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1.
Contrasting genetic patterns between two coexisting Eleutherococcus species in northern China 下载免费PDF全文
Sheng‐Hong Wang Lei Bao Tian‐Ming Wang Hong‐Fang Wang Jian‐Ping Ge 《Ecology and evolution》2016,6(10):3311-3324
Climate oscillations are the key factors to understand the patterns in modern biodiversity. East Asia harbors the most diverse temperate flora, largely because an extensive terrestrial ice cap was absent during repeated Pleistocene glaciation–interglacial cycles. Comparing the demographic histories of species that are codistributed and are close relatives may provide insight into how the process of climate change influences species ranges. In this study, we compared the spatial genetic structure and demographic histories of two coexisting Eleutherococcus species, Eleutherococcus senticosus and E. sessiliflorus. Both species are distributed in northern China, regions that are generally considered to be sensitive to climatic fluctuations. These regions once hosted temperate forest, but this temperate forest was replaced by tundra and taiga forest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), according to pollen records. Using three chloroplast DNA fragments, we assessed the genetic structure of 20 and 9 natural populations of E. senticosus and E. sessiliflorus, respectively. Extremely contrasting genetic patterns were found between the two species; E. sessiliflorus had little genetic variation, whereas E. senticosus had considerably higher levels of genetic variation (15 haplotypes). We speculated that a recent severe bottleneck may have resulted in the extremely low genetic diversity in E. sessiliflorus. In E. senticosus, populations in Northeast China (NEC) harbored all of the haplotypes found in this species and included private haplotypes. The populations in NEC had higher levels of genetic diversity than did those from North China (NC). Therefore, we suggest that both the NC and NEC regions can sustain LGM refugia and that lineage admixture from multiple refugia took place after the LGM elevated the local genetic diversity in NEC. In NEC, multiple genetic hot spots were found in the Changbai Mountains and the Xiaoxing'an Range, which implied that multiple locations in NEC may sustain LGM refugia, even in the Xiaoxing'an Range. 相似文献
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Rapid propagation of Eleutherococcus senticosus via direct somatic embryogenesis from explants of seedlings 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Explants from three different parts (cotyledon, hypocotyl or root) of one week-old seedlings of Eleutherococcus senticosus were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D. Somatic embryos were formed directly from the surfaces of explants. The frequency of direct somatic embryo formation
was the highest in the hypocotyl segments (75%) as compared to cotyledon (56%) or root segments (12%). When hypocotyl explants
from 3 different stages of seedlings (zero, one or three week-old) were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg l-1 2,4-D, the frequency of somatic embryo formation rapidly declined as the zygotic embryos germinated. However most somatic
embryos (93%) from explants of zygotic embryos developed as fused state (multiple embryo), whereas somatic embryos (over 89%)
from more developed seedlings developed into single state (single embryo). Single embryos germinated and regenerated into
plantlets with both shoots and roots, while multiple embryos only regenerated into only multiple shoots. Plantlets that regenerated
from single embryos of E. senticosus were acclimatized in a greenhouse.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Haohao Wang Chen Chen Ruijuan Liu Xu Wang Yan Zhao Zhaowei Yan Enbo Cai Hongyan Zhu 《化学与生物多样性》2021,18(1):e2000830
A rich of 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids including chiisanoside (CSS), divaroside (DVS), sessiloside-A1 (SSA) and chiisanogenin (CSG) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus. On the basis of previous studies, this article focused on four important components of 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids in Acanthopanax sessiliflorus leaves and explored their protective effects against aconitine-induced cardiomyocyte injury and their molecular mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids could effectively increase cell viability, reduce CK-MB and LDH activities, reduce ROS production, maintain calcium concentration balance, and inhibit apoptosis, with divaroside having the best effect. In addition, Western blot results showed that divaroside down-regulated Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression through activating the PI3 K/AKT pathway. However, the LY294002 inhibitor reversed this situation. This suggests that 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids may be a new hotspot for potential myocardial protective drugs research. 相似文献
4.
刺五加甲羟戊酸焦磷酸脱羧酶基因的克隆与表达分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用RACE技术克隆刺五加甲羟戊酸焦磷酸脱羧酶(mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase,MDD)基因的全长cDNA序列,运用生物信息学方法对该基因进行分析,并通过RT-PCR法检测MDD在刺五加不同生长发育时期和不同器官中的表达情况。结果表明:(1)刺五加MDD基因cDNA序列全长1 769bp(GenBank登录号为JQ905594),开放阅读框全长1 263bp,编码420个氨基酸残基,包含GHMP激酶超家族的特异性识别序列;刺五加MDD蛋白的二级结构中含有161个α螺旋,占38.33%;68个延伸链,占16.19%;19个β折叠,占4.52%;172个无规则卷曲,占40.95%;刺五加MDD蛋白无跨膜区域,定位于膜外。(2)刺五加MDD基因在不同生长发育时期和器官中均有表达,但表达量具有显著差异(P<0.05)。在整个生长期中,MDD的表达呈现高-低-高-低的变化趋势,第一个表达高峰出现在萌芽期至叶片完全展开时,第二个高峰出现在果实体积快速增长期,最高表达量(叶片完全展开期)为最低表达量(叶片衰老期)的4.51倍;不同器官中,幼茎的表达量最高,为最低表达量(叶片)的7.22倍,但叶片、叶柄和根中的表达量差异不显著。研究结果为阐明刺五加皂苷的生物合成及对其进行表达调控奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Summary. Eleutherococcus senticosus zygotic embryos were pretreated with 1.0 M mannitol or sucrose for 3–24 h. This pretreatment resulted in a high frequency
of somatic-embryo formation on hormone-free medium. All the somatic embryos developed directly and independently from single
epidermal cells on the surface of zygotic embryos after plasmolyzing pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopic observation
revealed that the epidermal cells of hypocotyls rapidly became irregular and showed a random orientation before somatic-embryo
development commenced. At the same time, the epidermal cells in the untreated control remained regular. Callose concentration
determined by fluorometric analysis increased sharply in E. senticosus zygotic embryos after plasmolyzing pretreatment but remained low in the untreated control. Aniline blue fluorescent staining
of callose showed that the plasmolyzing pretreatment of zygotic embryos resulted in heavy accumulation of callose between
the plasma membrane and cell walls. On the basis of these results, we suggest that plasmolyzing pretreatment of zygotic embryos
induces the accumulation of callose, and the interruption of cell-to-cell communication imposed by this might stimulate the
reprogramming of epidermal cells into embryogenically competent cells and finally induce somatic-embryo development from single
cells.
Correspondence and reprints: Division of Forest Resources, College of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon
200-701, Republic of Korea. 相似文献
7.
A. M. Shohael M. B. Ali E. J. Hahn K. Y. Paek 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,89(2-3):121-129
Compared to non-embryogenic callus, proembryonic mass, globular, and heart-shaped embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosus had higher levels of endogenous reduced glutathione (GSH). GSH content declined during the course of the embryo development
(torpedo and cotyledon). Similarly, glutathione reductase that is involved in the recycling of GSH providing a constant intracellular
level of GSH was also higher in globular and heart-shaped embryos. The transient increase in GSH contents also correlated
with the changes in measured γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity over the same period. The endogenous levels of oxidized
glutathione showed similar trend during development of the somatic embryos, whereas it declined in maturing somatic embryos.
A pronounced increase in glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity was
observed during somatic embryo maturation. Ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase; dehydroascorbate reductase
and monodehydroascorbate reductase) activities also induced indicated that antioxidant enzymes played an important role during
embryo development. These results suggested that the coordinated up-regulations of the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione
redox system provide protection during somatic embryo development in E. senticosus. Antioxidant responses through alterations of the glutathione redox systems, have been described in the present studies have
a significant role in somatic embryo development. 相似文献
8.
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Yun-Soo Kim Milen I. Georgiev Kee-Yoeup Paek 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(17):7319-7329
Eleutherosides, the phenylpropanoid and lignan glycosides, are the active ingredients accumulated in the roots and stems of Eleutherococcus species and in Eleutherococcus senticosus in particular. Syringin (=eleutheroside B) and (?) syringaresinol-di-O-β-d-glucoside (=eleutheroside E) appear as the most important bioactive compounds which are used as adaptogens, besides their abundant antidiabetic and anticancer properties. As the availability of “Eleuthero” is becoming increasingly limited because of its scanty natural distribution, the production of these compounds by biotechnological means has become an attractive alternative. In E. senticosus and other closely related species, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Eleutherococcus chiisanensis, and Eleutherococcus koreanum, organogenic cultures have been induced for the production of eleutherosides. Bioreactor cultures have been established and various parameters, which influence on the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites, have been thoroughly investigated. Pilot-scale cultures have also been accomplished for the large-scale production of somatic embryos containing abundant amounts of eleutherosides. This review describes the biotechnological approaches and challenges for the production of eleutherosides. 相似文献
9.
Zhuravlev Yu. N. Artyukova E. V. Kozyrenko M. M. Reunova G. D. 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2003,39(1):46-51
A molecular genetic study of Far Eastern species of the family Araliaceae by means of RAPD analysis was conducted. Using 21 primers we assessed variability at 595 loci. Based on matrices of genetic distances D, dendrograms of genetic relationships among eleven species of this family were constructed. Our results suggest that Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Eleutherococcus senticosus belong to different genera, Aralia cordata andA. continentalis are different species, and A. elata and A. mandshurica probably cannot be regarded as distinct species. Genetic similarity of Far Eastern A. cordata and American A. hispida is shown. 相似文献
10.
Viola Strompfová Iveta Plachá Klaudia Čobanová Soňa Gancarčíková Dagmar Mudroňová Andrea Lauková 《Central European Journal of Biology》2012,7(3):436-447
There is a current trend to support pet health through the addition of natural supplements to their diet, taking into account
the high incidence of medical conditions related to their immune system and gastrointestinal tract. This study investigates
effects of the plant Eleutherococcus senticosus as a dietary additive on faecal microbiota, faecal characteristics, blood serum biochemistry and selected parameters of cellular
immunity in healthy dogs. A combination of the plant with the canine-derived probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7421 was also evaluated. Thirty-two dogs were devided into 4 treatment groups; receiving no additive (control), dry root
extract of E. senticosus (8 mg/kg of body weight), probiotic strain (108 CFU/mL, 0.1 mL/kg bw) and the combination of both additives. The trial lasted 49 days with 14 days supplementation period.
Results confirm no antimicrobial effect of the plant on the probiotic abundance either in vitro (cultivation test) or in vivo. The numbers of clostridia, lactic acid bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the concentration of serum total protein,
triglyceride, glucose and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly altered according to the treatment group. Leukocyte
phagocytosis was significantly stimulated by the addition of probiotic while application of plant alone led to a significant
decrease. 相似文献
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Abdullah Mohammad Shohael Mohammad Babar Ali Kee-Won Yu Eun-Joo Hahn Kee-Yoeup Paek 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,85(2):219-228
Somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosus were exposed at 12, 16, 24 and 30 °C for duration of 45 days in bioreactor. The effects of such treatments on the growth, eleutheroside B, E, E1, total phenolics, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid concentrations and antioxidant enzymes activities were investigated. The results revealed that low (12 and 18 °C) and high (30 °C) temperature caused significant decrease in fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), total phenolics, flavonoids and total eleutheroside accumulation, while low temperature increased eleutheroside E accumulation in somatic embryos. Low temperature significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities whereas a strong increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity was obtained at 12 °C grown somatic embryos. In contrast, high temperature significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and even guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) activity also decreased at low temperature in comparison to 24 °C grown embryos. These data suggest that low and high temperature treatment provoked an oxidative stress in E. senticosus embryos, as shown by the increase in lipid peroxidation. The increase in lipid peroxidation was paralleled by a rise in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. However, this stress was more prominent at high temperature than low temperature grown embryos. This result suggests that the reduced growth of embryo at 30 °C was concomitant with reduced efficiency of these protective enzymes. On the other hand, increases in antioxidant activities at 12 and 18 °C could also be a response to the cellular damage; however, this increase could not stop the deleterious effects of low temperature, but reduced stress severity thus allowing embryo growth to occur. 相似文献
14.
Abdullah Mohammad Shohael Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy Kee Yoeup Paek 《Biotechnology letters》2014,36(8):1727-1733
Purpose of work
To establish pilot scale bioreactor cultures of somatic embryos of Siberian ginseng for the production of biomass and eleutherosides. Somatic embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosus were cultured in airlift bioreactors using Murashige and Skoog medium with 30 g sucrose l?1 for the production of biomass and eleutherosides. Various parameters including the type of bioreactor, aeration volume, and inoculum density were optimized for 3 l capacity bioreactors. Balloon-type airlift bioreactors, utilizing a variable aeration volume of 0.1–0.3 vvm and an inoculum of 5 g l?1, were suitable for biomass and eleutheroside production. In 500 l balloon-type airlift bioreactors, 11.3 g dry biomass l?1, 220 µg eleutheroside B l?1, 413 µg eleutheroside E l?1, and 262 µg eleutheroside E1 l?1 were produced. 相似文献15.
16.
《Phytomedicine》2020
BackgroundEleutherococcus senticosus or Siberian ginseng is a medicinal plant containing adaptogenic substances believed to regulate immune responses. Both, the root and stem bark are commonly used in traditional medicines.PurposeThe purpose of the present study is to chemically characterize E. senticosus root and bark extracts and to compare their effects on functions of human primary macrophages.Study design and methodsHPLC-DAD-MS analysis was used to characterize chemical constituents of alcoholic extracts from E. senticosus root and bark. The data obtained and available databases were combined for network pharmacology analysis. Involvement of predicted pathways was further functionally confirmed by using monocyte-derived human macrophages and endotoxin-free E. senticosus root and bark extracts.ResultsChemical analysis showed that the root extract contained more syringin, caffeic acid, and isofraxidin than the bark extract. At variance, bark extract contained more sesamin and oleanolic acid. Coniferyl aldehyde and afzelin were below the limit of quantification in both extracts. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that constituents of E. senticosus might affect the immune cell phenotype and signaling pathways involved in cell metabolism and cytoskeleton regulation. Indeed, both extracts promoted actin polymerization, migration, and phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophages pointing to macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype. In addition, treatment with E. senticosus root and bark extracts decreased phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and significantly reduced expression of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 by macrophages. Neither extract affected expression of CD11b, CD80, or CD64 by macrophages. In addition, macrophages treated with the bark extract, but not with the root extract, exhibited activated p38 MAPK and NF-κB and released increased, but still moderate, amounts of proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-6, anti-inflammatory IL-10, and chemotactic CCL1, which all together point to a M2b-like macrophage polarization. Differently, the root extract increased the IL-4-induced expression of anti-inflammatory CD200R. These changes in monocytes are in agreement with an increased M2a macrophage polarization.ConclusionThe ability of E. senticosus root and bark extracts to promote polarization of human macrophages towards anti-inflammatory M2a and M2b phenotypes, respectively, might underlay the immunoregulatory activities and point to potential wound healing promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 相似文献
17.
Studies on the Structure,Afterripening and Cytochemistry of Seeds in Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms
Seeds of Eleutherococcus brachypus Harms were flat-kidney-shaped and their seed
coats were only composed of one layer of cells. Embryos with abundant protein in their cells
were just at the heart-shaped stage and were capped by sacs formed from degenerating endosperm cells when seeds shed from their maternal plants. A large amount of stored protein
grains and lipids existed in endosperm cells but no polysaccharide grains were present either
in endosperm cells or in embryo cells. Viable seeds were only 9.27% of the total. The plump
seeds germinated in the cultivated field after 18~19 months and their germinating rate was
1.67%. Besides, the content of protein decreased gradually and a few polysaccharide grains
were stored in embryo cells during the process. The afterripening process of seeds stratified
at different temperatures ended after 6 months and the cytochemistry features of the seeds
were that the content of protein decreased gradually and numerous polysaccharide grains had
been stored in embryo cells at the late heart-shaped embryo stage and retained till the mature
embryo stage. The structure, afterripening and cytochemistry of seeds were compared between Eleutherococcus brachypus and Eleutherococcus senticosus. The poor quality of the
seeds, longer time of afterripening in a natural state and much lower germination rate of E.
brachypus are considered to be important reasons for the endangerment of this species. Somemeasures are suggested for its conservation based on the above facts. 相似文献
18.
This study deals with the effects of initial inoculum density and aeration volume on biomass and bioactive compound production in adventitious roots of Eleutherococcus koreanum Nakai in bulb-type bubble bioreactors (3-L capacity). While the fresh and dry weights of the roots increased with increasing inoculum density, the highest percentage dry weight and accumulation of total target compounds (eleutheroside B and E, chlorogenic acid, total phenolics, and flavonoids) were noted at an inoculum density of 5.0 g L−1. Poor aeration volume (0.05 vvm) stunted root growth, and high aeration volume (0.4 vvm) caused physiological disorders. Moreover, an inoculum density of 5.0 g L−1 and an aeration volume of 0.1 vvm resulted in the highest concentration of total target compounds and least root death. Such optimization of culture conditions will be beneficial for the large-scale production of E. koreanum biomass and bioactive compounds. 相似文献
19.
N. F. Kushnerova S. E. Fomenko V. G. Sprygin T. V. Kushnerova Yu. S. Khotimchenko E. V. Kondrat’eva L. A. Drugova 《Russian Journal of Marine Biology》2010,36(3):209-214
It was shown in rats that stress is accompanied by a decrease in osmotic resistance and antioxidant protection of erythrocytes
and an increase in their volume and diameter; cholesterol esters were reduced, the amounts of malone dialdehyde, cholesterol,
sphingomyelin, and phospholipid lysofractions were increased. Comparative data on the membrane protecting activity of extracts
of Laminaria japonica and Eleutherococcus senticosus are presented. Administration of these extracts caused the normalization of the parameters of erythrocytes in rats. 相似文献
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Triterpene hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) esters have only been isolated from Castanopsis species, and the distribution of these esters in nature is of chemotaxonomical interest. In this study, the chemical constituents of the leaves of Castanopsis fissa were examined in detail to identify and isolate potential HHDP esters. Together with 53 known compounds, 3,4-di-O-galloyl-1-O-purpurogallin carbonyl quinic acid (1) and 3,24-(S)-HHDP-2α,3β,23,24-tetrahydroxytaraxastan-28,20β-olide (2) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The polyphenols of the leaves were mainly composed of galloyl quinic acids, triterpenes HHDP esters, ellagitannins and flavonol glycosides. In particular, the isolation yields of 1,3,4-trigalloyl quinic acid and compound 2 were 1.53% and 0.27%, respectively, from the fresh leaves. The presence of lipid soluble HHDP esters of oleanane-type triterpenes as one of the major metabolites is an important chemotaxonomical discovery. Lipase inhibition activities and ORAC values of the major constituents were compared. The triterpene HHDP ester showed moderate lipase inhibition activity and myricitrin gave the largest ORAC value. 相似文献