西北野生大豆(Glycine soja)资源考察初报

2011-2015年和2017年配合实施科技部"西北干旱区抗逆农作物种质资源调查"项目对西北地区甘肃、宁夏、陕西及内蒙古东部等部分县市(区、农场)进行了野生大豆的搜集考察。搜集54个县市(区、旗)、134个乡镇(场)、173个村(点),222份资源(220个居群)。搜集资源海拔范围在332~1623 m,约70%资源分布在海拔1000 m以上。鉴定出高耐旱资源2个居群15株; 13544个单株Kunitz蛋白质电泳结果显示,83. 90%的频率是Tia类型,16. 69%的频率是Tib类型,发现两个新的变异体Til和Tim型,并识别出1个稀有的Tiab1类型。测序确认至少15. 76%Tib类型是Tibi7等位基因; Til型是Tibi7等位基因第57号的异亮氨酸(Ile)突变为缬氨酸(Val),Tim型是Tiab1型第159号的精氨酸(Arg)突变为色氨酸(Trp)和第169号遗传密码发生一个无义碱基突变(TTA→CTA)。调查显示,α组皂角苷成分普遍存在于中国野生大豆,而我国西北陕甘的大豆含有高比率的α组皂角苷成分品种。目前只有在中国大豆发现有α组皂角苷成分,从化学成分地理分布的角度我们提出栽培大豆最早驯化地在我国渭河流域的可能性。     

Glycine—SDS—PAGE测定小分子多肽分子量

小分子多肽分子量的测定 ,目前多采用Ｔｒｉｃｉｎｅ -ＳＤＳ -ＰＡＧＥ系统[1～ 3 ] ,但系统中的Ｔｒｉｃｉｎｅ价格昂贵 ,加之电泳时间较长 ( 3～ 4ｈ) ,为此 ,作者经过实验摸索 ,建立了Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ -ＳＤＳ -ＰＡＧＥ测定小分子多肽的方法。1　材料和方法表 1　制胶配方成分分离胶 (ｍｌ)浓缩胶 (ｍｌ)分离胶单体母液 1 3 3 -浓缩胶单体母液 -0 23 2ｍｏｌ/ＬＴｒｉｓ-ＨＣｌ 1 3 3 -(ｐＨ8 8)0 5ｍｏｌ/ＬＴｒｉｓ-ＨＣｌ -0 3 8(ｐＨ6 8)尿素 1 44ｇ -Ｈ2 Ｏ 0 40 910 %ＳＤＳ 40 μｌ 15 μｌ10 %ＡＰＳ 2 5 μｌ 12 μｌＴ…     

耐盐野生大豆(Glycine soja)的光周期效应

以原产山东东营的耐盐野生大豆为材料 ,观察了不同日长和不同光周期数处理对植株开花时间、数量、结荚率、鼓粒率以及生长和光合速率的影响 :(1)短日照处理促进野生大豆开花 ,其开花临界日长是 13h ;(2 )在 8h日长处理条件下野生大豆开花所需最小光周期数是 10个 ,且随着处理光周期数的增加 ,促进开花和开花后发育的效应有逐步增强的趋势 ,不足的光周期数处理可以引起成花逆转现象 ;(3)经短日处理的野生大豆植株生长减慢、光合速率降低 ,且随着日长缩短 ,生长和光合速率的下降程度增加     

Ligand-specific Conformational Changes in the ��1 Glycine Receptor Ligand-binding Domain

Understanding the activation mechanism of Cys loop ion channel receptors is key to understanding their physiological and pharmacological properties under normal and pathological conditions. The ligand-binding domains of these receptors comprise inner and outer β-sheets and structural studies indicate that channel opening is accompanied by conformational rearrangements in both β-sheets. In an attempt to resolve ligand-dependent movements in the ligand-binding domain, we employed voltage-clamp fluorometry on α1 glycine receptors to compare changes mediated by the agonist, glycine, and by the antagonist, strychnine. Voltage-clamp fluorometry involves labeling introduced cysteines with environmentally sensitive fluorophores and inferring structural rearrangements from ligand-induced fluorescence changes. In the inner β-sheet, we labeled residues in loop 2 and in binding domain loops D and E. At each position, strychnine and glycine induced distinct maximal fluorescence responses. The pre-M1 domain responded similarly; at each of four labeled positions glycine produced a strong fluorescence signal, whereas strychnine did not. This suggests that glycine induces conformational changes in the inner β-sheet and pre-M1 domain that may be important for activation, desensitization, or both. In contrast, most labeled residues in loops C and F yielded fluorescence changes identical in magnitude for glycine and strychnine. A notable exception was H201C in loop C. This labeled residue responded differently to glycine and strychnine, thus underlining the importance of loop C in ligand discrimination. These results provide an important step toward mapping the domains crucial for ligand discrimination in the ligand-binding domain of glycine receptors and possibly other Cys loop receptors.Glycine receptor (GlyR)3 chloride channels are pentameric Cys loop receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system (1, 2). This family also includes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), γ-aminobutyric acid type A and type C receptors, and serotonin type 3 receptors. Individual subunits comprise a large ligand-binding domain (LBD) and a transmembrane domain consisting of four α-helices (M1–M4). The LBD consists of a 10-strand β-sandwich made of an inner β-sheet with six strands and an outer β-sheet with four strands (3). The ligand-binding site is situated at the interface of adjacent subunits and is formed by loops A–C from one subunit and loops D–F from the neighboring subunit (3).The activation mechanism of Cys loop receptors is currently the subject of intense investigation because it is key to understanding receptor function under normal and pathological conditions (4, 5). Based on structural analysis of Torpedo nAChRs, Unwin and colleagues (6, 7) originally proposed that agonist binding induced the inner β-sheet to rotate, whereas the outer β-sheet tilted slightly upwards with loop C clasping around the agonist. These movements were thought to be transmitted to the transmembrane domain via a differential movement of loop 2 (β1-β2) and loop 7 (β6-β7) (both part of the inner β-sheet) and the pre-M1 domain (which is linked via a β-strand to the loop C in the outer sheet). The idea of large loop C movements accompanying agonist binding is supported by structural and functional data (3, 8–13). However, a direct link between loop C movements and channel gating has proved more difficult to establish. Although computational modeling studies have suggested that this loop may be a major component of the channel opening mechanism (14–18), experimental support for this model is not definitive. Similarly, loop F is also thought to move upon ligand binding, although there is as yet no consensus as to whether these changes represent local or global conformational changes (11, 19–21). Recently, a comparison of crystal structures of bacterial Cys loop receptors in the closed and open states revealed that although both the inner and outer β-sheets exhibit different conformations in closed and open states, the pre-M1 domain remains virtually stationary (22, 23). It is therefore relevant to question whether loop C, loop F, and pre-M1 movements are essential for Cys loop receptor activation.Strychnine is a classical competitive antagonist of GlyRs (24, 25), and to date there is no evidence that it can produce LBD structural changes. In this study we use voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) to compare glycine- and strychnine-induced conformational changes in the GlyR loops 2, C, D, E, and F and the pre-M1 domain in an attempt to determine whether they signal ligand-binding events, local conformational changes, or conformational changes associated with receptor activation.In a typical VCF experiment, a domain of interest is labeled with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, and current and fluorescence are monitored simultaneously during ligand application. VCF is ideally suited for identifying ligand-specific conformational changes because it can report on electrophysiologically silent conformational changes (26), such as those induced by antagonists. Indeed, VCF has recently provided valuable insights into the conformational rearrangements of various Cys loop receptors (19, 21, 27–33).     

Open-Channel Structures of the Human Glycine Receptor α1 Full-Length Transmembrane Domain

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Les éperons stipulaires de la Glycine (Wisteria sinensis Sweet)

Summary InWisteria sinensis, two little spurs are found under the deciduous stipules. They are vascularized by fairly complex bends of both lateral bundles, in much the same way as the dorsal spur ofAsparagus leafscale is by the median.     

野大豆(Glycine soja)叶绿体的光谱及其激子能量转移

野大豆叶绿体在低温(77K)时出现三条荧光发射谱带,它们来源于不同的色素蛋白复合体。 在纳秒脉冲激光激发下,捕光天线色素的相对荧光量子产额,随激光强度的增加有明显下降现象。用激子理论和动力学方程讨论和计算了激子扩散参量。指出激子转移是随机的,非相干的。     

野大豆(Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.)一新变种

命名发表了野大豆一新变种,即闭花野大豆Glycine soja Sieb.et Zucc.var.cleistogama C.S.Zhu et S.X.Zhu.     

野大豆（Glycine soya Sieb．et Zucc．）一新变种

命名发表了野大豆一新变种，即闭花野大豆Glycine soja Sieb．et Zucc．var．cleistogama C．S．Zhu et S．X．Zhu。     

Potassium Glutamate and Glycine Betaine Induce Self-Assembly of the PCNA and β-Sliding Clamps

Sliding clamps are oligomeric ring-shaped proteins that increase the efficiency of DNA replication. The stability of the Escherichia coli β-clamp, a homodimer, is particularly remarkable. The dissociation equilibrium constant of the β-clamp is of the order of 10 pM in buffers of moderate ionic strength. Coulombic electrostatic interactions have been shown to contribute to this remarkable stability. Increasing NaCl concentration in the assay buffer results in decreased dimer stability and faster subunit dissociation kinetics in a way consistent with simple charge-screening models. Here, we examine non-Coulombic ionic effects on the oligomerization properties of sliding clamps. We determined relative diffusion coefficients of two sliding clamps using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Replacing NaCl by KGlu, the primary cytoplasmic salt in E. coli, results in a decrease of the diffusion coefficient of these proteins consistent with the formation of protein assemblies. The UV-vis spectrum of the β-clamp labeled with tetramethylrhodamine shows the characteristic absorption band of dimers of rhodamine when KGlu is present in the buffer. This suggests that KGlu induces the formation of assemblies that involve two or more rings stacked face-to-face. Results can be quantitatively explained on the basis of unfavorable interactions between KGlu and the functional groups on the protein surface, which drive biomolecular processes that bury exposed surface. Similar results were obtained with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PCNA sliding clamp, suggesting that KGlu effects are not specific to the β-clamp. Clamp association is also promoted by glycine betaine, a zwitterionic compound that accumulates intracellularly when E. coli is exposed to high concentrations of extracellular solute. Possible biological implications are discussed.     

Archaeological Soybean (Glycine max) in East Asia: Does Size Matter?

The recently acquired archaeological record for soybean from Japan, China and Korea is shedding light on the context in which this important economic plant became associated with people and was domesticated. This paper examines archaeological (charred) soybean seed size variation to determine what insight can be gained from a comprehensive comparison of 949 specimens from 22 sites. Seed length alone appears to represent seed size change through time, although the length × width × thickness product has the potential to provide better size change resolution. A widespread early association of small seeded soybean is as old as 9000-8600 cal BP in northern China and 7000 cal BP in Japan. Direct AMS radiocarbon dates on charred soybean seeds indicate selection resulted in large seed sizes in Japan by 5000 cal BP (Middle Jomon) and in Korea by 3000 cal BP (Early Mumun). Soybean seeds recovered in China from the Shang through Han periods are similar in length to the large Korean and Japanese specimens, but the overall size of the large Middle and Late Jomon, Early Mumun through Three Kingdom seeds is significantly larger than any of the Chinese specimens. The archaeological record appears to disconfirm the hypothesis of a single domestication of soybean and supports the view informed by recent phyologenetic research that soybean was domesticated in several locations in East Asia.     

中国大豆(Glycine max)品种资源保存与更新状况分析

大豆在中国已有5000多年的栽培历史.至2000年底,中国已经保存国内外25144份栽培大豆资源,是世界上保存栽培大豆品种数量最多的国家.本文针对大豆品种资源在国家中期库保存的种子数量少、种子生活力差和特性鉴定内容有限的现状,提出更新与鉴定、研究和应用相结合的策略以及在保证种质安全性、品种特性和田间试验准确性方面采取必要的技术措施,以确保种质的安全更新.     

中国大豆（Glycine max）品种资源保存与更新状况分析

大豆在中国已有5000多年的栽培历史。至2000年底,中国已经保存国内外25144份栽培大豆资源,是世界上保存栽培大豆品种数量最多的国家。本文针对大豆品种资源在国家中期库保存的种子数量少、种子生活力差和特性鉴定内容有限的现状,提出更新与鉴定、研究和应用相结合的策略以及在保证种质安全性、品种特性和田间试验准确性方面采取必要的技术措施,以确保种质的安全更新。     

Chromosomal and isozyme studies of Nicotiana tabacum — Glycine max hybrid cell lines

Summary The chromosomal stability of a number of somatic hybrids derived from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi were investigated. Several of the hybrid cell lines retained more than half the complement of N. tabacum chromosomes after 7 months of culturing. A number of chromosomal abnormalities were observed. The hybrids were positively identified by employing isozyme analysis of several dehydrogenases and aspartate aminotransferase.NRCC No. 20130     

野生大豆（Glycine soja）酰脲含量与根瘤固氮活力的关系

野生大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｓｏｊａ）酰脲含量与根瘤固氮活力的关系朱长甫,苗以农,刘学军,许守民（东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春１３００２４）郑惠玉,徐豹（吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所,公主岭１３６１００）关键词：野生大豆,固氮活力,酰脲,蛋白质根据固氮豆...     

国家基因库野生大豆（Glycine soja）资源最近十年考察与研究

总结了国家种质库最近10年野生大豆搜集进展和研究概况。我国野生大豆资源在1979-1982年间搜集并保存在国家基因库的为5939份;1996-2000年搜集了600份;2001-2010最近10年补充搜集了全国17个省(市、区)、318个县(市、旗)、930个乡镇(农场)。其中新搜集县市178个,共收集典型野生大豆资源1979份,野生大豆收集样品新增资源33.3%。     

中国大豆(Glycine max)品种及种质资源主要品质状况分析

对2003年中国19个主要大豆种植省(直辖市、自治区)的大豆品种与种质资源的蛋白、脂肪含量和部分大豆品种水溶性蛋白含量进行了分析.结果表明,大豆种质资源的蛋白含量和蛋脂总量总体上与品种持平.品种脂肪含量总体上明显高于种质资源脂肪含量,说明当前中国种植的大豆中高脂肪的品种已经占有一定的比例. 北方、黄淮海、南方三大生态区大豆品种和种质资源蛋白含量呈现自北向南递增的趋势,而脂肪含量呈现递减趋势.生态、气象因子对大豆蛋白含量的影响大于对脂肪含量的影响.大豆水溶性蛋白含量总体上较高,基本适合豆制食品加工业的需要.     

渤海湾津唐沿海野生大豆(Glycine soja)种群高盐碱胁迫反应

以渤海湾津唐沿海地带895份野生大豆种群在高盐碱(3%)环境下的全生育期鉴定试验,分析不同种群(株系)的生长发育动态以及对盐碱土壤生态适应性的分化。结果表明,出苗阶段存在3种耐盐碱能力类型:耐高盐碱胁迫发芽出苗;耐低盐碱胁迫发芽出苗;盐胁迫不能发芽出苗。在高盐胁迫下营养生长早期阶段种群死亡率最高,中期以后相对降低,成熟期死亡率较低。种群植株形态建成和生殖生长受到高盐胁迫的强烈抑制,表现早期严重而后期较轻。植株和产量性状的受害程度由大到小依次为:单株的地上干物质重、单株产量、种子数、百粒重和收获指数。株系间变异系数从大到小依次为:单株产量、种子数、荚数、收获指数、地上干物质重、百粒重。研究揭示该地域种群内对盐碱土壤有很高的适应性分化,存在高耐盐碱生态型。     

Expression of recombinant human IFN-γ protein in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Globular androgenic haploid embryos of TV21 and TV19 cultivars of Camellia ssp., obtained on embryo induction medium (EIM), Murashige and Skoog medium...