经皮扩张气管切开术在重症脑出血患者抢救中应用价值

目的:研究经皮扩张气管切开术在重症脑出血患者抢救中应用价值。方法:选取2010年1月至2013年12月在我院诊治的80例重度脑出血患者,根据自愿原则,40例采用经皮扩张气管切开术进行抢救治疗为观察组,其余40例采用传统气管切开术治疗为对照组,比较两组患者术中平均出血量、手术时间、术后切口愈合时间、颈部疤痕情况以及术后并发症发生率。结果:1观察组患者较对照组术中出血量少、手术时间及术后切口愈合时间较短、颈部伤疤小,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2观察组患者并发症发生率为7.5%,明显低于对照组的22.5%,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮扩张气管切开术抢救重症脑出血合并呼吸道梗阻具有操作简单,创伤小,愈合快且并发症少的优势,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术比较分析

目的:分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术与传统开腹术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,探讨腹腔镜手术的特点及优势,为临床外科手术提供参考。方法:选择2009年7月至2013年5月在我院进行腹腔镜手术的186例结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行分析,并与择期接受开腹手术的181例结直肠癌患者的临床效果进行对比。比较两组患者的平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间及并发症的发生率等。结果:与传统手术组相比,腹腔镜组患者的平均手术时间短、平均术中出血量少、术后肛门排气时间早、平均住院时间短,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者术后出现下肢静脉血栓1例、皮下气肿9例、高碳酸血症8例,并发症的发生率为7.14%;传统手术组术后出现切口感染10例、消化道出血13例,吻合口漏11例、并发症的发生率为12.90%。腹腔镜根治术患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于传统开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者的平均住院时间为(8.34±2.12)天,明显短于传统开腹手术组的(11.58±1.98)天,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

后路椎间盘镜治疗急性重症腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的:探讨后路显微内窥镜椎间盘摘除术(MED)治疗急性重症腰椎间盘突出症的临床价值.方法:回顾分析对19例(21个节段)急性重症腰椎间盘突出患者在入院24小时内采用MED手术治疗.结果:本组病人均在术后9天内出院,全组病人均获得随访,平均随访时间平均8个月,术后按Nakai标准行功能评级:优16例,良2例,可1例,优良率94.7%.结论:MED术能尽快解除急性重症腰椎间盘突出症脱出髓核对神经的急性压迫,防止神经损伤进行性加重,且具有切口小、组织损伤少、恢复快和有效地维持脊柱的稳定性的优点,可作为治疗急性重症腰椎间盘突出的首选手术方法.     

全髋置换术中后外侧微创小切口的应用分析

目的探讨后外侧微创小切口全髋置换术在临床的应用价值。方法将我科收治的64例全髋关节置换患者随机分为两组。治疗组32例,采用后外侧微创小切口全髋置换术;对照组32例,采用常规全髋置换术。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中术后失血量、切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间、术后Harris评分、并发症等。结果随访时间为3个月～2年,平均12个月。两组患者术后切口均为Ⅰ级切口甲级愈合,无1例发生切口及深部感染,两组患者术后Harris评分、术后并发症等无显著性差异。但治疗组(后外侧微创切口全髋置换术)在手术时间、术中术后失血量、手术切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间均显著低于常规全髋置换术,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论后外侧微创小切口行人工全髋置换术可明显缩短手术时间和降低术后并发症及假体位置不当的风险,具有手术创伤小、失血量少、可早期进行关节功能锻炼等优点。     

微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术（MPCNL）治疗上尿路结石的临床分析

目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术（MPCNL）用于治疗尿路结石的临床效果。方法：选取120例单侧上尿路结石病患者,随机分为两组,每组60人。一组应用微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术（MPCNL）进行一期单通道上尿路取石,另一组采用开放手术治疗。比较并分析两组患者的临床疗效。结果：应用MPCNL治疗的60名患者中,结石清除的有55名,清除率为91．17％,手术时间平均为77分钟,住院时间平均为5-3天。术中平均出血100mL,术后发生大出血者一例,经输血后好转,术后发热者38例,发热比例为63-3％,尿液转清时间平均为2．5天。应用开放式手术的60名患者中,结石清除的有39例,清除率为65．0％,平均手术之间为112分钟,住院时间平均为18．1天,术中平均出血380mL,术后发生大出血者9例,经输血后好转,术后发热者43例,发热比例为71．2％,尿液转清时间平均为8．6天。结论：MPCNL方法治疗上尿路结石的效果明显比开放式手术好,具有清除率高、手术时间短、术后并发症少、术后感染少以及患者恢复快的优点。     

腋下小切口在原发性肺癌手术的临床应用

目的:探索腋下小切口实施原发性肺癌切除术的可行性,为传统开胸手术切口的改进打下基础.方法:回顾性分析了70例原发性肺癌患者,其中腋下小切口开胸34例(A组)和标准剖胸切口开胸36例(B组).比较两种开胸方法的切口长度、开胸时间、开胸出血量、实际手术时间、关胸时间、总体手术时间、实际手术时间、淋巴结清扫、术后引流量、下床时间、带管时间、术后杜冷定使用量、术后住院日、术后肩关节活动障碍,术后肺部并发症及术后随访.结果:A组中1例患者打开胸腔发现粘连较重,而延长切口行手术.两组患者术前性别、年龄、身高、体重、BMI、FVC、FEV1/FVC%基本一致的条件下,两组在切口长度、开胸时间、开胸出血量、关胸时间、实际手术时间、术后引流量、下床时间、带管时间、术后使用杜冷丁剂量间数据的比较均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).腋下小切口组肺部并发症发生率低于标准剖胸切口组(P<.05).结论:腋下小切口治疗原发性肺癌,具有术中显露满意、损伤小、出血少、术后疼痛轻、切口美观、功能恢复好等优点,但手术操作略复杂.该切口能满足肺叶、全肺切除术的需要,可作为肺癌手术的一个常规切口.     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效对比分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,比较腹腔及与传统开腹术的优势,为临床研究提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对2008年5月至2012年7月在我院接受肠癌切除术的62例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为腹腔镜组(33例)和开腹组(29例),分别采取腹腔镜手术和传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后排气时间、并发症、平均住院时间及住院费用等。结果:腹腔镜组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、平均住院时间均明显优于开腹组患者(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后无并发症,开腹组11例出现并发症,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的住院费用无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮内镜下空肠造口术在胃癌术后胃排空障碍治疗中的应用

目的:报道经皮内镜下空肠造口术在胃癌术后胃排空障碍治疗中行胃减压及肠内营养支持的治疗效果。方法:28例胃癌术后胃排空障碍的病人在局麻或基础麻醉下行经皮內镜下空肠造口术,术后行胃减压及肠内营养支持?峁?28例患者均操作成功,平均操作时间为(19.5±4.6)min,无严重导管相关并发症。术后第2天开始通过空肠营养管进行肠内营养,平均术后(7.3土1.6)天完全摆脱肠外营养支持。术后平均(19.4土7.7)天恢复胃动力夹闭胃引流管。平均留置时间(35.8士11.8)天,拔管时营养状况较术前明显改善。结论:皮内镜下空肠造口术在胃癌术后胃排空障碍的治疗中能够起到有效的胃减压和营养支持,明显改善患者生活质量。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢冠囊肿254例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢冠囊肿的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析经腹腔镜手术治疗的254例卵巢冠囊肿患者的临床资料.结果:254例全部在腹腔镜下顺利完成,其中行卵巢冠囊肿剥除术219例,卵巢冠囊肿剥除加榆卵管切除术18例,附件切除术17例.囊肿最大者直径约40 cm,直径>12 cm者31例(12.2%).手术时间在10～100min之间,平均(37.1±3.9)min;术中出血约2～50ml,平均(12.1±1.5)ml;术后平均住院日(3.9±0.5)d,均无术中、术后并发症发生.结论:腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢冠囊肿具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点,是治疗卵巢冠囊肿的首选治疗方法.     

腹腔镜手术治疗妇科57 例卵巢囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下手术治疗妇科卵巢囊肿的临床应用价值和手术要点。方法:对2009年5月～2011年5月期间我院57例进行腹腔镜手术的卵巢囊肿患者(巧克力囊肿32例,单纯性浆液性囊腺瘤19例,良性畸胎瘤6例)的手术资料进行回顾性分析。结果:57例腹腔镜手术全部成功,无中转开腹手术,平均手术时间58min,平均术中出血48ml,术后平均住院2.4d,无病理性恶变。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗妇科卵巢囊肿具有术后恢复快、住院时间短,微创、并发感染率低及其他并发症少、安全有效等明显优势,是妇科手术治疗卵巢囊肿的首选术式。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.