Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP27 Protein： Its Expression, Purification and Specific Antiserum Production

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the causative agent of cold sores and other more serious diseases. HSV-1 infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is an immediate-early regulatory phosphoprotein homologous to gene products identified in all classes of herpesviruses so far. To raise the antiserum to ICP27 for further characterization of its biological function, the ICP27 gene was cloned into the pET-28a (+) vector, then ICP27 protein was expressed in E. Coli and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni2+-NTA) affinity resin column,finally the purified protein was used to raise antiserum. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the antiserum recognized the recombinant protein, and the antiserum was able to probe the ICP27 in HSV-1 infected cells with high specificity by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Therefore, the specific antiserum will provide a valuable tool for further studies investigating ICP27's biological function during HSV-1 infection.     

T Cell Receptor Signaling Pathways： New Targets for Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause global morbidity and synergistically correlate with HIV infection.HSV exists life-long in a latent form in sensory neurons with intermittent reactivation,in despite of host immune surveillance.While abundant evidence for HSV interfering with innate immune responses so as to favor the replication and propagation of the virus,several lines of evidence declare that HSV attenuates adaptive immunity by various mechanisms,including but not limited to the ablation of antigen presentation,induction of apoptosis,and interruption of cellular signaling.In this review,we will focus on the perturbative role of HSV in Tcells signaling.     

HSV-1立即早期蛋白ICP22与VP16共同参与α基因转录调控的初步分析

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（herpes simplex virus1,HSV-1）在宿主体内形成两种感染模式,不同感染模式的建立与病毒α基因的表达相关.作为病毒α基因表达产物之一的ICP22在病毒复制中发挥了多重作用,但其确切功能尚不清楚.实验利用氯霉素乙酰转移酶（chloram-phenicol acetyl transferase,CAT）报告系统发现ICP22非特异地抑制多种病毒或细胞启动子的转录启动作用,而且该抑制作用不受特定的病毒或细胞启动子上游调控元件影响.进一步的实验发现,HSV病毒蛋白VP16通过结合α4基因启动子上游特定元件解除ICP22对α4基因的转录抑制.这些结果提示,ICP22和VP16可能共同参与α基因的转录调控,从而建立HSV-1裂解性增殖或潜伏性感染.     

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒ICPO蛋白：病毒与细胞间相互作用的重要调控因子

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-1）的基因表达具有很高的时序性,按其先后顺序可以将病毒的基因分为立即早期基因、早期基因和晚期基因3类。其中立即早期基因的表达产物可以激活早期基因和晚期基因启动子。在5种立即早期基因产物[感染性细胞多肽O（infected cell polypetide O,ICPO）ICP4、ICP22、ICP27、ICP47]中,     

单纯疱疹病毒1型立即早期蛋白ICP22研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒1型(Herpes simplex virus 1,HSV-1)感染细胞蛋白22(Infected Cell Protein 22,ICP22)是Us1基因编码的一种翻译后修饰多功能蛋白,为HSV-1的五种立即早期蛋白之一。HSV-1 ICP22能与不同的细胞和病毒成分相互作用来执行不同的功能,包括改变RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(RNA polymeraseⅡ,RNAPⅡ/PolⅡ)的磷酸化状态、参与抵抗细胞对病毒复制的消极作用、引起细胞周期蛋白A和B水平降低、介导修饰拓扑异构酶Ⅱα、参与胞核内病毒诱导的分子伴侣富集(Virus-induced chaperone-enriched,VICE)区域的形成及促进病毒新生核衣壳的初次包装。这些作用大多与调节病毒在胞核中有效复制相关。此外,HSV-1 ICP22还在限制细胞中的病毒复制、病毒致病力和潜伏感染建立过程中发挥重要作用,但ICP22发挥这些作用的机制尚未知。本文就上述目前国内外对HSV ICP22的研究进展作一综述,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

MDV VP22的N1-18是发挥蛋白转导功能必需的序列

血清Ⅰ型马立克氏病病毒(MDV-1)CVI988/Rispens弱毒株的VP22蛋白缺失201TKSERT206.为了进一步证实该缺失对MDV-1 VP22蛋白转导功能和效率的影响,本研究通过将不同缺失型的VP22与EGFP相融合,转染COS-1细胞,通过间接免疫荧光方法,检测VP22的蛋白转导现象.结果发现,EGFP-VP22具有微管结合、核膜结合、核酸结合、蛋白转导等特性;CVI988 VP22与GA株VP22的转导效率相当,且只有完整长度的VP22具有明显的转导功能,其中,N端1～18 aa对VP22的核定位及其蛋白转导功能的发挥意义很大.这一发现为利用MDV-1 VP22携带其他目的蛋白转导,增强目的蛋白免疫原性及其治疗性功能具有重要的指导价值.     

溶瘤I型单纯疱疹病毒的研究进展

溶瘤病毒(Oncolytic virus,OV)是可以靶向感染并杀伤肿瘤细胞的一类病毒,其中溶瘤I型单纯疱疹病毒(Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1,OHSV-1)是目前研究最多的溶瘤病毒之一,可通过多种策略进行构建,已有多种OHSV-1进入临床试验,大量结果显示其具有较好的安全性和有效性。本文主要介绍OHSV-1的分子生物学特性与优势、主要的开发及靶向性策略、各类OHSV-1的研究进展以及目前存在的问题等。     

Intercellular trafficking of herpes simplex virus type 2 UL14 deletion mutant proteins

The UL14 gene product of herpes simplex virus is a 32kDa protein expressed late in infection and is a minor component of the virion tegument. We recently showed that the wild-type UL14 protein has heat shock protein (HSP)-like and/or molecular chaperone-like functions. In this study, the intracellular localization of UL14 wild-type and deletion mutant proteins was examined in transfected cells by immunofluorescence. We found that N-terminus deleted but not wild-type/C-terminus deleted mutant proteins showed a significant number of cytoplasmic, multi-cellular stains in transfected Vero cells. The effect was greatly intensified by subjecting cells to heat shock at 43 degrees C, whereas it was obstructed by treatment with the microfilament-disrupting drug cytochalasin D. The staining patterns of UL14 antigen-positive cells after heat shock suggested a cell-to-cell spread of the protein. Although the mechanism is unclear, the phenomenon seems to be an unprecedented type of intercellular trafficking.     

Leishmania major: Protective capacity of DNA vaccine using amastin fused to HSV-1 VP22 and EGFP in BALB/c mice model

An intercellular spreading strategy using herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) VP22 protein is employed to enhance DNA vaccine potency of Leishmania major amastin antigen in BALB/c mice model. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of plasmid DNA vaccines encoding amastin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and VP22-amastin-EGFP. Optimal cell-mediated immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice immunized with VP22-amastin-EGFP as assessed by cytokine gene expression analysis using real time RT-PCR. Vaccination with the VP22-amastin-EGFP fusion construct elicited significantly higher IFN-gamma response upon antigen stimulation of splenocytes from immunized mice compared to amastin as a sole antigen. Mice immunized by VP22-amastin-EGFP showed partial protection following infectious challenge with L. major, as measured by parasite load in spleens. These results suggest that the development of DNA vaccines encoding VP22 fused to a target Leishmania antigen would be a promising strategy to improve immunogenicity and DNA vaccine potency.