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1.
A higher inoculum size of β-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae is reported to increase minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for β-lactams. However, the effect of inoculum size of β-lactamase-negative,
ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae (BLNAR) on MICs for carbapenems has not been investigated. This study evaluated the effect of inoculum size on MICs for carbapenems
and other β-lactams in nine clinical isolates of BLNAR. The MICs were determined by both the standard method described by
the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (final inoculum size of 5 × 105 colony-forming units [CFU]/ml) and a modified method (final inoculum size of 5 × 106 CFU/ml) using viable cell counts. The findings showed that the higher inoculum size increased MICs for imipenem, meropenem,
panipenem, biapenem, ampicillin, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. The inoculum effect (4 log2 dilution or a greater increase in the MIC) with imipenem, meropenem, panipenem, and biapenem was found in three, five, two,
and two isolates, respectively. The magnitude of the inoculum effect for panipenem significantly increased with the levels
of MICs, but correlation between them for the others was not statistically significant. The mutations of penicillin-binding
protein genes had little relevance to the reduced susceptibility to carbapenems or to the magnitude of the inoculum effect.
These results suggest that MIC determination using turbidity can produce interpretive errors in the antimicrobial susceptibility
testing of BLNAR for carbapenems because of their inoculum effect. Thus, accurate adjustment of inoculum size, such as viable
cell count, is helpful for confirming the true MICs when the isolates are interpreted as “resistant” by turbidity-based MIC
determination. 相似文献
2.
For improvement of mass production of the rhabditid biocontrol nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae in monoxenic liquid culture with their bacterial symbionts Xenorhabdus nematophila and Xenorhabdus bovienii, respectively, the effect of the initial nematode inoculum density on population development and final concentration of dauer
juveniles (DJs) was investigated. Symbiotic bacterial cultures are pre-incubated for 1 day prior to inoculation of DJs. DJs
are developmentally arrested and recover development as a reaction to food signals provided by their symbionts. After development
to adults, the nematodes produce DJ offspring. Inoculum density ranged from 1 to 10 × 103 DJ per milliliter for S. carpocapsae and 1 to 8 × 103 DJs per milliliter for S. feltiae. No significant influence of the inoculum density on the final DJ yields in both nematode species was recorded, except for
S. carpocapsae cultures with a parental female density <2 × 103 DJs per milliliter, in which the yields increased with increasing inoculation density. A strong negative response of the
parental female fecundity to increasing DJ inoculum densities was recorded for both species with a maximum offspring number
per female of >300 for S. carpocapsae and almost 200 for S. feltiae. The compensative adaptation of fecundity to nematode population density is responsible for the lack of an inoculum (or parental
female) density effect on DJ yields. At optimal inoculation density of S. carpocapsae, offspring were produced by the parental female population, whereas S. feltiae always developed a F1 female population, which contributed to the DJ yields and was the reason for a more scattered distribution
of the yields. The F1 female generation was accompanied by a second peak in X. bovienii density. The optimal DJ inoculum density for S. carpocapsae is 3–6 × 103 DJs per milliliter in order to obtain >103 parental females per milliliter. Density-dependent effects were neither observed on the DJ recovery nor on the sex ratio
in the parental adult generation. As recovery varied between different batches, assessment of the recovery of inoculum DJ
batches is recommended. S. feltiae was less variable in DJ recovery usually reaching >90%. The recommended DJ inoculum density is >5 × 103 DJs per milliliter to reach >2 × 103 parental females per milliliter. The mean yield recorded for S. carpocapsae was 135 × 103 and 105 × 103 per mililiter for S. feltiae. 相似文献
3.
T Alber M B Cassidy R M Zablotowicz J T Trevors H Lee 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2000,25(2):93-99
The degradation of mixtures of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) were evaluated in pure cultures of Sphingomonas sp. UG30, statically incubated soils (60% water-holding capacity) and soil perfusion bioreactors where encapsulated cells
of UG30 were used as a soil inoculant. In pure-culture studies, conditions were optimized for mineralization of PCP and PNP
mixtures at concentrations of 30 mg l−1 each. Optimum in vitro mineralization of PCP and PNP mixtures by UG30 was facilitated using ammonium phosphate as a nitrogen source, while inhibition
was observed with ammonium nitrate. The bioreactor system used columns containing soil treated with mixtures of 100, 225 or
500 mg kg−1 of PCP and PNP. Rapid dissipation of both substrates was observed at the 100 mg kg−1 level. Inoculation with UG30 enhanced PCP degradation at the 100 mg kg−1 level in bioreactors but not in static soil microcosms. At higher PCP and PNP concentrations (225 mg kg−1), occasional complete degradation of PNP was observed, and PCP degradation was about 80% compared to about 25% in statically
incubated soils after 20 days at 22°C. There was no additional degradation of the PCP and PNP mixtures attributable to inoculation
with encapsulated cells of UG30 in either soil system at concentrations of 225 or 500 mg kg−1. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 93–99.
Received 25 February 2000/ Accepted in revised form 07 June 2000 相似文献
4.
Julio C. Davila Chandrasekara G. Reddy Patrick J. Davis Daniel Acosta 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(5):515-524
Summary The present study was undertaken to assess and compare the toxic effects of papaverine hydrochloride and its metabolites.
Primary cell cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated with papavarine (papaver), 3′-O-desmethyl (3′-OH), 4′-O-desmethyl (4′-OH),
and 6-O-desmethyl (6-OH) papaverine at 1×10−5, 1×10−4, and 1×10−3
M for 4,8, 12, and 24-h periods. Cell injury was determined by: a) cell viability using the trypan blue exclusion test; b)
cytosolic enzyme leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase; c) morphologic alterations; and d) lactate:
pyruvate (L:P) ratios. Cell cultures showed concentration-and time-dependent responses. For example, a decrease in cell viability
and an increase in enzyme leakage were observed after cell treatment with 1×10−4 and 1×10−3
M papaver for 8 h; 1×10−3
M 6-OH papaverine for 8 h and 1×10−4
M for 24 h; and 1×10−3
M 4′-OH papaverine for 24 h (P<0.05). Furthermore, changes in morphology correlated to cell viability and enzyme release in those cultures treated with
papaver, 4′-OH and 6-OH papaverine. Some of these changes included size deformation, cell detachment from the dishes, and
cell necrosis. On the other hand, an increase in L:P ratios (P<0.05) was detected with papaver as early as 8 h with 1×10−4 and 1×10−3
M and 12 h with 1×10−5
M; 6-OH showed an increase, in L:P ratios at 8 h with 1×10−3
M and 12 h with 1×10−4
M; these changes were evident with 4′-OH at 12 h with 1×10−3
M. In contrast, cells treated with 3′-OH papaverine did not show significant damage with any time period and concentration
used in this study. The results of this study indicate that papaverine-derived metabolites are less cytotoxic than its parent
compound, papaver. The toxicity was ranked as follows: papaver>6-OH>4′-OH>−3′-OH.
This work was supported in part by grant ES04200-02 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Bethesda,
MD.
Presented in part at the fall ASPET meeting in Salt Lake City, August, 1989. Daniel Acosta is a Burroughs Wellcome Scholar
in Toxicology. 相似文献
5.
Zhang Lan Jia Hanchao Fang Tian Zhou Yunlong Su Ying 《Frontiers of Biology in China》2007,2(2):184-186
Field cultivation experiments on white sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds implanted with low-energy C ion showed that different dosages of C ion implantation produce different biological
effects. Sesame plants in 6 different dosage groups with C ion density respectively at 1 × 1011, 1 × 1012, 1 × 1015, 5 × 1015, 1 × 1016, 5 × 1016 ion/cm2 were superior to the control group in plant height, leaf number, stalk diameter and leaf size. Further, sesame plants in
these groups flower and seed earlier than those in the control group, and single plant yield also increased. Of all the groups,
the 5 × 1015 ion/cm2 dosage group yielded the best effect, whereas the 1 × 1017/cm2 dosage group showed an evident inhibitory effect of ion implantation on the germination and growth of the sesame seeds.
__________
Translated from Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2006, 42 (1): 95–97 [译自: 北京师范大学学报 (自然科学版)] 相似文献
6.
The chronic effect (duration of exposure 218 days) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the prolonged effect of the short-term
action of chlorophos or of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) during embryogenesis upon the sensitivity of intestinal glycosidases to Cu and Zn was studied in
roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.) underyearlings. The Cu+2 and Zn+2 ions at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 25 mg/L in vitro cause a 10–77% decrease in amylolytic activity in the intestinal
mucosa of control roach. An elevated level of PCBs (50.8 ng/g wet weight of food and 426 ng/g dry weight of ground) increased
the sensitivity of glycosidases to Cu and Zn. The embryotoxic action of chlorophos at concentrations of 1 × 10−6−1 × 10−2 mg/L in most cases increased the inhibitory effect of Cu but decreased that of Zn. As a rule, MNNG (3 × 10−7−3 × 10−1 mg/L) reduced the glycosidase sensitivity to the effect of metal ions. The magnitude and direction of the effect depend on
the nature and concentration of toxicants. 相似文献
7.
B. Sathyanathan 《Journal of biosciences》1996,21(6):809-818
The typical euryhaline clamVillorita cyprinoides (Hanley) was acclimated to copper and zinc at salinity 13 × 10−3 and < 1 × 10−3 (fresh water). Acclimation enhanced the lethal tolerance, as denoted by dose-survival curves, which was more pronounced after
zinc acclimation. In fresh water copper acclimation sensitized the organisms. The copper accumulation trend was significantly
changed consequent to metal acclimation, especially after zinc acclimation, indicating some tissue metal regulatory effect.
Acclimation to copper equiped the organism to survive for longer periods with increased body burden of copper, while zinc
acclimation supressed the uptake of the more toxic ion copper. The earlier report of increased uptake of zinc by this organism
during combined exposure with copper is corelated in the present context. The role of metallothionein like protein in providing
protection against metal toxicity, the environmental implication of acclimation phenomena are indicated 相似文献
8.
This work was aimed at producing inulinase by solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, using factorial design to identify
the effect of corn steep liquor (CSL) and soybean bran concentration, particle size of bagasse and size of inoculum. Maximum
inulinase activity achieved was 250 U per g of dry substrate (gds) at 20% (w/w) of CSL, 5% (w/w) of soybean bran, 1 × 1010 cells mL−1 and particle size of bagasse in the range 9/32 mesh. The use of soybean bran decreased the time to reach maximum activity
from 96 to 24 h and the maximum productivity achieved was 8.87 U gds−1 h−1. The maximum activity was obtained at pH 5.0 and 55.0°C. Within the investigated range, the enzyme extract was more thermostable
at 50.0°C, showing a D-value of 123.1 h and deactivation energy of 343.9 kJ gmol−1. The extract showed highest stability from pH 4.5 to 4.8. Apparent K
m and V
max are 7.1 mM and 17.79 M min−1, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Use of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor population dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in batch process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) assay with the TaqMan system was used to quantify 16S rRNA genes of β-proteobacterial
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in a batch nitrification bioreactor. Five different sets of primers, together with a TaqMan
probe, were used to quantify the 16S rRNA genes of β-proteobacterial AOB belonging to the Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosococcus mobilis, Nitrosomonas nitrosa, and Nitrosomonas cryotolerans clusters, and the genus Nitrosospira. We also used PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning, and sequencing of their 16S rRNA genes
to identify the AOB species. Seed sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment process controlling high-strength nitrogen
wastewater (500 mg/L NH4
+–N) was used as the inoculum for subsequent batch experiment. The Nitrosomonas nitrosa cluster was the predominant AOB (2.3 × 105 copies/mL) in the start-up period of the batch experiment. However, from the exponential growth period, the Nitrosomonas europaea cluster was the most abundant AOB, and its 16S rRNA gene copy number increased to 8.9 × 106 copies/mL. The competitive dominance between the two AOB clusters is consistent with observed differences in ammonia tolerance
and substrate affinity. Analysis of the DGGE results indicated the presence of Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC19718 and Nitrosomonas nitrosa Nm90, consistent with the QPCR results. 相似文献
10.
The relationship between scale and body growth for emigrating Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, smolts was previously not understood and therefore was examined in this study using mark-recapture techniques. The size
of smolts at time of recapture was significantly greater than when marked (P = 0.0002). The growth in length of smolts emigrating 5 km over an average of 20 days was 7.7 ± 6.1 mm per day. Instantaneous
somatic growth (G
body) ranged from 7.0 × 10−4 to 5.1 × 10−3 (mean = 2.7 × 10−3 ± 1.3 × 10−3). The mean number of plus growth circuli present per scale was significantly greater for smolts when recaptured compared
to when marked (P = 0.0014). The instantaneous growth rate of scales (G
scale) ranged from 1.4 × 10−3 to 11.5 × 10−3 (mean = 6.6 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−3). The relationship between body size and scale radius showed positive allometry rather than isometry. The relationship of
G
scale with G
body showed positive allometry indicating that scales grew at a slightly faster rate than the body during the emigratory period. 相似文献
11.
M. Bonadei C. Calvio D. Carbonera A. Galizzi E. Quattrini A. Balestrazzi 《Folia microbiologica》2010,55(1):39-46
The impact of transgenic white poplars (Populus alba L. cv. ‘Villafranca’) was assessed on the soil aerobic spore-forming bacteria (SFB). The genetically modified poplars, expressing
either the StSy gene for resveratrol production or the bar gene for herbicide tolerance, were cultivated in greenhouse. The occurrence of SFB was monitored in soil samples collected
at eight different timepoints over a two-year period. The total culturable bacterial population of the StSy and bar trials underwent significant seasonal fluctuations in the range of 106−2.5 × 108 CFU/g dry soil and of 104−5 × 108 CFU/g dry soil, respectively. Changes occurred also within the culturable SFB population with size varying at 103−5 × 104 CFU/g dry soil and 102−2 × 105 CFU/g dry soil in the StSy and bar trials, respectively. No significant differences in the size of the total and SFB culturable populations were observed when
comparing each transgenic line with the nontransformed control line while seasonal shifts of soil bacterial populations were
evident in both trials. The culturable SFB fraction included three isolates (SFB-1, SFB-2 and SFB-3) classified by 16S rDNA
sequence analysis as members of the Bacillus genus. According to the reported data, cultivation of both herbicide-resistant and resveratrol-producing GM white poplars
did not affect the culturable SFB population at the soil level. 相似文献
12.
Abdolmohammad Abedian Kennari Nasrollah Ahmadifard Maryam Fallahi Kapourchali Jafar Seyfabadi 《Biologia》2008,63(3):407-411
The rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, was grown with two algae species (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus) at different concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 × 106 cells ml−1). The body size (lorica biovolume) of individual rotifer and their egg size were measured when the populations were roughly
in the exponential phase of population growth. The body size of the rotifers differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the two algae species used, however this effect was not observed for egg size. The body size of rotifers fed
on higher densities of Chlorella sp. (10 × 106 cells ml−1) was significantly larger than for those fed on lower and medium densities (0.1 and 1 × 106 cells ml−1). Body size and egg size of rotifers fed with different amounts of Scenedesmus did not differ significantly. The egg size was significantly larger at higher food level of Chlorella. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the adult rotifer body size and their egg size. 相似文献
13.
Dasagrandhi Chakradhar Saleem Javeed Avinash P. Sattur 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(9):1179-1187
Nigerloxin, a new and potent lipoxygenase inhibitor, was discovered in our laboratory through solid-state fermentation of
wheat bran by Aspergillus niger V. Teigh (MTCC-5166). The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using different agro-industrial residues
as nutritional supplements along with wheat bran to enhance the production of nigerloxin. Nigerloxin produced by SSF was quantified
spectrophotometrically at 292 nm. The results indicate that the inhibitor production was influenced by the type of solid substrate
supplemented, moisture content, pH and size of the inoculum. Individually optimized supplements were tested in different combinations
to determine their effects on nigerloxin production. A twofold increase in the production of nigerloxin (4.9 ± 0.3 mg gds−1) was achieved by supplementing wheat bran with 10% w/w sweet lemon peel and 5% v/w methanol at optimized process parameters,
that is, an initial moisture content of 65% v/w and incubation period of 6 days with an initial inoculum size of 2 ml (8 × 105 spores gds−1). Nigerloxin production was stable between pH of 4 and 5. 相似文献
14.
The use of clove oil as a potential anaesthetic for freshwater amphipods was examined at 20 °C. Individuals of Gammarus minus, a common species in southern Illinois, USA, spanning the entire body size range (4.3–14.3 mm), were used to test four anaesthetic
concentrations varying from 1.48 × 10−4 ml ml−1 to 5.9 × 10−4 ml ml−1. Small-bodied individuals (mean size = 5.4 mm ± 0.27SE) were used to test additional concentrations, up to 14.7 × 10−4 ml ml−1, a 10-fold span, to identify potential lethal concentrations. At the lowest concentration, time to anaesthesia and recovery
was constant at all body sizes. For the three next higher concentrations, time to anaesthesia decreased with increasing concentration
while recovery time increased. Activity of amphipods was not affected by the ethanol carrier. In addition, activity did not
differ between amphipods that had recovered from anaesthesia and unexposed amphipods. At clove oil concentrations of 8.84
× 10−4 ml ml−1 and 14.7 × 10−4 ml ml−1, mortality was 7 and 40%, respectively, indicating, that 5.9 × 10−4 ml ml−1 was a safe working concentration. No mortality was observed with Gammarus acherondytes, a federally endangered cave amphipod on which the protocol with 80 μl of stock was used in the field. The method enabled
us to obtain information on the endangered amphipod which normally would have required the sacrifice of individuals. Thus,
research can continue on species for which population numbers are low and for which basic information is needed to formulate
meaningful recovery plans. 相似文献
15.
O. M. Tsivileva E. A. Loshchinina O. E. Makarov V. E. Nikitina 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2012,48(3):280-289
The auxin formation in a submerged culture of the xylotrophic basidiomycete Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) (shiitake) is studied. Biologically active substances of an indole nature are identified, “the effect of
small doses” of which lies in not only the stimulation of growth of the mycelium (indole-3-acetic acid, 2 × 10−7–2 × 10−4 g/l), but also in the induction of tryptophan-independent paths of auxin biosynthesis. The above-mentioned path is realized
in the presence of exogenous indole (1 × 10−3–1 × 10−4 g/l), as well as while inducing the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid by its microadditives (1 × 10−5−1 × 10−8 g/l), and is accompanied by the formation of anthranilic acid (up to 1.5 mg/l). Induction of the generative development stage
of shiitake by indole derivatives is revealed. It was found that among the studied compounds only indoleacetamide at a concentration
of an order of ×10−4 g/l in the culture fluid of L. edodes had a pronounced stimulatory effect on the formation of shiitake’s brown mycelial film. 相似文献
16.
Explanations for the acclimation period preceding the mineralization of organic chemicals in aquatic environments 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A study was conducted of possible reasons for acclimation of microbial communities to the mineralization of organic compounds in lake water and sewage. The acclimation period for the mineralization of 2 ng of p-nitrophenol (PNP) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid per ml of sewage was eliminated when the sewage was incubated for 9 or 16 days, respectively, with no added substrate. The acclimation period for the mineralization of 2 ng but not 200 ng or 2 micrograms of PNP per ml was eliminated when the compound was added to lake water that had been first incubated in the laboratory. Mineralization of PNP by Flavobacterium sp. was detected within 7 h at concentrations of 20 ng/ml to 2 micrograms/ml but only after 25 h at 2 ng/ml. PNP-utilizing organisms began to multiply logarithmically after 1 day in lake water amended with 2 micrograms of PNP per ml, but substrate disappearance was only detected at 8 days, at which time the numbers were approaching 10(5) cells per ml. The addition of inorganic nutrients reduced the length of the acclimation period from 6 to 3 days in sewage and from 6 days to 1 day in lake water. The prior degradation of natural organic materials in the sewage and lake water had no effect on the acclimation period for the mineralization of PNP, and naturally occurring inhibitors that might delay the mineralization were not present. The length of the acclimation phase for the mineralization of 2 ng of PNP per ml was shortened when the protozoa in sewage were suppressed by eucaryotic inhibitors, but it was unaffected or increased if the inhibitors were added to lake water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
17.
Explanations for the acclimation period preceding the mineralization of organic chemicals in aquatic environments. 总被引:12,自引:10,他引:2
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A study was conducted of possible reasons for acclimation of microbial communities to the mineralization of organic compounds in lake water and sewage. The acclimation period for the mineralization of 2 ng of p-nitrophenol (PNP) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid per ml of sewage was eliminated when the sewage was incubated for 9 or 16 days, respectively, with no added substrate. The acclimation period for the mineralization of 2 ng but not 200 ng or 2 micrograms of PNP per ml was eliminated when the compound was added to lake water that had been first incubated in the laboratory. Mineralization of PNP by Flavobacterium sp. was detected within 7 h at concentrations of 20 ng/ml to 2 micrograms/ml but only after 25 h at 2 ng/ml. PNP-utilizing organisms began to multiply logarithmically after 1 day in lake water amended with 2 micrograms of PNP per ml, but substrate disappearance was only detected at 8 days, at which time the numbers were approaching 10(5) cells per ml. The addition of inorganic nutrients reduced the length of the acclimation period from 6 to 3 days in sewage and from 6 days to 1 day in lake water. The prior degradation of natural organic materials in the sewage and lake water had no effect on the acclimation period for the mineralization of PNP, and naturally occurring inhibitors that might delay the mineralization were not present. The length of the acclimation phase for the mineralization of 2 ng of PNP per ml was shortened when the protozoa in sewage were suppressed by eucaryotic inhibitors, but it was unaffected or increased if the inhibitors were added to lake water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
Cyanobacterial akinete induction and its application as biofertilizer for rice cultivation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sasidhorn Innok Somporn Chunleuchanon Nantakorn Boonkerd Neung Teaumroong 《Journal of applied phycology》2009,21(6):737-744
Nostoc sp. VICCR1-1 was induced in order to form akinetes on the basis of nutrient modification. Phosphorus and iron were found
to be the critical for akinete differentiation, especially when both elements were omitted. The number of akinete cells increased
up to 20% when compared with culturing in BG110 medium (without N source). In addition, CaCl2 played a role in heterocyst differentiation, and was able to induce heterocyst ranging between 30% and 46%. In order to prepare
akinetes as inoculum, the dried form of akinetes was prepared by mixing it with montmorillonite clay. The inoculum with the
amount of 2.8 × 106 cells m−2 was applied to rice (Oryza sativa) fields. After harvesting, the grain yields from chemical N fertilizer, vegetative cells, and akinete inoculum treatments
were not significantly different. To monitor the persistence of Nostoc sp. VICCR1-1 after harvesting, the most probable number-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique using 16S rRNA
gene was employed. The results indicated that the remaining population is at 2.5 × 105 and 1.62 × 106 cells m−2 in treatments supplied with vegetative cells and akinete inocula, respectively. Akinete induction might be one of the appropriate
approaches for producing cyanobacterial inoculum. 相似文献
19.
Peter W. Inglis Rubia B. C. Sarmento Camila F. C. Gavião Heloisa Frazão M. Cléria Valadares-Inglis 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(10):1083-1085
Summary An insertional mutant of Metarhizium anisopliae is described with enhanced submerged conidiation. In a 500 ml submerged culture, this mutant produces a mean of 4.05 × 108 propagules ml−1 from an inoculum of 1 × 106 conidia, where the parental strain accumulates only 3.75 × 104 propagules ml−1. 相似文献
20.
Statistically based experimental design was employed for the optimization of fermentation conditions for maximum production
of enzyme tannase from Aspergillus niger. Central composite rotatable design (CCRD) falling under response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Based on the results
of ‘one-at-a-time’ approach in submerged fermentation, the most influencing factors for tannase production from A. niger were concentrations of tannic acid and sodium nitrate, agitation rate and incubation period. Hence, to achieve the maximum
yield of tannase, interaction of these factors was studied at optimum production pH of 5.0 by RSM. The optimum values of parameters
obtained through RSM were 5% tannic acid, 0.8% sodium nitrate, 5.0 pH, 5 × 107 spores/50mL inoculum density, 150 rpm agitation and incubation period of 48 h which resulted in production of 19.7 UmL−1 of the enzyme. This activity was almost double as compared to the amount obtained by ‘one-at-a-time’ approach (9.8 UmL−1). 相似文献