Selenium Thresholds for Fish from Cold Freshwaters

A review of reproductive effects studies with cold-water fish species including trout (cutthroat, brook, rainbow), white sucker, and northern pike indicates that they have higher tolerances to selenium taken up via dietary sources than warm-water fish species. The USEPA (2004) USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004. Draft Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Selenium—2004, Washington, DC, , USA: Office of Water. EPA-822-D-04-001 [Google Scholar] draft Se tissue criterion of 7.9 mg/kg dw will provide a conservative level of protection for these cold-water fish species. However, site- and species-specific studies are required to set realistically protective upper guideline values.     

Evaluation of a fully automated method to measure the critical removal stress of adult barnacles

A computer-controlled force gauge designed to measure the adhesive strength of barnacles on test substrata is described. The instrument was evaluated with adult barnacles grown in situ on Silastic T2®-coated microscope slides and epoxy replicas adhered to the same substratum with synthetic adhesive. The force per unit area required to detach the barnacles (critical removal stress) using the new automated system was comparable to that obtained with ASTM D5618 (1994 ASTM D5618. 1994. Standard test method for measurement of barnacle adhesion strength in shear American Standard for Testing and Materials. Paint-Tests for formulated products and applied coatings 06.01 [Google Scholar]) (0.19 and 0.28 MPa compared with 0.18 and 0.27 MPa for two batches of barnacles). The automated method showed a faster rate of force development compared with the manual spring force gauge used for ASTM D5618 (1994 ASTM D5618. 1994. Standard test method for measurement of barnacle adhesion strength in shear American Standard for Testing and Materials. Paint-Tests for formulated products and applied coatings 06.01 [Google Scholar]). The new instrument was as accurate and precise at determining surface area as manual delineation used with ASTM D5618 (1994 ASTM D5618. 1994. Standard test method for measurement of barnacle adhesion strength in shear American Standard for Testing and Materials. Paint-Tests for formulated products and applied coatings 06.01 [Google Scholar]). The method provided significant advantages such as higher throughput speed, the ability to test smaller barnacles (which took less time to grow) and to control the force application angle and speed. The variability in measurements was lower than previously reported, suggesting an improved ability to compare the results obtained by different researchers.     

Redescription of Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969 (Collembola: Tomoceridae) from Georgian caves

The collembolan species Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969 Martynova, E. (1969): Springtails of the family Tomoceridae (Collembola) from the fauna of the USSR [in Russian]. Entomological Review, 43, 299–314. [Google Scholar] is redescribed and illustrated based on material sampled in Georgian caves. Differences from the morphologically similar P. abchasicus Martynova, 1969 Martynova, E. (1969): Springtails of the family Tomoceridae (Collembola) from the fauna of the USSR [in Russian]. Entomological Review, 43, 299–314. [Google Scholar] are discussed. A key to species of the genus Plutomurus found in the Caucasus is provided.     

Review of the genus Catomus Allard, 1876 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Iran

Five species of the genus Catomus Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] are known from Iran. Catomus fragilis (Ménétriés, 1848) is recorded from Iran for the first time. Lectotypes of C. persicus Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] (type species of the genus) and C. semiruber Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] are designated. These species are also redescribed and figured. A key to the species of Catomus in the Iranian fauna is given.     

A taxonomical study of the genus Esakia Lundblad, 1933 (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae), with descriptions of two new species from Borneo

Abstract

Two new species of the genus Esakia Lundblad, 1933 Lundblad, O.M . (1933), ‘Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semi-aquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali’, Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplementum , 12, 1–195, 263–489. [Google Scholar] are described, both from Borneo: Esakia borneensis sp. n. and E. mazzoldii sp. n. For the first time, E. johorensis Cheng, 1966 Cheng, L . (1966), ‘Three New Species of Esakia Lundblad (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from Malaya’, The Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 35(1–2), 16–22. [Google Scholar] is reported from Sumatra; E. hungerfordi Miyamoto, 1967 Miyamoto, S . (1967), ‘Gerridae of Thailand and North Borneo Taken by the Joint Thai-Japanese Biological Expedition 1961–62’, Nature Life Southeast Asia , 5, 217–257. [Google Scholar] from Sarawak and Sabah; and E. lundbladi Cheng, 1966 Cheng, L . (1966), ‘Three New Species of Esakia Lundblad (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from Malaya’, The Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 35(1–2), 16–22. [Google Scholar] from Thailand (Narathiwat Province). The taxonomy of E. kuiterti Hungerford and Matsuda, 1958 Hungerford, H.B. , and Matsuda, R . (1958), ‘The Genus Esakia Lundblad with Two New Species (Heteroptera, Gerridae)’, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 31(3), 193–197. [Google Scholar] and E. hungerfordi is discussed. Esakia hungerfordi, previously considered by Polhemus (1992 Polhemus, J.T . (1992), ‘Nomenclatural Notes on Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera’ [Short communications], Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 64(4), 438–443.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) as a synonym of E. fernandoi, is treated here as a separate species from the latter. Easkia kuiterti, which was also synonymised with E. ventidioides Lundlblad, 1933 by Polhemus (1992 Polhemus, J.T . (1992), ‘Nomenclatural Notes on Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera’ [Short communications], Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 64(4), 438–443.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), is considered valid species. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6E94274-2305-4096-9186-2D799124E2FA     

Two new harvestmen species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Caucasus

Two new harvestmen species of the family Phalangiidae, Rilaena caucasica sp. n. and Rilaena silhavyi sp. n. are diagnosed, illustrated, and described from the Caucasus region. Comparative illustration of the related Rilaena anatolica (Roewer, 1956), R. atrolutea (Roewer, 1915) and R. kelbajarica Snegovaya &; Pkhakadze, 2014 Snegovaya, N. Y., &; Pkhakadze, V. D. (2014): New species of the genus Rilaena (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) from the mount Gyamish, Azerbaijan. Vestnik zoologii, 48, 313–318. doi: 10.2478/vzoo-2014-0037[Crossref] , [Google Scholar] are given.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7B29FD94-45A2-4E32-A41E-3276E016410B     

A new species of Larsia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from phytotelmata of Aechmea distichantha Lemaire, 1853 (Bromeliaceae) in Argentina

A new species of Larsia Fittkau, 1962 Fittkau, E.J. (1962), ‘Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) (Die Tribus Anatopyniini, Macropelopiini und Pentaneurini)’, Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1–453. [Google Scholar], viz. Larsia angusticornis sp. n., is described and adults and immatures are figured. The study is based on larvae collected from phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lemaire, 1853 Lemaire, A.C. (1853), Le Jardin Fleuriste; Journal General des Progres et des Interets Horticoles et Botaniques, 3: pl. 269. [Google Scholar] in northeastern Argentina that were reared to the adult stage. The pupa bears thoracic horns unusual for the genus, which distinguish this new species from other Larsia species.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:41DFD96D-98E2-4FFC-9CDE-C290BCA84D45     

Molluskan Grazing Traces (Ichnogenus Radulichnus Voigt, 1977) on a Pleistocene Bivalve from Southern Brazil,With the Proposal of a New Ichnospecies

The ichnogenus Radulichnus Voigt, 1977 Voigt, E. 1977. On grazing traces produced by the radula of fossil and recent gastropods and chitons. In Trace fossils 2, eds. T. P. Crimes, and J. C. Harper, 335–346. Geological Journal, Special Issue 9. [Google Scholar] is recorded for the first time from a bivalve, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791 Gmelin, J. F. 1791. Caroli a Linné, Systema Naturae. Tom. I, Pars VI. Leipzig: G.E. Beer, pp. 3021–3910. [Google Scholar]), in a late Pleistocene molluskan assemblage from the southern Brazilian coastal plain. Grazing traces comprise short (<1?mm), parallel furrows, arranged in rows on the inner (concave) shell surface and mostly concentrated in its central area. Radulichnus accommodates scratches on hard substrates produced by the radula of grazing gastropod or polyplacophorans. Our literature survey on fossil and extant traces, as well as studies on the grazing mechanism in living mollusks, document at least two distinct morphotypes that are related to differences in the feeding modes of the producers. We propose to distinguish a second ichnospecies of Radulichnus, in addition to the type, R. inopinatus Voigt, 1977 Voigt, E. 1977. On grazing traces produced by the radula of fossil and recent gastropods and chitons. In Trace fossils 2, eds. T. P. Crimes, and J. C. Harper, 335–346. Geological Journal, Special Issue 9. [Google Scholar] (produced by gastropods), which is named R. transversus isp. nov., and attributed to polyplacophorans. Grazing traces on the shell of A. brasiliana match the morphotype produced by polyplacophorans mollusks, and are indicative of its complex taphonomic history in comparison with other shells in this assemblage.     

Neotropical Osmylidae larvae (Insecta,Neuroptera): description of habitats and morphology

ABSTRACT

The larval stages of the genus Kempynus Navás, 1912 Navás, L. (1912), ‘Insectos neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos’, Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 10, 135–202. [Google Scholar] (probably K. falcatus Navás, 1912 Navás, L. (1912), ‘Insectos neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos’, Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 10, 135–202. [Google Scholar] based on the presence of synchronic and sympatric adults) are described for the Neotropical Region for the first time, and the larval stages of Isostenosmylus pulverulentus (Gerstaecker, 1893 Gerstaecker, C.E.A. (1893), ‘Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm’, Mitt[h]eilungen aus dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen, 25, 93–173. [Google Scholar]) are redescribed. The external morphology of third-instar larvae of both species and their habitats are described and compared. Kempynus sp. is a water-dependent species and can be considered semi-aquatic, whereas I. pulverulentus larvae are terrestrial and live in undergrowth vegetation. The first key to identification of Neotropical Osmylidae larvae is provided, based on third-instar larvae of both species.     

Gobies are deeply divided: phylogenetic evidence from nuclear DNA (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae)

Gobies (Gobiidae sensu Gill & Mooi, 2012 Gill, A. and Mooi, R. 2012. Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa, 3266: 41–52.  [Google Scholar]) are one of the most diverse families of vertebrates, and comprise over 1700 species of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. Phylogenetic studies based on morphological characters and mtDNA have suggested that goby diversity is asymmetrically split between a speciose clade of predominantly marine species, and a less rich, but ecologically diverse, clade comprising predominantly freshwater and brackish species. This study is the first to explore this deep divide in gobies and their relationships at the family level using phylogenetic data from nuclear genes (RAG1, rhodopsin). Our results confirm the split within the Gobiidae, and agree with prior molecular studies on the inclusion of the following taxa within the two goby clades: (i) the more diverse of the two clades of gobies (the ‘Gobiidae’ sensu stricto of Thacker 2009 Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 1: 93–104. doi:10.1643/CI-08-004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) comprises the gobiines, microdesmines, ptereleotrines and kraemeriines; (ii) the less diverse of the two gobiid clades (‘Gobionellidae’ sensu Thacker 2009 Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 1: 93–104. doi:10.1643/CI-08-004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) includes the gobionellines, oxudercines, amblyopines, sicydiines, as well as the European sand gobies. Some relationships within the two major gobiid clades remain unclear. Specifically, there remains confusion regarding the monophyly and interrelationships between the northern Pacific gobionellines, the Mugilogobius group gobionellines, and the European sand gobies. Additionally, within Thacker's (2009 Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 1: 93–104. doi:10.1643/CI-08-004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Gobiidae sensu stricto, there are several well-supported groups (e.g. the wormfishes and dartfishes, the Coral Gobies, the Gobiosomatini), yet relationships among these groups are still poorly resolved despite the use of data from two conserved nuclear genes. Future phylogenetic analyses of gobies will benefit greatly from taxon sampling that includes groups that have been historically under-represented in molecular studies (e.g. European sand gobies, northern Pacific gobionellines, African species), as well as deeper genetic sampling including large numbers of independent loci from throughout the genome (i.e. a phylogenomic approach).     

Revision of the Clytra subfasciata species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini)

The Clytra subfasciata species group is proposed, to comprise Clytra subfasciata Lacordaire, 1848 Lacordaire, J. T. (1848): Monographie des coléoptères subpentamères de la famille des phytophages. Tome second. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liége, 5, 1–890 pp. [Google Scholar], C. hajeki Medvedev &; Kantner, 2002 Medvedev, L. N., &; Kantner, F. (2002): Some new and poorly know Clytrinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the Old World. Entomologica Basiliensia, 24, 259–269. [Google Scholar] and C. kadleci sp. n. (Yemen). The species of the group are characterised by the peculiar shape of the aedeagus, with a dorsal plate separated from the rest of aedeagus by a deep narrow slit. Colour photographs of habitus and drawings of genitalia are provided for all three species.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6706A76-CD49-4A5A-A109-A6E6C23514A5     

The altitudinal limit of Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882 and Lachlania Hagen, 1868 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae,Oligoneuriidae) in Ecuadorian Andes streams: searching for mechanisms

We explored mechanisms determining the upper altitudinal limit of ephemeropterans from two different genera: Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882 Eaton, A.E. (1882), ?An Announcement of New Genera of the Ephemeridae?, The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 18, 207–208. [Google Scholar] (Leptohyphidae) and Lachlania Hagen, 1868 Hagen, H.A. (1868), ?On Lachlania Abnormis: A New Genus and Species from Cuba Belonging to the Ephemerina?, Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 11, 372–375. [Google Scholar] (Oligoneuriidae). For this, we (1) surveyed the two taxa in 165 stream sites along a wide altitudinal gradient; (2) sampled benthic fauna at short altitudinal intervals along a stream, from 2780 to 3150 m above sea level; (3) collected adults at the lowest and highest sites; and (4) transplanted nymphs from the lowest to the highest study site in our stream to determine survival over time. Densities of the two taxa declined gradually with altitude and both disappeared between 2950 and 3080 m a.s.l. The upper altitudinal limit in the stream seemed to be most closely related to mean oxygen saturation, temperature, and current velocity. Adults were collected where the nymphs were found, but not at the upstream site where the nymphs were absent, implying limited upstream dispersal of adults and some of the altitudinal constraint lying at the adult stage. Short-term survival of transplanted nymphs was lower than that of controls, suggesting that the distribution was limited at the juvenile stage, and that at least some of the altitudinal constraint is related to the abiotic stream environment.     

The genus Antillophos Woodring, 1928 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the China seas,with description of a new species

The species of genus Antillophos Woodring, 1928 Woodring, W.P. (1928) Miocene Mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica. 2. Gastropods and Discussion of Results. Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington D.C. [Google Scholar] from the China seas are studied. Six species, Antillophos liui n. sp., Antillophos lucubratonis Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 Fraussen, K. & Poppe, G.T. (2005) Revision of Phos and Antillophos (Buccinidae) from the Central Philippines. Visaya 1, 76–115. [Google Scholar], Antillophos monsecourorum Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 Fraussen, K. & Poppe, G.T. (2005) Revision of Phos and Antillophos (Buccinidae) from the Central Philippines. Visaya 1, 76–115. [Google Scholar], Antillophos pyladeum (Kato, 1995 Kato, S. (1995) Discussion of the genus Phos. Hitaciobi 70, 15–20. [Google Scholar]), Antillophos roseatus (Hinds, 1844 Hinds, R.B. (1844) Mollusca. In: Hinds, R.B. (Ed.) The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur During the years 1836–1842. 2. Smith, Elder and Co., London, pp. 1–72. [Google Scholar]) and Antillophos sp., are described and illustrated.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51481997-A841-4F37-8E15-B753DC99CB4D     

Description of the first endemic earthworm species from Cyprus (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae)

New earthworm samples from Cyprus are assessed and discussed. A re-evaluation of specimens previously relegated to the Southern Alpine species Perelia nematogena (Rosa, 1903), revealed two independent species: Perelia phoebea (Cognetti, 1913 Cognetti, L. (1913): Escursioni zoologiche del Dr. E. Festa nell’Isola di Rodi V. Oligocheti. Bollettino dei Musei di zoologia ed anatomia comparata della R. Università di Torino, 28, 1–6. [Google Scholar]) ,described originally from Rhodes Island, (Greece) and an undescribed species Perelia makrisi sp. n. The new species is similar also to the Levantine Pe. galileana Csuzdi &; Pavlí?ek, 2005 and corroborates the hypotheses that the autochthonous earthworm fauna of Cyprus is of Levantine origin.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FD1996DC-2FFC-42D5-A1D2-005B50E6FC64     

A new species of Paratheuma (Araneae: Dictynidae) from Southwestern Asia and transfer of the genus

The marine spider genus Paratheuma Bryant, 1940 Bryant, E. B. (1940): Cuban spiders in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 86, 247–532. [Google Scholar] is recorded in southwestern Asia for the first time, and a new species, P. enigmatica sp. n. is described from southern and southeastern Iran on the basis of both sexes. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the genus is transferred from Desidae to Litisedinae, Dictynidae.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BC5B70CB-E6C9-4624-8BE8-22FF14AF6DC7     

Molecular identity,morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida,Spionidae)

Rhynchospio glutaea (Ehlers, 1897 Ehlers, E. 1897. Polychaeten. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1892/93. L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, Germany. [Google Scholar]), Rhynchospio arenincola Hartman, 1936 Hartman, O. 1936. New species of Spionidae (Annelida Polychaeta) from the coast of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 41, 45–52. [Google Scholar] and Rhynchospio arenincola asiatica Chlebovitsch, 1959 Chlebovitsch, V.V. 1959. Species of Polychaeta worms from the Kurile Islands, which are new or recorded for the first time in the USSR fauna. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 38, 167–181. [Google Scholar], originally described from Strait of Magellan, California, and South Kurile Islands respectively, appear similar to each other in adult morphology. These species and subspecies have been considered by some authors as subjective synonyms and are here referred to as members of the R. glutaea complex. Sequence data of four gene fragments (2465 bp in total) of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA, and Histone 3 have shown that R. glutaea complex individuals from the South West Atlantic (Argentina), North East Pacific (British Columbia and Oregon) and North West Pacific (South Korea) were genetically distant and not conspecific. These data also indicate that R. arenincola from North America and R. aff. asiatica from South Korea are more closely related to each other, and both are closer to R. glutaea from South America than to R. nhatrangi from Vietnam: nhatrangi (glutaea (arenincola-aff. asiatica)). Adults of the R. glutaea complex are hermaphrodites and the arrangement of gametes is suggested to be a crucial reproductive character for distinguishing these species. Based on this character, two species of the complex are apparent in the North West Pacific: R. asiatica Chlebovitsch, 1959 Chlebovitsch, V.V. 1959. Species of Polychaeta worms from the Kurile Islands, which are new or recorded for the first time in the USSR fauna. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 38, 167–181. [Google Scholar] stat. nov. from the Kurile Islands (not analysed here) and an unnamed species from the mainland coast of Asia (here referred to as R. aff. asiatica). Adult morphology of R. asiatica stat. nov. is briefly described and illustrated. The lectotype and the type locality of the species on Iturup Is. are established for the first time. An identification key is provided to the 10 currently recognized Rhynchospio species.     

Discovery of the subfamily Microtypinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Egypt,with the description of a new species

The subfamily Microtypinae Szépligeti, 1908 Szépligeti, G. (1908): Braconiden aus der Sammlung des ungarischen National-Museums. 2. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 6, 397–427. [Google Scholar] (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is recorded for the first time for Egypt. The present study is based on specimens collected from Gebel Elba, Wadi Allaqi, St. Catherine, and Fayoum, as well as specimens deposited in various entomological collections in Egypt. Four species belonging to the genus Microtypus Ratzeburg, 1848 (M. algiricus Szépligeti, 1908 Szépligeti, G. (1908): Braconiden aus der Sammlung des ungarischen National-Museums. 2. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 6, 397–427. [Google Scholar]; M. desertorum Shestakov, 1932 Shestakov, A. (1932): Zur Kenntnis der asiatischen Braconiden. Zoologische Annalen (Würzburg), 99, 255–263. [Google Scholar]; M. vanharteni van Achterberg, 2010 Achterberg, C. van (2010): Order Hymenoptera, family Braconidae. Genus Microtypus Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microtypinae). Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates, 3, 381–387. [Google Scholar] and M. aegypticus sp. n.) are reported for the first time from Egypt.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:022282A1-183F-4E0C-9F88-A53C42735532