现代生物技术在食品工业中的应用

介绍了以基因工程为核心内容,包括细胞工程、酶工程和发酵工程的现代生物技术在改造食品资源、改进食品加工工艺,改善食品质量及开发新型保健食品等方面的应用状况,并展望了其发展前景。     

简述当前生物技术在医学上的应用

简述当前生物技术在医学上的应用张翠霞,田浩（辽宁省微生物研究所,朝阳１２２００。）以基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶工程为主体的生物技术,作为当今世界科学技术活动和社会经济发展最为活跃和最有前途的高技术之一,在医学上的应用及发展已取得卓著成效。生物技...     

农业生物技术研究进展

<正> 生物技术,又称生物工程,是利用生物学过程进行工业、农业、医药及其它行业生产的一门科学技术,它是生物科学最新成就与工程技术相结合的产物。一般认为,它包括基因工程(DNA重组)、细胞工程(杂交瘤技术、植物细胞、组织培养和体细胞杂交)、酶工程(利用酶将一种物质转化为另一种物质)和发酵工程(利用微生物将各种原料转化为不同的产品)等四个方面。生物技术自七十年代崛起以来,发展非常迅速,现已成为新技术革命的重要组成部分。国外学者预言,生物技术对人类今后的经济和生产活动将产生重大影响,在农业上将导致一     

植物生物技术讲座（三）：——植物基因工程

植物生物技术讲座（三）──植物基因工程秦明波（北京师范大学生物学系１００８７５）云月（北京植物细胞工程实验室１０００８１）生物技术的最终目标,是按照人类的既定目标和愿望,改造现有生物．或者使之具有新的抗逆性如抗病、抗虫、抗盐、抗旱等待性,或者改变其品...     

现代医药生物技术的现状与展望

现代医药生物技术的现状与展望陈敏刚（卫生部成都生物制品研究所，成都６１００６３）分类号Ｒ０１传统医药生物技术的发展服务于人类疾病的防治和诊断，迄今对人类健康保障起着巨大的作用。但随着科学技术的发展，人类健康的迫切要求以及资源的短缺，有许多传统生物技术...     

饲料生物技术研究进展及发展趋势

应用生物工程技术,提高饲料工业的技术水平和企业的生产水平,符合经济全球化和竞争国际化发展战略及对策的需求。综述了利用基因工程、发酵工程等高科技手段在酶制剂、维生素、益生菌和益生元等高效饲料添加剂上的研究进展情况,以及饲料生物技术未来的几个重点发展方向 。     

食品生物技术相关专利分析

随着生物技术在食品工业应用日益深入,以基因工程为先导,以发酵工程、酶工程技术为核心．包括蛋白质工程和生物分离工程在内的食品生物技术已成为提升我国食品工业技术含量、参与市场竞争的重要核心技术。本文以Derwent Innovation Index（DⅡ）数据库和Aureka数据库为基础,对上游（基因工程）、中游（发酵工程、酶工程与蛋白质工程）、下游（生物分离工程、食品安全检测）食品生物技术相关专利进行研究分析。     

生物技术在农业上的应用

生物技术在农业上的应用张翠霞（辽宁省微生物研究所,朝阳１２２０００）作为世界科技前沿领域之一的生物技术,近年来发展十分迅猛,在医药、农业、轻工、食品等方面都取得了令人瞩目的成就,并显示出极其广阔的发展前景,本文只就生物技术在农业上的应用作以简要介绍。...     

生物技术在芸苔属油料作物中的应用

芸苔属作物的可塑性已经被人类应用于杂交育种和筛选新品种 ,从而创造了一系列新品种。其中两个最主要的类型就是芸苔属油料作物和芸苔属蔬菜作物。大多数的生物技术已被应用于芸苔属油料作物中 ,现对生物技术在芸苔属油料作物中的进展作一个详述。     

生物技术在花卉植物遗传育种上的应用

生物技术的发展为花卉植物种质资源的研究、创新及新品种培育提供了更多的途径。该文对花卉植 物的离体保存、分子标记及细胞工程、基因工程在花卉植物种质创新方面的研究进展及取得的成果进行了综 述,并对存在的问题及今后的发展方向进行了探讨,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

生物技术在重症急性呼吸综合征防治中的应用前景

同重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的斗争是全世界所面临的紧迫任务,而人类最终战胜SARS则必须依靠科学技术。现代生物技术在SARS病原体的发现过程中已经起到了举足轻重的作用,本就生物信息学、生物学诊断检测技术、疫苗技术、抗体技术、反义技术和RNA干扰以及生物技术药物在SARS防治中的应用前景作一简要介绍。     

Plant biotechnology in agriculture

Knowledge on plant genomes has progressed during the past few years. Two plant genomes, those of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, have been sequenced. Our present knowledge of synteny also indicates that, despite plasticity contributing to the diversity of the plant genomes, the organization of genes is conserved within large sections of chromosomes. In parallel, novel plant transformation systems have been proposed, notably with regard to plastid transformation and the removal of selectable marker genes in transgenic plants. Furthermore, a number of recent works considerably widen the potential of plant biotechnology.     

工业生物技术的前沿科技

随着石化资源逐步消耗,气候问题日益凸显,工业生物技术被认为是解决能源和资源供给、应对气候变化、实现绿色可持续发展的重要方向。得益于理论突破、技术变革和学科交叉,工业生物技术主要经历了由生命科学突破性成就、多学科技术理念交汇融合和产业应用导向推动的3个阶段。本文回顾总结了工业生物技术的发展历程及近年来取得的重要突破,并展望了其未来发展方向。     

Applications of cyanobacteria in biotechnology

Cyanobacteria have gained a lot of attention in recent years because of their potential applications in biotechnology. We present an overview of the literature describing the uses of cyanobacteria in industry and services sectors and provide an outlook on the challenges and future prospects of the field of cyanobacterial biotechnology. Cyanobacteria have been identified as a rich source of biologically active compounds with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Several strains of cyanobacteria were found to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates, which can be used as a substitute for nonbiodegradable petrochemical-based plastics. Recent studies showed that oil-polluted sites are rich in cyanobacterial consortia capable of degrading oil components. Cyanobacteria within these consortia facilitated the degradation processes by providing the associated oil-degrading bacteria with the necessary oxygen, organics and fixed nitrogen. Cyanobacterial hydrogen has been considered as a very promising source of alternative energy, and has now been made commercially available. In addition to these applications, cyanobacteria are also used in aquaculture, wastewater treatment, food, fertilizers, production of secondary metabolites including exopolysaccharides, vitamins, toxins, enzymes and pharmaceuticals. Future research should focus on isolating new cyanobacterial strains producing high value products and genetically modifying existing strains to ensure maximum production of the desired products. Metagenomic libraries should be constructed to discover new functional genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of biotechnological relevant compounds. Large-scale industrial production of the cyanobacterial products requires optimization of incubation conditions and fermenter designs in order to increase productivity.     

Life sciences and biotechnology in China

Life science and biotechnology have become a top priority in research and development in many countries as the world marches into the new century. China as a developing country with a 1.3 billion population and booming economy is actively meeting the challenge of a new era in this area of research. Owing to support from the government and the scientific community, and reform to improve the infrastructure, recent years have witnessed a rapid progress in some important fields of life science and biotechnology in China, such as genomics and protein sciences, neuroscience, systematics, super-hybrid rice research, stem cell and cloning technology, gene therapy and drug/vaccine development. The planned expansion and development of innovation in related sectors and the area of bioethics are described and discussed.     

现代生物技术在中药发酵中的应用

发酵是中药炮制一个重要的方面,近年来关于运用现代生物技术来发酵中药的研究越来越多。本文阐述了现代中药发酵的意义、区别传统发酵的优势以及现阶段的发展概况。     

Dunaliella biotechnology: methods and applications

The microalga Dunaliella salina is the best commercial source of natural β-carotene. Additionally, different species of Dunaliella can accumulate significant amounts of valuable fine chemicals such as carotenoids, glycerol, lipids, vitamins, minerals and proteins. They also have a large potential for biotechnological processes such as expressing of foreign proteins and treatment of wastewater. In this review, we discussed several biotechnological aspects of the mass cultivation of D. salina like strain selection, carotenoid induction, culture conditions, culture systems and downstream processes. We also discuss several traditional and new applications of the genus.     

后基因组时代的工业生物技术

简述了工业生物技术的发展背景和意义,分析了基因组学和功能基因组学发展对工业生物技术的推动作用,重点介绍了本期专刊发表的代谢工程、发酵工程以及工业酶与生物催化领域的17篇论文。