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1.
Water treatment of land-based fish farm effluents by outdoor culture of marine diatoms 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The feasibility of using fish farm effluents was evaluated as a source of inorganic nutrients for mass production of marine diatoms. Batch cultures were conducted from May to July 1995 in 16-L outdoor rectangular tanks, homogenized by gentle aeration (0.2 L
air
L–1 h–1). The effluents from the two fish farms studied were both characterized by high concentrations of inorganic materials (NH4-N, PO4-;P, Si(OH)4-Si) and were shown to support production of marine diatoms. Moreover, periodic measurements of inorganic matter levels in the cultures showed that clearance was efficacious (90% in 3–5 days). Water purification efficiency and culture productivity were further increased through appropriate nutrient balancing. When effluents were limited in silicate, addition of Na2SiO3 induced a significant increase in both diatom biomass and nutrient removal efficiency. In this case, up to 720 000 cell mL–1 were produced dominated bySkeletonema costatum. By contrast, in effluents loaded with silicate, adjustment of the N:P:Si ratio by NH4-N and PO4-P supplementation then gave increased biomass production. In this case, the maximum cell density found was 450 000 cell mL–1, dominated byChaetoceros spp.Author for correspondence 相似文献
2.
Mycelium of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) was cultured continuously in liquid medium. The liquid culture was carried out for the production of liquid spawn in the
cultivation of this mushroom on synthetic sawdust substrate, and its performance was compared with that of the solid spawn.
The initial colonization in culture bags was faster with the solid spawn than with the liquid spawn, but after this stage
CO2 production was higher with the liquid spawn than with the solid spawn. For harvesting sufficient amount of good quality mushrooms,
120 d of incubation in bags was needed with the solid spawn, but this was reduced to 90 d for the sawdust blocks using liquid
spawn of less than 50 d old. If continuous culture of the liquid spawn was prolonged over 50 d, immature fruit-bodies or their
initials formed during the period of bag incubation. The solid subcultures of the liquid spawns retained the fruiting characteristics
acquired in the liquid culture. Liquid culture could be a useful tool for breeding of mushrooms. 相似文献
3.
为了提高西洋参不定根的诱导率和生长速度,该研究以西洋参鲜根为外植体,在基本培养基的基础上优化IBA、碳源、氮源和磷源等营养成分。结果表明:西洋参不定根诱导过程可以明显分为外植体脱分化(愈伤化)、再分化(根形成)和根伸长等三个阶段; MS基本培养基更有利于西洋参不定根的诱导,可能与MS培养基中矿质元素含量高有关;当培养基中IBA浓度达到2 mg·L-1时,外植体表面上不定根分布密度大,诱导率达到(96±3.5)%;培养基中添加蔗糖到30 g·L-1时,不定根的诱导效果最好,但继续提高浓度后不定根变短、直径变粗;培养基中NO3-∶NH4+和PO43-浓度分别为20∶10(总氮量30 mmol·L-1)和25.0mmol·L-1时,西洋参不定根诱导率达到最大。结果提示优化培养条件可以显著改善西洋参不定根的诱导和生长,为后续西洋参不定根规模化培养提供理论支持。 相似文献
4.
Mark A. Jackson Patricia J. Slininger 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1993,12(6):417-422
Summary Submerged culture experiments were conducted to determine the optimal nitrogen source for rapidly producing conidia of the bioherbicide,Colletotrichum truncatum. Germination ofC. truncatum conidial inocula in submerged culture occurred most rapidly (>95% in 6 h) in media provided with a complete complement of amino acids. When (NH4)2SO4, urea, or individual amino acids were provided as the sole nitrogen source, conidial germination was less than 20% after 6 h incubation. Conidia production was delayed inC. truncatum cultures grown in media with urea or individual amino acids as nitrogen sources compared to cultures supplied with Casamino acids or complete synthetic amino acid nitrogen sources. The use of methionine, lysine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine or cysteine as a sole nitrogen source severely inhibitedC. truncatum conidia production. Media with synthetic amino acid mixtures less these inhibitory amino acids produced significantly higher conidia yields compared to media with amino acid mixtures containing these amino acids. When various amounts of each individual inhibitory amino acid were added to media which contained amino acid mixtures, cysteine and methionine were shown to be most effective in reducing conidiation. An optimal nitrogen source forC. truncatum conidiation in submerged culture should contain a complete mixture of amino acids with low levels of cysteine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine and tryptophan for rapid conidiation and optimal conidia yield.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. 相似文献
5.
Mortierella alpina was grown in a fed-batch culture using a 12-l jar fermenter with an initial 8-l working volume containing 20 g glucose l−1 and 10 g corn-steep powder l−1. Glucose was intermittently fed to give 32 g l−1 at each time. The pH of culture was maintained using 14% (v/v) NH4OH, which also acted as a nitrogen source. A final cell density of 72.5 g l−1 was reached after 12.5 days with a content of arachidonic acid (ARA) at 18.8 g l−1. These values were 4 and 1.8 times higher than the respective values in batch culture. Our results suggest that the combined feeding of glucose and NH4+ to the growth of M. alpina could be applied for the industrial scale production of ARA. 相似文献
6.
Jun Cheul Ahn Won Seog Chong Young Soon Kim Baik Hwang 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2006,11(2):121-126
Saikosaponin productivity was examined in aBupleurum falcatum L. BFHR2 hairy root culture in response to changes in the sucrose content (2≈8%), nitrogen content (0≈250 mM NH4NO3), phosphate content (0≈12 mM NaH2PO4), and the potassium content (0≈87.2 mM KCl) of the culture media. We found that the conditions for maximal saikosaponin production
differed from those for optimal root growth. Highest saikosaponin yield was achieved for 8% sucrose, 62 mM NH4NO3, 1.2 mM NaH2PO4, and 0.5 mM KCl. 相似文献
7.
M. A. Abdel-Naby A. I. El-Diwany H. M. Shaker A. -M. S. Ismail 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1992,8(3):267-269
Of 16Streptomyces spp. investigated for the production of extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme, one species was chosen as the most promising producer. Using shaken cultures grown for 7 days, optimal conditions for enzyme production were pH 6.0, 5% (w/v) starch as carbon source, (NH4)2SO4 and soybean flour as nitrogen sources and KH2PO4 at 1.2 g/l. Maximal activity of the crude enzyme was at pH 6.0 and 45°C. Holding the enzyme at 37°C for 2 h decreased the activity by only 10%. 相似文献
8.
In order to accelerate biodegradation of feather into more amino acids, the fermentation medium of feather-biodegrading Streptomyces fradiae
Var
S-221 was optimized in this paper. In the first optimization step, the effects of feather powder, beet molasses, (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 on amino acids formation were evaluated by using full factorial design. The results showed that feather powder and (NH4)2SO4 had significant and positive effects on feather-biodegradation into amino acids. Then, the method of the steepest ascent
was used to access the optimal region of the two significant factors. In the third step, the concentration of feather powder
and (NH4)2SO4 were further optimized with central composite design and response surface analysis. As a result, the composition of the optimal
medium for S. fradiae Var
S-221 fermentation were as follows (g/100 ml): feather powder, 19.504; beet molasses, 4.0; (NH4)2SO4, 1.467; KH2PO4, 0.3; MgSO4, 0.15; FeSO4, 0.001; ZnSO4, 0.0001; and MnSO4, 0.0001. Using this optimal fermentation medium, the amino acids concentration was increased from 4.61 to 6.13 g/100 ml. 相似文献
9.
Corn-cob was used as a substrate in the production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus TM-55 in a solidstate fermentation. Oxytetracycline was detected on day 4, and reached its maximum on day 8. Optimal conditions for oxytetracycline production were an initial pH of 5.2 to 6.3, an initial moisture content of 64% to 67%, supplementation with 20% (w/w) rice bran or 1.5% to 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 as sole N source, 1.0% (w/w) CaCO3, 2% (w/w) MgSO4.7H2O, and 0.5% (w/w) KH2PO4, with incubation for 8 days at 25 to 30°C. Each g substrate produced 7 to 8 mg oxytetracycline. 相似文献
10.
The growth of four strains of the shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes in solid substrate fermentation in synthetic oak sawdust logs was studied over a 14-week period. Total extracellular phenol oxidase activity and soluble protein were monitored and biomass estimated as the ergosterol content of the fermented sawdust. It was observed that two of the strains had a similar pattern of phenol oxidase activity with two cycles with maxima at 2 and 8 weeks of mycelial growth prior to fruiting. With the other two strains there was a maximum at week 4. For each strain, phenol oxidase activity increased with the cold shock used to induce fruiting. Phenol oxidase activity was not found to be correlated with either soluble protein or total fungal biomass in the fermented sawdust, which were correlated for each strain. Quantification of biomass from submerged liquid culture on the basis of dry weight and ergosterol contents showed that the strains fell into the same two groups with respect to the ergosterol to biomass ratio, which was markedly lower than that for a strain of L. lepideus.Correspondence to: B. C. Okeke 相似文献
11.
Lijun Yu Jianrong Wu Jia Liu Xiaobei Zhan Zhiyong Zheng Chi Chung Lin 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2011,16(1):34-41
A large amount of adenosine triphosphate with high energy phosphate bonds is required for uridine triphosphate regeneration
during curdlan biosynthesis by Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749. To supply high energy for curdlan synthesis, three low-polyphosphates (Na4P2O7, Na5P3O10, and (NaPO3)6) with higher energy phosphate bonds were employed to substitute for KH2PO4-K2HPO4 in fermentation medium. Two genes encoding the polyphosphate metabolizing enzymes, polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase,
were amplified and showed 95% homology to those in Agrobacterium sp. C58 by sequence analysis. The curdlan yields were enhanced by 23 and 134% when phosphate concentrations 0.024 mol/L of
Na5P3O10 and 0.048 mol/L of (NaPO3)6 respectively, were added in the medium. The maximum curdlan yield of 30 ± 1.02 g/L was obtained with the addition of 0.048
mol/L of (NaPO3)6 with 5 g/L CaCO3 in the medium. When CaCO3 was removed from the culture and the three lowpolyphosphates were added, the pH and biomass yield dropped remarkably and
little or no curdlan was produced. The culture containing 0.048 mol/L of (NaPO3)6 was mixed with KH2PO4-K2HPO4 and CaCO3 in the medium, but showed no effect on curdlan production. However, curdlan yield was improved by 49 ∼ 60% when CaCO3 was removed from the medium and KH2PO4-K2HPO4 acted as a buffer. It appears that the positive effect of (NaPO3)6 on curdlan production required the buffering capacity of CaCO3 and the absence of KH2PO4-K2HPO4 competing as a phosphate supplier. 相似文献
12.
Tea waste (TW) was investigated as a new supplement for substrate mixtures in Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. The effects of sawdust (S) based substrates supplemented with TW at the various levels (75S:25TW, 80S:20TW,
85S:15TW, and 90S:10TW) and Ganoderma lucidum strains on yield, biological efficiency (BE) and the chemical composition of fruiting bodies were determined in solid-state
fermentation. Significant differences were found among substrates regarding yield and BE, while yield and BE of the strains
were not different. The substrate formulations producing highest yield and BE were 80S:20TW (87.98 g/kg substrate and 34.90%)
and 75S:25TW (82.30 g/kg substrate and 31%). Yield and BE of substrates containing TW were generally higher than that of the
control (80sawdust:18wheat bran:1sucrose:1 CaCO3). Nitrogen, potassium, iron, and manganese contents and C:N ratios of substrates were strongly correlated with yield. BE
showed positive and significant correlations with potassium, iron and manganese. Moisture content, potassium, magnesium, calcium,
iron, and zinc contents of the fruiting bodies were affected by both strain and substrate. It was concluded that TW can be
used as a supplement for substrate preparation in G. lucidum cultivation. 相似文献
13.
Xuefeng Wu Shaotong Jiang Mo Liu Lijun Pan Zhi Zheng Shuizhong Luo 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2011,38(4):565-571
Semicontinuous fermentation using pellets of Rhizopus oryzae has been recognized as a promising technology for l-lactic acid production. In this work, semicontinuous fermentation of R. oryzae AS 3.819 for l-lactic acid production has been developed with high l-lactic acid yield and volumetric productivity. The effects of factors such as inoculations, CaCO3 addition time, and temperature on l-lactic acid yield and R. oryzae morphology were researched in detail. The results showed that optimal fermentation conditions for the first cycle were: inoculation
with 4% spore suspension, CaCO3 added to the culture medium at the beginning of culture, and culture temperature of 32–34°C. In orthogonal experiments, high
l-lactic acid yield was achieved when the feeding medium was (g/l): glucose, 100; (NH4)2SO4, 2; KH2PO4, 0.1; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.33; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.15; CaCO3, 50. Twenty cycles of semicontinuous fermentation were carried out in flask culture. l-lactic acid yield was 78.75% for the first cycle and 80–90% for the repeated cycles; the activities of lactate dehydrogenases
(LDH) were 7.2–9.2 U/mg; fermentation was completed in 24 h for each repeated cycle. In a 7-l magnetically stirred fermentor,
semicontinuous fermentation lasted for 25 cycles using pellets of R. oryzae AS 3.819 under the optimal conditions determined from flask cultures. The final l-lactic acid concentration (LLAC) reached 103.7 g/l, and the volumetric productivity was 2.16 g/(l·h) for the first cycle;
in the following 19 repeated cycles, the final LLAC reached 81–95 g/l, and the volumetric productivities were 3.40–3.85 g/(l·h). 相似文献
14.
Summary The present study reports that a revised nutrient concentration in the basal medium improved shoot bud induction and subsequent
plant regeneration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. BL-2). Cultures were raised from immature embryos on MSB5 medium supplemented with picloram. Concentrations of five nutrients were varied. The effect of these nutrients was investigated
on (1) induction, (2) induction and subculture, and (3) induction, subculture and regeneration stages. The basal MSB5 medium was not optimal for each phase of barley culture. Decreased ammonium nitrate, increased potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
sodium molybdate, cobalt chloride, and addition of glycine enhanced shoot bud induction and plant regeneration. The different
media that were optimal for immature embryo culture were: MSB5 medium supplemented with 20.70 μM picloram, 10.30 mM NH4NO3, 6.25 mM KH2PO4, 2.06 μM Na2MoO4, 0.55 μM CoCl2, and 26.64 μM glycine (for induction); MSB5 medium supplemented with 12.47 μM picloram, 10.30 mM NH4NO3, and 0.55 μM CoCl2 (for subculture); and MSB5 medium supplemented with 0.2 μM picloram and 10.3 mM NH4NO3 (for regeneration). Primary cultures required 6wk (without transfer) for morphogenic callus formation. Callus required 4wk
of subculture and another 4wk on regeneration medium for optimal plant regeneration. The revised medium could also promote
regeneration of the recalcitrant barley genotype RD-2552. Histological analysis showed that the major pathway of differentiation
was through shoot bud formation. 相似文献
15.
Di Chen Yuan Xue Mianhua Chen Zhenjing Li 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2016,46(8):772-779
Microbial fermentation of citrinin-free Monascus pigments is in favor in the development of food industry. This study investigated the influences of carbon source, nitrogen source, and mineral salts on the cell growth, monascin (MS), and citrinin (CT) production in Monascus M9. A culture medium composition was established for maximizing the production of citrinin-free MS in submerged culture, as follows: 50?g/L Japonica rice powder, 20?g/L NH4NO3, 3?g/L NaNO3, 1.5?g/L KH2PO4, 1?g/L MgSO4?·?7H2O, 0.2?g/L MnSO4. Under these conditions, no CT was detectable by high performance liquid chromatography. The yield of MS reached 14.11?mg/g, improving approximately 30% compared with before optimization. 相似文献
16.
Selective production of bikaverin in a fluidized bioreactor with immobilized Gibberella fujikuroi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Escamilla-Silva Eleazar Poggi-Varaldo Héctor De la Torre-Martínez M. Mayra Sanchez Cornejo M.A. Guadalupe Dendooven Luc 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(5):469-474
The best culture medium composition for the production of bikaverin by Gibberella fujikuroi in shake-flasks, i.e. 100 g glucose l–1; 1 g NH4Cl l–1; 2 g rice flour l–1; 5 g KH2PO4 l–1 and 2.5 g MgSO4 l–1, was obtained through a fractional factorial design and then scaled-up to a fluidized bioreactor. The effects of carbon and nitrogen concentrations, inoculum size, aeration, flow rate and bead sizes on batch bikaverin production using immobilized G. fujikuroi in a fluidized bioreactor were determined by an orthogonal experimental design. Concentrations of up to 6.83 g bikaverin l–1 were obtained when the medium contained 100 g glucose l–1 and 1 g NH4Cl l–1 with an inoculum ratio of 10% v/v, an aeration rate of 3 volumes of air per volume of medium min–1, and a bead size of 3 mm. Based on dry weight, the bikaverin production was 30–100 times larger than found in submerged culture and approximately three times larger than reported for solid substrate fermentation. 相似文献
17.
Quillaguamán J Doan-Van T Guzmán H Guzmán D Martín J Everest A Hatti-Kaul R 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,78(2):227-232
High poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) content and volumetric productivity were achieved by fed-batch culture of Halomonas boliviensis using a defined medium. Initial shake flask cultivations in a minimal medium revealed that the growth of H. boliviensis was supported only when the medium was supplemented with aspartic acid, glycine, or glutamine. Addition of 0.1% (w/v) glutamine in the medium resulted in the highest cell dry weight (CDW; 3.9 g l−1). Glutamine was replaced by the less expensive monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the medium without any notable change in the
final cell density. Effect of initial concentrations of NH4Cl and K2HPO4 on cell growth and PHB accumulation by H. boliviensis was then analyzed using a fed-batch fermentation system. The best conditions for PHB production by H. boliviensis were attained using 0.4% (w/v) NH4Cl and 0.22% (w/v) K2HPO4 and adding MSG intermittently to the fermentor. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) content and CDW reached 90 wt.% and 23 g l−1, respectively, after 18 h of cultivation. In order to increase CDW and PHB content, MSG, NH4Cl, and K2HPO4 were initially fed to the fermentor to maintain their concentrations at 2%, 0.4%, and 0.22% (w/v), respectively, and subsequently their feed was suppressed. This resulted in a CDW of 44 g l−1, PHB content of 81 wt.%, and PHB volumetric productivity of 1.1 g l−1 h−1. 相似文献
18.
Rozita Omar M. A. Abdullah M. A. Hasan M. Marziah M. K. Siti Mazlina 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2005,10(3):192-197
The effects of macronutrients (NO3
−, NH4
+ and PO4
3−) on cell growth and triterpenoids production inCentella asiatica cell suspension cultures were analyzed using the Box-Behnken response surface model experimental design. In screening and
optimization experiments, PO4
3− as a single factor significantly influenced cell growth where increasing the phosphate level from 0.1 to 2.4 or 2.6 mM, elevated
cell growth from 3.9 to 14–16 g/L. The optimum values predicted from the response surface model are 5.05 mM NH4
+, 15.0 mM NO3
− and 2.6 mM PO4
3−, yielding 16.0 g/L cell dry weight with 99% fitness to the experimental data. While the NH4
+-NO3
− interaction influenced cell growth positively in the optimization experiment, NH4
+ and NO3
− as single factors; and interactions of NO3
−-PO4
3−, NH4
+-PO4
3− and NH4
+-NO3
− were all negative in the screening experiment. Cell growth and the final pH level were positively affected by PO4
3−, but negatively affected by NH4
+ and NH4
+-PO4
3− interactions. The different effects of factors and their interactions on cell growth and final pH are influenced by a broad
or narrow range of macronutrient concentrations. The productions of triterpenoids however were lower than 4 mg/g cell dry
weight. 相似文献
19.
Y. Sudheer Kumar S. Varakumar O. V. S. Reddy 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(11):1973-1980
Mango peel is one of the major wastes from fruit processing industries, which poses considerable disposal problems and ultimately
leads to environmental pollution. The objective of the current research was to determine the significant parameters on the
production of polygalacturonase from mango peel which is a major industrial waste. Solid state culture conditions for polygalacturonase
production by Fusarium moniliforme from dried mango peel powder were optimized by Taguchi’s L-18 orthogonal array experimental design methodology. Eight fungal
metabolic influencing variables, viz. temperature, mango peel, inoculum, peptone, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) were selected to optimize polygalacturonase production. The optimized parameters composed of temperature (30°C), mango peel
(6.5%, g, w/v), inoculum (8%, ml, v/v), peptone (1%, g, w/v), NH4NO3 (0.60%, g, w/v), MgSO4 (0.05%, g, w/v), ZnSO4 (0.06%, g, w/v) and KH2PO4 (0.4%, g, w/v). Based on the influence of interaction of fermentation components of fermentation, these could be classified
as the least significant and the most significant at individual and interaction levels. The temperature, inoculum level, mango
peel substrate and KH2PO4 showed maximum production impact at optimized conditions. From the optimized conditions the polygalacturonase activity was
maximized to 43.2 U g−1. 相似文献
20.
Spore production of Bacillus subtilis from distillery effluent was optimized using statistically-based experimental designs. The two-level Plackett–Burman design
was applied to choose the nutrient supplements significantly influencing spore production. Among the seven variables we tested,
the most significant variables influencing spore production were statistically elucidated for optimization, and included (NH4)2SO4, corn flour and MgSO4. The optimum concentration of each significant variable was then predicted using Box–Behnken design. A second-order polynomial
was determined by the multiple regression analysis of this experimental data. The optimum values for the critical nutrient
supplements for the maximum were obtained as followed: (NH4)2SO4, 4.54%; corn flour, 1.2%; MgSO4, 0.56% with the corresponding value of maximum spore production of 7.24 × 108 spores/ml. A verification experiment performed under the optimum conditions resulted in 6.95 × 108 spores/ml. The determination coefficient (R
2) was 0.98, which ensure an adequate credibility of the model. 相似文献