sex hormones, are a key component of prostate cancer therapy. Inhibition of CYP17 has also been suggested as a possible target for the treatment of Cushing Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome. We have identified two novel series of stilbene based CYP17 inhibitors and demonstrated that exemplary compounds in these series have pharmacokinetic properties consistent with orally delivered drugs. These findings suggest that compounds in these classes may be useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions associated with improper regulation of glucocorticoids synthesis and glucocorticoids receptor activation.     

枯草杆菌A_(17)中含Poly(A)的RNA的分离和体外翻译

在以甘油(0.24％)或谷氨酸(0.5％)作为碳源,低磷(6.4×10~(-5)M)合成培养基,37℃下生长15小时的枯草杆菌A_(17),细胞中的含有poly(A)的RNA,可被oligo(dT)-纤维素分离。在培养基中加入赤霉酸(GA_3)30 μg/ml的情况下,含poly(A)的 RNA(峰Ⅱ)约为上柱总RNA的0.16～1.27％,不加GA_3的则为0.16～0.45％。这种含poly(A)的RNA能在麦胚非细胞合成系统中刺激~3H-亮氨酸掺入蛋白质,可为对照的4～8倍,其放射比活性为7000～23000 cpm/μg RNA,说明这种含 poly(A)的 RNA具有mRNA活性。     

Syntheses of (14β,17α)-14-Hydroxy- and (14β,17α)-2,14-Dihydroxyestradiols and Their Activities

Structure 1 is proposed for the Inagami-Tamura endogenous digitalis-like factor (EDLF), and (14β,17α)-14-hydroxy- and (14β, 17α)-2,14-dihydroxyestradiols (2 and 3) were synthesized as models for studies on 1. The latter compound was remarkably potent in inducing a contractile response in isolated rat aorta and guinea pig left atrium.     

Hydroxybenzothiazoles as new nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1)

17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent estrogen in humans, known to be involved in the development and progession of estrogen-dependent diseases (EDD) like breast cancer and endometriosis. 17β-HSD1, which catalyses the reduction of the weak estrogen estrone (E1) to E2, is often overexpressed in breast cancer and endometriotic tissues. An inhibition of 17β-HSD1 could selectively reduce the local E2-level thus allowing for a novel, targeted approach in the treatment of EDD. Continuing our search for new nonsteroidal 17β-HSD1 inhibitors, a novel pharmacophore model was derived from crystallographic data and used for the virtual screening of a small library of compounds. Subsequent experimental verification of the virtual hits led to the identification of the moderately active compound 5. Rigidification and further structure modifications resulted in the discovery of a novel class of 17β-HSD1 inhibitors bearing a benzothiazole-scaffold linked to a phenyl ring via keto- or amide-bridge. Their putative binding modes were investigated by correlating their biological data with features of the pharmacophore model. The most active keto-derivative 6 shows IC₅₀-values in the nanomolar range for the transformation of E1 to E2 by 17β-HSD1, reasonable selectivity against 17β-HSD2 but pronounced affinity to the estrogen receptors (ERs). On the other hand, the best amide-derivative 21 shows only medium 17β-HSD1 inhibitory activity at the target enzyme as well as fair selectivity against 17β-HSD2 and ERs. The compounds 6 and 21 can be regarded as first benzothiazole-type 17β-HSD1 inhibitors for the development of potential therapeutics.     

2006年第17届国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛(7)

理论试卷B 生态学(7题,12分) 为了解犰狳的食性,一个科研小组进行了一项植被调查,并比较犰狳粪便中的残留物. 43 科学家们在向日葵、玉米和天然草场中直线行进,他们每50 m取样1次,一个样方是1 m2,记录植被的种类、密度、覆盖情况和物候情况.以下哪种技术被用到了?