热稳定性酶

酶的热稳定性是酶的重要属性之一。任何导致酶的空间结构变化的因素都影响酶的热稳定性,包括酶液的ｐＨ、缓冲液、离子强度、底物浓度、溶剂等等。热稳定性酶具有提高化学反应速率,简化工艺,降低成本,提高产品质量,活性稳定,耐贮藏等优点。所以寻找热稳定性酶,提高...     

课堂教学随笔:异构酶、变位酶、消旋酶、差向异构酶与互变异构酶

物质代谢过程涉及多种酶的参与,了解这些酶的作用及机制对理解代谢过程非常重要。课堂教学中,我们经常会碰到各种名称的异构酶,包括变位酶、消旋酶、差向异构酶与互变异构酶等,学生难免会混淆彼此的含义。本文拟就生化代谢中的一些反应实例,探讨这几类酶的作用特点。     

天然巴曲酶的酶学性质研究

目的 研究巴西矛头蝮蛇蛇毒中纯化的天然巴曲酶的酶学性质.方法 测定不同的温度、pH值和金属离子等条件对重组定点突变巴曲酶活性的影响.结果 实验表明,该酶在温度30～40℃,pH 6.5～9.0活性较为稳定;其最适反应温度为37℃,pH为7.5;Mg2+、K+和Ca2+离子对酶活有激活作用,而Cu2+、Fe2+和Zn2+离子对该酶有抑制作用.结论 从蛇毒提取的天然巴曲酶酶学性质比较稳定.     

辣根过氧化物酶模拟酶研究进展

辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)是一种常用的工具酶 ,对其模拟酶的研究是近年来生物化学和有机化学的重要课题 ,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文评述了近十年来HRP模拟酶的研究进展。     

极端酶的研究进展

生命科学的迅猛发展大大拓宽了人们对酶的认识。以前,酶被定义为作用于常温、常压、温和PH和离子强度的水溶液中,具有区域专一性、立体专一性和高效催化活性,存在于天然生命体中的蛋白质。而今,酶在分子水平上被视为四类[1]：蛋白质酶（Pepzyme）、核酸酶（ribozyme）、化学酶（chemozyme）和抗体酶（abzyme）,作用范围也大大拓宽。科学家将那些可在非常规条件下作用的酶称之为极端酶（extremozmpe）[2]。依据其来源,极端酶大致可分为三种：（1）从生活在非常规条件下的微生物（细胞）如某些古细菌（archaea）中分离得到的酶：（2）…     

简述几个酶学概念

单体酶（monomericenzyme）、寡聚酶（oligomeri－cenzyme）、多酶复合体（muhltienzymecomplex）、多酶融合体（multienzymeconjugate）等概念之间存在着交叉和重叠现象,本文对其进行了简述。1单体酶由一条肽链组成或由多条肽链组成,但肽链间以共价键结合的酶。例如牛胰核糖核酸酶是由含124个氨基酸残基的一条肽链组成。又例如胰凝乳蛋白酶是由3条肽链组成,队链间由二硫键相连构成一个共价整体。这类合几条肽链的单体酶往往是由一条前体肽链经活化断裂而生成。2寡聚酶由2个或2个以上亚基组成的酶,亚基间以非共价键结合。从结构上看,酶…     

漫谈酶营养和酶的养生保健功能

酶营养学是近年来所形成的抗病抗衰老学说之一,酶营养学家做了大量研究终于明白机体衰老和慢性病根源是由于体酶不足所引起的。不良的生活习惯和饮食可引起消化不良,从而导致体酶的大量损耗,因此提倡改善饮食和生活习惯来节约体酶的消耗以防止体酶之无谓浪费,并多食生鲜果蔬及酶补充剂是延缓衰老、减少慢性病发生的有效措施。     

关于酶促反应速度与酶反应的初速度的教学

酶促反应速度是酶促反应动力学中的一个基本概念。一定条件下 ,酶催化反应的活力大小要由该反应条件下酶促反应速度来反映和确定 :酶促反应速度越小 ,酶活力越小 ;反之 ,酶促反应速度越大 ,酶活力也越大。在研究底物浓度、酶浓度、温度、ｐＨ、激活剂、抑制剂等因素对酶活力的影响时 ,都必须测定酶促反应的速度。为了排除实验中存在的一些干扰 ,一个酶的酶促反应的速度要在酶促反应进行的初期测定 ,即测定所谓的酶促反应的初速度。在教学过程中 ,学生不易弄清楚酶促反应速度与酶促反应的初速度之间的关系。我们发现 :当一般地问起酶反应速度…     

无载体酶稳定化——交联酶晶体

本文涉及到无载体稳定化问题,介绍无载体稳定化新方法－交联酶晶体（Ｃｒｏｓｓ－ＬｉｎｋｅｄＥｎｚｙｍｅＣｒｙｓｔａｌｓ,ＣＬＥＣｓ）它是近年发展起来的新型酶晶体催化剂,具有酶的一般特性,催化活性和选择性高,在温和条件下反应等,又具有非均相化学催化剂的操作稳定性高,易回收利用的特点,ＣＬＥＣｓ技术是将酶结晶技术和化学交联技术结合,提高酶抵抗极端条件以及有机溶剂中的稳定性,并广泛适应于各种各样的蛋白质及     

作为人造极端酶的交联酶晶体

作为人造极端酶的交联酶晶体林影卢荣德郭勇（华南理工大学生物工程系,广州５１０６４０关键词交联酶晶体极端酶酶作为生物催化剂,催化效率高,立体选择性和底物专一性强,是普通化学催化剂所不可比拟的。然而,在酶的应用过程中还有很多令人不满意之处,如在环境中常常...     

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ATTACK BY THE STEM EELWORM, DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI, ON STRAWBERRY

Four biologic races of Ditylenchus dipsaci can cause stem eelworm disease on twelve varieties of strawberry, all but one cultivated in Great Britain. The course of attack on strawberry, host reaction and the ways in which the disease originates and is disseminated are described.     

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN TOXICITY,RESISTANCE, AND TIME OF SURVIVAL,AND ON RELATED PHENOMENA

1. A relation between toxicity, resistance, and time of survival has been derived on the basis of the assumption that the time is a function of a parameter which is the difference between the toxicity and the resistance. Toxicity and resistance act like forces which can maintain an equilibrium-like (or stationary) state. If the equilibrium is upset, the time at which the event (death) occurs is proportional to the logarithm of the difference between toxicity and resistance. 2. It was found that if values proportional to the resistance are calculated with the proposed equation and the percentage mortality plotted against them (instead of against the time as is usual) symmetrical curves are obtained even though the corresponding mortality-time curves are asymmetrical. Assuming that the resistance varies like an error, that is, according to probability rules, theoretical mortality-time curves, similar to the experimental curves, can be constructed from the proposed equations. 3. In the case of a toxic agent acting on a unicellular organism suspended in solution, the toxicity is proportional to the adsorbed amount of the agent, as calculated with the aid of the Langmuir equation. In small concentration ranges the toxicity can be taken as approximately proportional to the concentration. 4. The variation of the temperature affects mainly the constant a which is a function of the temperature similar to that of the velocity constant of a chemical reaction (Arrhenius'' law). 5. The proposed equation has been tested in four different combinations of the variables, concentration, resistance, time, and temperature. The agreement with the experiments is satisfactory. 6. Any noxious agent acting on a unicellular organism may be characterized by three constants: r, the resistance, which is the threshold value at which the agent is still fatally toxic for the organism; a, the reciprocal of the rate constant determining the specific rate (that is, the time corresponding to a difference of 1 between the toxicity and the resistance); and finally the constant γ of the function representing the relation between toxicity and concentration.     

云南哀牢山徐家坝中山湿性常绿阔叶林动态和节律的研究

根据多年定位观察资料,包括从组成种的种子萌发、幼苗生长及成年物种的生长规律和物候节律对湿性常绿阔叶林动态和节律的研究,结果表明：林地种子贮量、可萌发种子量和萌发种数,雨季大于旱季。幼苗生长雨季快于旱季。表明雨季是种子萌发、幼苗生长的最佳季节。立木生长是种间竞争、自我调控、自疏的过程。成年物种各物候期长、不明显与温带阔叶林各物候期短、明显不同,而开花、结果、落果终年进行与西双版纳季节雨林物候节律相似。三者的不同在于季节雨林春季（２～３ 月）落叶,常绿阔叶林冬季（１１～１２ 月）落叶,温带阔叶林秋季（９～１０ 月）落叶。依据物种物候节律特点及其对气候环境的反应区分出３ 种生态物候型：１．暖温生态物候型（占总种数（５０）的８２％ ）;２．温性生态物候型（占１２％ ）;３．温凉生态物候型（占０．６％ ）     

ON CONSENSUS, COLLAPSIBILITY, AND CLADE CONCORDANCE

Abstract — Consensus in cladistics is reviewed. Consensus trees, which summarize the agreement in grouping among a set of cladograms, are distinguished from compromise trees, which may contain groups that do not appear in all the cladograms being compared. Only a strict or Nelson tree is an actual consensus. This distinction has implications for the concept of support for cladograms: only those branches supported under all possible optimizations are unambiguously supported. We refer to such cladograms as strictly supported, in contrast to the semistrictly (ambiguously) supported cladograms output by various current microcomputer programs for cladistic analysis. Such semistrictly supported cladograms may be collapsed, however, by a variety of options in various programs. Consideration of collapsibility and optimization on multifurcations leads to some conclusions on the use of consensus. Consensus tree length provides information about character conflict that occurs between, not within, cladograms. We propose the clade concordance index, which employs the consensus tree length to measure inter-cladogram character conflict for all characters among a set of cladograms.     

哀牢山北段主要森林类型凋落物的研究

 本文研究了哀牢山北段东西坡垂直带上分布的7种森林凋落物的数量、组成、动态变化和化学元素归还量,为了解我国西南季风区山地森林凋落物的养份归还规律,对亚热带山地森林的经营、土壤资源合理的开发、保护及生产力的提高提供了依据。