NADPH oxidase inhibition reduces tubular sodium transport and improves kidney oxygenation in diabetes

Sustained hyperglycemia is associated with increased oxidative stress resulting in decreased intrarenal oxygen tension (Po(2)) due to increased oxygen consumption (Qo(2)). Chronic blockade of the main superoxide radicals producing system, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, normalizes Qo(2) by isolated proximal tubular cells (PTC) and reduces proteinuria in diabetes. The aim was to investigate the effects of acute NADPH oxidase inhibition on tubular Na(+) transport and kidney Po(2) in vivo. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), filtration fraction (FF), Na(+) excretion, fractional Li(+) excretion, and intrarenal Po(2) was measured in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats during baseline and after acute NADPH oxidase inhibition using apocynin. The effects on tubular transporters were investigated using freshly isolated PTC. GFR was increased in diabetics compared with controls (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.1 ml·min(-1)·kidney(-1)). RBF was similar in both groups, resulting in increased FF in diabetics. Po(2) was reduced in cortex and medulla in diabetic kidneys compared with controls (34.4 ± 0.7 vs. 42.5 ± 1.2 mmHg and 15.7 ± 1.2 vs. 25.5 ± 2.3 mmHg, respectively). Na(+) excretion was increased in diabetics compared with controls (24.0 ± 4.7 vs. 9.0 ± 2.0 μm·min(-1)·kidney(-1)). In controls, all parameters were unaffected. However, apocynin increased Na(+) excretion (+112%) and decreased fractional lithium reabsorption (-10%) in diabetics, resulting in improved cortical (+14%) and medullary (+28%) Po(2). Qo(2) was higher in PTC isolated from diabetic rats compared with control. Apocynin, dimethylamiloride, and ouabain reduced Qo(2), but the effects of combining apocynin with either dimethylamiloride or ouabain were not additive. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase inhibition reduces tubular Na(+) transport and improves intrarenal Po(2) in diabetes.     

Carbon, nitrogen and caloric content of eggs, larvae, and juveniles of the walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma

Measurements of dry weight (wt), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and calories were made on walleye pollock eggs (0.24 mg, 35.3% C, 8.3% N, and 4.6 kcal g⁻¹ dry wt), larvae (0.16 g, 42.9% C, 11.1% N and 5.1 kcal g⁻¹ dry wt) and juveniles (22.4 g, 47.2% C, 9.0% N and 5.6 kcal g⁻¹ dry wt). For juvenile fish (9–360 g wet wt) the measured values were related to dry weight and Fulton's condition factor index (CFI) by regression models. The CFI was a better predictor of body composition than dry weight. As CFI improved from a minimum starvation level of 0.42 to a maximum of 1.16, body caloric content, percentage C, and the C/N ratio increased (kcal g⁻¹ dry wt = 4.4 CFI + 1.7, percentage carbon = 49.7 CFI^0.5, C/N ratio = 5.0 CFI + 0.9), while percentage N and percentage ash decreased (percentage N =−3.5 CFI + 12.1; percentage ash = 9.1 CFI^−1.4). The results of this study suggest that seasonal C, N and caloric content of young pollock can be estimated from measurements of Fulton's condition factor index.     

Optimization of growth and fatty acid composition of a unicellular marine picoplankton,Nannochloropsis sp., with enriched carbon sources

A unicellular marine picoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., was grown under CO₂-enriched photoautotrophic or/and acetate-added mixotrophic conditions. Photoautotrophic conditions with enriched CO₂ of 2800 l CO₂ l^–1 and aeration gave the highest biomass yield (634 mg dry wt l^–1), the highest total lipid content (9% of dry wt), total fatty acids (64 mg g^–1 dry wt), polyunsaturated fatty acids (35% total fatty acids) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:53) (16 mg g^–1 dry wt or 25% of total fatty acids). Mixotrophic cultures gave a greater protein content but less carbohydrates. Adding sodium acetate (2 mM) decreased the amounts of the total fatty acids and EPA. Elevation of CO₂ in photoautotrophic culture thus enhances growth and raises the production of EPA in Nannochloropsis sp.     

Life cycle, production, microdistribution and diet of the damselfly Euphaea decorata (Odonata: Euphaeidae) in a Hong Kong forest stream

Euphaea decorata in Tai Po Kau Forest Stream (Hong Kong) was univoltine. Most recruitment took place in summer, and larval growth proceeded throughout the year. Life-cycles recorded in 1977–78 and 1978–79 were similar. Annual production estimates, using the removal-summation, instantaneous growth and size-frequency methods, were more similar for the 1978–79 generation (ranging from 158.7–174.7; mean 1671 mg dry wt m^-2) than for the 1977–78 generation (93.9-173-6; mean 131.7 mg dry wt m^-2). Mean biomass was similar for both generations (ranging from 33.5–33.9 mg dry wt m^-2), and mean P/B ratios were 3.9 1977–78) and 5.0 (1978–79). These are the first estimates of annual production by an Oriental stream insect.
Larvae were most abundant at microsites in the middle of the stream. Multiple regression analysis indicated that substratum characteristics were a major determinant of microdistribution. Euphaea decorata apparently favoured poorly-sorted sediments with highly peaked grain size-frequency distributions, containing few fine particles.
The carnivorous larvae showed ontogenetic changes in diet. Small individuals consumed mainly chironomid (Diptera) larvae; the diet expanded to include (successively) larvae of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera as E. decorata grew. Seasonal changes in diet were also apparent, although larval diets during spring and summer were similar. There was also considerable overlap between autumn and winter diets. Ontogenetic influences upon prey consumed were not sufficient to account for the observed seasonal differences.     

Comparison of fermentation reactions in different regions of the human colon.

Colonic contents were obtained from two human sudden-death victims within 3 h of death. One of the subjects (1) was methanogenic, the other (2) was a non-CH4 producer. Measurements of bacterial fermentation products showed that in both individuals short-chain fatty acids, lactate and ethanol concentrations were highest in the caecum and ascending colon. In contrast, products of protein fermentation, such as ammonia, branched chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds, progressively increased from the right to the left colon, as did the pH of gut contents. In Subject 1, cell population densities of methanogenic bacteria (MB) increased distally through the gut and methanogenic activity was lower in the right (0.78-1.18 mumol CH4 produced/h/g dry wt contents) than in the left colon (1.34 mumol CH4 produced/h/g dry wt contents). Methane production rates did not correlate with MB numbers. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were not found and dissimilatory sulphate reduction was not detected in any region of the colon. Methanogenic bacteria did not occur in subject 2, but high numbers of SRB were present throughout the gut (ca 10(9)/g dry wt contents). Sulphate reduction rates were maximal in the ascending and transverse colons (0.24 and 0.22 mumol 35SO4(2-) reduced/h/g dry wt contents, respectively). Short-chain fatty acid production by caecal contents was up to eight-fold higher than contents from the sigmoid/rectum. These findings demonstrate significant differences in fermentation reactions in different regions of the large gut.     

Microvascular oxygen delivery and consumption following treatment with verapamil

The microvascular distribution of oxygen was studied in the arterioles and venules of the awake hamster window chamber preparation to determine the contribution of vascular smooth muscle relaxation to oxygen consumption of the microvascular wall during verapamil-induced vasodilatation. Verapamil HCl delivered in a 0.1 mg/kg bolus injection followed by a continuous infusion of 0.01 mg.kg(-1).min(-1) caused significant arteriolar dilatation, increased microvascular flow and functional capillary density, and decreased arteriolar vessel wall transmural Po(2) difference. Verapamil caused tissue Po(2) to increase from 25.5 +/- 4.1 mmHg under control condition to 32.0 +/- 3.7 mmHg during verapamil treatment. Total oxygen released by the microcirculation to the tissue remained the same as at baseline. Maintenance of the same level of oxygen release to the tissue, increased tissue Po(2), and decreased wall oxygen concentration gradient are compatible if vasodilatation significantly lowers vessel wall oxygen consumption, which in this model appears to constitute an important oxygen-consuming compartment. These findings show that treatment with verapamil, which increases oxygen supply through vasodilatation, may further improve tissue oxygenation by lowering oxygen consumption of the microcirculation.     

Comparison of fermentation reactions in different regions of the human colon

Colonic contents were obtained from two human sudden-death victims within 3 h of death. One of the subjects (1) was methanogenic, the other (2) was a non-CH, producer. Measurements of bacterial fermentation products showed that in both individuals short-chain fatty acids, lactate and ethanol concentrations were highest in the caecum and ascending colon. In contrast, products of protein fermentation, such as ammonia, branched chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds, progressively increased from the right to the left colon, as did the pH of gut contents. In Subject 1, cell population densities of methanogenic bacteria (MB) increased distally through the gut and methanogenic activity was lower in the right (0.78–1–18 μmol CH₄ produced/h/g dry wt contents) than in the left colon (1.34 μmol CH₄ produced/h/g dry wt contents). Methane production rates did not correlate with MB numbers.
Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were not found and dissimilatory sulphate reduction was not detected in any region of the colon. Methanogenic bacteria did not occur in subject 2, but high numbers of SRB were present throughout the gut ( ca 10⁹/g dry wt contents). Sulphate reduction rates were maximal in the ascending and transverse colons (0.24 and 0.22 μmol ³⁵SO^2–₄ reduced/h/g dry wt contents, respectively). Short-chain fatty acid production by caecal contents was up to eight-fold higher than contents from the sigmoid/rectum. These findings demonstrate significant differences in fermentation reactions in different regions of the large gut.     

O(2) affinity of cross-linked hemoglobins modifies O(2) metabolism in proximal tubules.

Previous experiments using cross-linked tetrameric hemoglobins (XLHb) to perfuse isolated rat kidneys showed that high-O2-affinity XLHb improved proximal tubule function more effectively than low-O2-affinity XLHb. To determine how function was improved, proximal tubule fragments were incubated with albumin, Hb34 [half-saturation point (P50) 34 Torr], or Hb13 (P50 13 Torr) with Po2 values ranging from 22 to 147 Torr. ATP content reflected O2 delivery to mitochondria. Both XLHb increased ATP, Hb34 with Po2 >or= 47 Torr and Hb13 with Po2 相似文献   

Biochemical composition of ctenophores

The biochemical composition of three species of North Sea ctenophores, the beroid Beroe gracilis (Künne), the tentaculate Pleurobrachia pileus (Fabricius) and the lobate Bolinopsis infundibulum (Müller), was analysed in terms of total fractions of protein, lipid, ninhydrin-positive substances (NFS), polysaccharides (PS), and low molecular-weight carbohydrates (LMC). The sum of these biochemical fractions was highest in Beroe (128 mg/g dry wt) and much lower in Pleurobrachia (61 mg/g dry wt) and Bolinopsis (27 mg/g dry wt). Beroe shows higher ratios of NPS/protein and LMC/PS than either of the other species. These findings are explained by differences in the morphology and metabolism of the species.In a 3-wk starvation experiment, Pleurobrachia lost ≈65% of its body mass and ≈80% of its organic content after 14 days at 15°C. However, after 10 days, the biochemical composition of the body tissue changed only slightly indicating that all components of body tissue are consumed without any preference for a specific storage material. Therefore the biochemical composition does not necessarily reflect differences in the nutritional conditions of the ctenophores the field.     

太行山低山丘陵区人工林表层土壤有机碳和全氮分布特征

为了探讨太行山低山丘陵区林型和坡位对表层土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)含量的影响,本试验研究了侧柏、栓皮栎人工林和撂荒地(对照)表层(0~20 cm)土壤SOC和TN含量的分布特征.结果表明: 同一林型或坡位条件下,土壤SOC和TN含量均呈现随着土层的加深逐渐下降的趋势.不同坡位条件下,表层土壤SOC和TN含量在有林地(栓皮栎、侧柏)均呈现坡上>坡中>坡下的趋势,在撂荒地则呈现坡下>坡上>坡中的趋势.不同林型条件下,坡上、坡中SOC和TN含量整体呈现栓皮栎人工林>侧柏人工林>撂荒地的趋势,坡下SOC和TN含量整体呈现出撂荒地最大的趋势.C/N值在上坡位和中坡位呈现出栓皮栎人工林>侧柏人工林>撂荒地的趋势,在下坡位呈现出栓皮栎人工林>撂荒地>侧柏人工林的趋势;同一林型条件下,不同坡位C/N存在差异,但不显著.表明太行山低山丘陵区栓皮栎人工林的适应性最强.     

Respiratory and acid-base physiology of the purple sea urchin,Strongylocentrotus purpuratus,during air exposure: presence and function of a facultative lung

Upon exposure to air (emersion), the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus releases an "emersion fluid" from its esophagus. Release of this fluid causes air to appear within the test (or calcareous theca), most likely inside the intestine. The air space is large, occupying 33.5% of the volume of the intrathecal space. The intestine containing air forms a facultative lung and contributes to the oxygenation of the perivisceral coelomic fluid (PCF) during emersion. During emersion, the mean partial pressure of oxygen (PO(2)) of the PCF declined from 56 to 24 torr (1 torr = 0.1333 kPa) after 2 h, remained relatively unchanged after 4 h, and rose to 39 torr after 8 h. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)) rose from 2.6 to 3.8 torr after 2 h, remained unchanged after 4 h, and declined to 2.7 after 8 h. Due to the elevation of PCO(2) PCF pH declined from 7.41 to 7.17. PCF osmotic concentration, calcium ion concentration, chloride ion concentration, ammonium ion concentration, and protein concentration were unchanged by air exposure. Lactate levels in the PCF were undetectable. S. purpuratus was an osmoconformer and a chloride ion conformer at salinities down to 20.9 ppt. Below this salinity, the sea urchins died. The respiratory acidosis resulting from air exposure was uncompensated, supporting the hypothesis that compensation for a respiratory acidosis induced by air exposure does not occur in organisms that are unable to regulate ions in a dilute environment. We suggest that the facultative lung ensures a minimal PO(2) in the PCF, which may be especially important when the intrathecal space is full of ripe gonads, allowing the gonads to be more reliant on aerobic metabolism.     

High-cell-density cultivation of Schizochytrium sp. in an ammonium/pH-auxostat fed-batch system

Thraustochytrids, in particular Schizochytrium spp., are used for the production of the valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3). Growth of Schizochytrium sp. G13/2S in a defined medium was initially made in shake-flask cultures to determine the optimum concentrations of glucose (100-200 g l(-1)) and ammonia ( approximately 300 mg l(-1)) that could be used by this microorganism. In subsequent fermenter cultures, a pH-auxostat method was used to maintain NH(3) from 200-300 mg l(-1). During the first 49 h of fermentation, 150 g glucose l(-1) produced 63 g cell dry wt l(-1). Although growth was not limited by the supply of nitrogen, total fatty acids were at 25% cell dry wt which is more than half the final lipid content of commercially-grown Schizochytrium biomass which uses N-limited medium in the final stages for maximum lipid accumulation. This strategy is therefore useful for the cultivation of Schizochytrium to a high cell density up to the point when lipid accumulation can be triggered by N exhaustion.     

Inhibition by colchicine of phospholipid secretion induced by lung distension

The effect of colchicine, a microtubule disruptor, on phospholipid secretion stimulated by distension of fetal rabbit lungs was investigated. After colchicine injection and breathing for 45 min, pups were killed and their lungs were lavaged with colchicine. Controls were injected and lavaged with saline. All lungs were given static air inflation and a final lavage, and the returns were analyzed for phospholipid DNA, and lactate dehydrogenase. The first lavage after breathing yielded 33% less phospholipid with colchicine, 3.83 compared with 5.72 mg/g dry lung wt (P less than 0.05). The postinflation phospholipid yield was also significantly reduced with colchicine from 1.04 to 0.70 mg/g dry lung wt (P less than 0.05). The postinflation DNA was significantly reduced with colchicine, from 1.26 to 0.44 micrograms (P less than 0.01), suggesting reduced alveolar macrophages. Colchicine did not change the recovery by lavage of exogenous radioactive phospholipid. As reflected by ATP and lactate levels, tissue metabolism was well maintained. The results are interpreted to mean that colchicine reduced simultaneously lavage-associated phospholipid secretion, inflation-produced phospholipid secretion, and macrophage migration.     

Energetics of Plant Growth Under Anoxia: Metabolic Adaptations of Oryza sativa and Echinochloa phyllopogon

Unlike most plant species, Oryza sativa L. cv. S-201 and Echinochloaphyllopogon (Stev.) Koss germinate and grow under anaerobicconditions. In both species, the radicle or shoot emerged byday 3 when the seeds were germinated in air or N₂. Under eithercondition, shoot and/or root dry weight (d. wt) increased linearlyfrom day 3 to day 7, with a corresponding decrease in seed d.wt. In anaerobically grown O. sativa, d. wt accumulation wasreduced to 7% of that in air whereas d. wt lost from the seedwas reduced to only 37%. No root growth occurred during anaerobicgermination and shoot d. wt accumulation accounted for 10% ofthe d. wt lost from the seed. In E. phyllopogon, d. wt accumulationduring anoxia was 25% of that in air, but loss of d. wt fromthe seed was 44% of the aerobic rate. In air, 48% of the d.wt lost from the seed was converted to shoot or root d. wt.Like O. sativa, E. phyllopogon does not produce a root underN₂, but shoot growth accounted for 27% of the d. wt lost fromthe seed. Thus, either in air or N₂, E. phyllopogon was moreefficient at converting seed reserves to shoot/root structuraldry matter than O. sativa . Based on changes in metabolite pools,O. sativa appeared to shift exclusively to fermentation duringanaerobic growth. In E. phyllopogon, however, fermentation alonecannot satisfy the energy requirement for growth without O₂.Rather, fermentation, coupled with limited tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle operation could supply sufficient ATP for growthunder anaerobic conditions. An active oxidative pentose phosphatepathway and lipid synthesis were discussed as important mechanismsfor converting NADH to NAD, a necessary cofactor for fermentationand TCA cycle activity.Copyright 1994, 1999 Academic Press Anaerobiosis, Echinochloa phyllopogon, energetics model, fermentation, mitochondrial activity, Oryza sativa, rice, tricarboxylic acid cycle, watergrass     

Force deficit of vascularized skeletal muscle grafts in rabbits

Through autografting experiments on 9-g rectus femoris (RFM) muscles in rabbits, we substantiated a previous observation that the maximum isometric tetanic force (Po) and specific Po (N/cm2) of neurovascular-intact grafts are not different from grafts made with neurovascular repair. We then tested the hypotheses that the specific Po of vascularized grafts is significantly less than that of control RFM muscles and the deficit in the specific Po is associated with increases in connective tissue and interstitial space. The specific Po of the grafts was 65% of the value for control RFM muscles. Connective tissue protein concentration of grafts was 3.8 times greater than the control value of 16.6 +/- 3 micrograms/mg wet mass, but this only accounted for a 5% correction in specific Po. The volume of interstitial space did not differ between grafts and control muscles. We conclude that the deficit of 35% in specific Po of vascularized grafts compared with control values is partially explained by an increase in connective tissue, but a 30% unresolved deficit remains.     

Trehalose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic fermentation

Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulated intracellular trehalose up to 105 mg/g cell dry wt with 90% survival. Viability could be correlated to trehalose levels during ethanol fermentation albeit the disaccharide did not seem to contribute to fermentation yields. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase showed high activity (up to 279 mu/mg protein) even at high residual sucrose concentration (115 g/l) in the wort suggesting to be a response of yeast cells to the osmotic stress conditions.     

Glucose fermentation by Propionibacterium microaerophilum: effect of pH on metabolism and bioenergetic

pH affected significantly the growth and the glucose fermentation pattern of Propionibacterium microaerophilum. In neutral conditions (pH 6.5-7.5), growth and glucose fermentation rate (qs) were optimum producing propionate, acetate, CO(2), and formate [which together represented 90% (wt/wt) of the end products], and lactate representing only 10% (wt/wt) of the end products. In acidic conditions, propionate, acetate, and CO(2) represented nearly 100% (wt/wt) of the fermentation end products, whereas in alkaline conditions, a shift of glucose catabolism toward formate and lactate was observed, lactate representing 50% (wt/wt) of the fermentation end products. The energy cellular yields ( Y(X/ATP)), calculated (i) by taking into account extra ATP synthesized through the reduction of fumarate into succinate, was 6.1-7.2 g mol(-1). When this extra ATP was omitted, it was 11.9-13.1 g mol(-1). The comparison of these values with those of Y(X/ATP) in P. acidipropionici and other anaerobic bacteria suggested that P. microaerophilum could not synthesize ATP through the reduction of fumarate into succinate and therefore differed metabolically from P. acidipropionici.     

Anaerobic thermophilic fermentation for carboxylic acid production from in-storage air-lime-treated sugarcane bagasse

Wet storage and in situ lime pretreatment (50 °C, 1-atm air, 56 days, excess lime loading of 0.3 g Ca(OH)₂/g dry biomass) of sugarcane bagasse (4,000 g dry weight) was performed in a bench-scale pile pretreatment system. Under thermophilic conditions (55 °C, NH₄HCO₃ buffer, methane inhibitors), air-lime-treated bagasse (80 wt.%) and chicken manure (20 wt.%) were anaerobically co-digested in 1-L rotary fermentors by a mixed culture of marine microorganisms (Galveston, TX). During four-stage countercurrent fermentation, the resulting carboxylic acids consisted of primarily acetate (average 87.7 wt.%) and butyrate (average 9.0 wt.%). The experimental fermentation trains had the highest yield (0.47 g total acids/g volatile solids (VS) fed) and highest selectivity (0.79 g total acids/g VS digested) at a total acid concentration of 28.3 g/L, which is equivalent to an ethanol yield of 105.2 gal/(tonne VS fed). Both high total acid concentrations (>44.7 g/L) and high substrate conversions (>77.5%) are predicted for countercurrent fermentations of bagasse at commercial scale, allowing for an efficient conversion of air-lime-treated biomass to liquid transportation fuels and chemicals via the carboxylate platform.     

Oxyconformity in the intertidal worm Sipunculus nudus: the mitochondrial background and energetic consequences

The energetic consequences of strict oxyconformity in the intertidal worm S. nudus were studied by characterizing the Po2 dependence of respiration in mitochondria isolated from the body wall tissue. Mitochondrial respiration rose in a Po2 range between 2.8 and 31.3 kPa from a mean of 56.5 to 223.9 nmol O mg protein(-1) h(-1). Respiration was sensitive to both salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and KCN. Po2 dependence remained unchanged with saturating and non-saturating substrate levels (malate, glutamate and ADP). A concomitant decrease of the ATP/O ratio revealed a lower ATP yield of aerobic metabolism at elevated Po2. Obviously, oxyconforming respiration implies progressive uncoupling of mitochondria. The decrease in ATP/O ratios at higher Po2 was completely reversible. Addition of 90.9 micromol H2O2 l(-1) did not inhibit ATP synthesis. Both observations suggest that oxidative injury did not contribute to oxyconformity. The contribution of the rates of mitochondrial ROS production and proton leakiness to mitochondrial oxygen consumption and uncoupling was investigated by using oligomycin as a specific inhibitor of the ATP synthase. The maximum contribution of oligomycin independent respiration to state 3 respiration remained below 6% and showed a minor, insignificant increase at elevated Po2, at a slope significantly lower than the increment of state 3 respiration. Therefore, Po2 dependent mitochondrial proton leakage or ROS production cannot explain oxyconformity. In conclusion Po2 dependent state 3 respiration likely relates to the progressive contribution of an alternative oxidase (cytochrome o), which is characterized by a low affinity to oxygen and an ATP/O ratio similar to the branched respiratory system of bacteria. The molecular nature of the alternative oxidase in lower invertebrates is still obscure.     

Enhanced production of phytoestrogenic isoflavones from hairy root cultures of Psoralea corylifolia L. Using elicitation and precursor feeding

The effect of biotic elicitors (yeast extract, chitosan), signaling molecule (salicylic acid), and polyamines (putrescine and spermidine) was studied with respect to isoflavones accumulation in hairy root cultures of Psoralea corylifolia L. Untreated hairy roots (control) accumulated 1.55% dry wt of daidzein and 0.19% dry wt of genistein. In precursor feeding experiment, phenylalanine at 2 mM concentration led to 1.3 fold higher production of daidzein (1.91% dry wt) and genistein (0.27% dry wt). In biotic elicitors, chitosan (2 mg/L) was found to be the most efficient elicitor to induce daidzein (2.78% dry wt) and genistein (0.279% dry wt) levels in hairy roots. Salicylic acid at 1 mM concentration stimulated the maximum accumulation of daidzein (2.2% dry wt) and genistein (0.228% dry wt) 2 days after elicitation. In case of polyamines, putrescine (50 mM) resulted in highest accumulation of daidzein (3.01% dry wt) and genistein (0.227% dry wt) after 5 days of addition. Present results indicated the effectiveness of elicitation and precursor feeding on isoflavones accumulation in hairy roots of P. corylifolia. This is the first report of elicitation on isoflavones production by hairy roots of P. corylifolia.