浙江省龙胆科药用植物资源

本文介绍浙江省龙胆科药用植物种类、地理分布、化学成分、本草记载、临床疗效等,并对药用资源合理利用提出建议。     

龙胆科植物放异彩

龙胆科全为草本植物,有80属700种,中国有22属427种,主产于西南高山地区。龙胆释名在我国古代,“龙胆”之名主要见于中药典籍中。早在《神农本草经》中,龙胆就被列为上品药材之一。李时珍在体草纲目冲,引用其它文献对“龙胆”有如下解释：‘对如龙葵,味苦如胆,因以为名。”笔者在野外,曾亲口尝过龙胆科植物的叶,那味道确实极苦。龙胆科内最大的家族为龙胆属（Centiana）,共有400种左右,分布几乎遍及世界各洲,中国有247种,大多数僻居西南山区,以高山流石滩、草甸和灌丛中为习见。龙胆属的拉丁名Gentiana来自亚得里亚海古国伊…     

药用植物灯笼草的化学成分研究

从药用植物灯笼草(Clinopvdium polycephalum)中分离鉴定了5个化合物。其中主要成分为乌索酸(ursolic acid,Ⅰ),其余4个分别鉴定为:异樱花素(isosakuranetin.Ⅱ),香蜂草甙(didymin,Ⅲ),6'-十六碳酸酯基-α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(6’-Palmityl-α-spinasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside,Ⅳ a)和十八碳酸酯基-α-波甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(6’-stearyl-α-spinasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside,Ⅳ b)。上述化合物在该植物中均为首次报道。     

江西龙胆科药用植物资源

介绍了江西龙胆科药用植物的种类、分布及资源,对该科药用植物资源的合理开发利用提出了建议。     

胀果甘草的化学成分

本文报道从甘肃产胀果甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.)中分出12种成分,其中8种为黄酮类化合物,即甘草查尔酮甲（licochalcona A.),甘草查尔酮乙（licochalcone B),甘草黄酮（licoflavone),甘草甙（liquiritin),甘草甙元（liquiritigenin),异甘草甙元（isoliquiritigenin),芒柄花甙（ononin)和4,7－二羟基黄酮（4,7－dihydroxyflavone),另外3种为三萜类化合物,即甘草酸（glycyrrhizic acid),甘草次酸（glycyrrhetinic acid)和11－脱氧甘草次酸（11－deoxyglycyrrhetinic acid)以及β-谷甾醇（－sitosterol)。其中除甘草查尔酮甲外,其余均为首次从胀果甘草中分得,4,7－二羟基黄酮和芒柄花甙为首次从本属植物中分得。     

鼎湖山药用植物资源调查分析

经调查,鼎湖山国家自然保护区共有药用植物193科677属1 077种,含蕨类植物32科55属85种1 变种,裸子植物7科10属12种,被子植物154科612属979种;对其中具有特色的中草药作了重点介绍,并提 出合理开发利用及保护建议。     

中国药用植物资源开发利用研究的回顾与展望

本文对药用植物资源开发的方法学进行了讨论,并简要综述了近年来我国在药用植物资源开发利用研究方面的成就,还就药用植物资源开发利用中的一些重要问题:生物多样性的保护;资源数据库的建立及管理;新技术和新方法的引进以及中药外向过程中资源的宏观调控管理等进行了讨论。     

黄酮类化合物在药用植物中的分布

将蕨类植物、裸子植物、被子植物的32个科的50种植物所含的黄酮类化合物列举出来,可以作为进一步开发药用价值以及进行植物分类的依据。     

A potential antioxidant resource: Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants

Medicinal plants and their endophytes are important resources for discovery of natural products. Several previous studies have found a positive correlation between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of many medicinal plant extracts. However, no information is available on whether such a relationship also exists in their endophytic fungal metabolites. We investigated the relationship between TAC and TPC for 292 morphologically distinct endophytic fungi isolated from 29 traditional Chinese medicinal plants. The antioxidant capacities of the endophytic fungal cultures were significantly correlated with their total phenolic contents, suggesting that phenolics were also the major antioxidant constituents of the endophytes. Some of the endophytes were found to produce metabolites possessing strong antioxidant activities. Several bioactive constituents from the fungal cultures and host plant extracts were identified. This investigation reveals that the metabolites produced by a wide diversity of endophytic fungi in culture can be a potential source of novel natural antioxidants.     

浙江新昌县药用植物资源研究

对浙江新昌县植物资源作了系统调查。经鉴定并根据已掌握的资料,新昌县有药用维管植物155科 504属807种,其中蕨类植物20科34属51种,种子植物135科470属756种。按其药用功能划分成清热药、 解表药等十类,并对每一类的药用功能作了详细介绍。进一步发现在新昌药用植物中有22种属于国家级或 省级珍稀植物。最后对新昌县药用植物资源的保护和持续利用提出了建议。     

Complement modulating activity of Rwandan medicinal plants

Forty-two ethanolic extracts of thirty-six Rwandan medicinal plants were investigated for their influence on complement-mediated hemolysis. The plants were selected on the base of their ethnomedicinal use in infections and autoimmune diseases. Eight plant extracts showed an inhibitory activity against the classical pathway of the complement system and ten plant extracts against the alternative pathway. Three plant extracts exhibited an interesting activity against both pathways, i.e. Aspilia pluriseta, Coleus kilimandschari, and Macaranga kilimandscharica (leaves and stem). Further study indicated that the complement inhibitory activity was not caused by chelation of bivalent cations or by direct action on the target erythrocytes.     

药用植物中UGT家族研究进展

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,UGT)家族是植物体内最大的糖基转移酶家族。编码合成UGT的基因属于UGT基因家族。UGT催化的糖基化反应广泛地存在于药用植物次生代谢物质的合成过程中。作为代谢通路中的下游修饰,供体分子在UGT的催化下,将糖基连接到受体分子上。这一过程往往会改变终产物的理化及生物学性质,最终影响其实际的利用价值及利用方式。本文综述分析了药用植物UGT家族基因挖掘分析、功能验证和生产应用等方面近年来的研究进展。     

Correlation between five minerals and the healing effect of Brazilian medicinal plants

A great many Brazilian medicinal plants are used in wound healing. They are usually applied directly to wounds, somein natura as poultices, some as dried powders, and others as water extracts (teas) for bathing. Sixteen plants from the Atlantic Rain Forest of the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil were analyzed to determine the concentration of five minerals: silicon, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc to study their possible role in the healing processes. The analysis was performed in plant samples and in teas prepared from them. There appears to be a correlation between the healing effect of the plants and their content of these element.     

生态环境对药用植物有效成分的影响

本文概述了光照、温度、土壤、水分、生物因子等生态因子对药用植物有效成分的形成和含量的影响,为药用植物资源的合理开发、利用以及药用植物的引种、栽培提供参考。