HB提取条件的优选及其凝血实验研究

目的：探讨HB（一种促凝血草药的简称）提取条件的优选,及其氯仿萃取纯化后水相提取物的体内、外促凝血作用。方法：以家兔、大鼠为研究对象,分为空白组、云南白药对照组和HB氯仿萃取水相提取物组。观察家兔体外凝血时间;及给药10d后大鼠的血生化指标,如凝血酶原（PT）时间、活化部分凝血活酶（APTT）时间、纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量、凝血酶（TT）时间、血小板计数（PLT）。结果：HB水提最优工艺条件是：提取水量10倍,提取温度90℃。提取时间1.5h。体外促凝效果的观察：家兔的四种方法体外凝血时间明显短于空白及云南白药对照组（P〈0.01）,且凝血时间缩短70%以上。体内促凝作用观察：各用药组血小板计数均显著高于空白及云南白药组（p〈0.01）;高（5,10,20mg/kg）剂量组PT时间均显著短于空白组（p〈0.01）,与云南白药组相比无显著性差异（p〉0.05）;各剂量组APTT、FIB、TT较空白及云南白药组无显著性差异。结论：HB氯仿萃取纯化后水相提取物具有良好的体内、外促凝血作用,而其能使血小板计数显著升高是其主要止血机理之一。     

藕节止血作用研究

本实验通过测定毛细管凝血时间(CT)、剪尾法出血时间(BT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、优球蛋白溶解时间(ELT)等指标研究藕节醇提物及其不同极性段的体内止血作用.结果表明,藕节醇提物显著缩短小鼠CT、BT,显示很好的止血作用,可能是主要通过缩短APTT、PT,延长ELT...     

犀角地黄汤化裁方对蛇伤患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的影响

目的观察犀角地黄汤化裁方对血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤出现血分证的患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的影响。方法选择血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤2h内的患者130例,随机分为2组,均给予常规治疗,治疗组加服犀角地黄汤化裁方。于就诊时、咬伤后72h测定其血浆TT、PT、APTT,并进行比较。结果2组患者在初诊时(伤后2h内)血浆TT、PT、APTT无明显差异,均在正常范围内;伤后72h三项指标均升高,对照组显著高于治疗组(P<0.05)。结论犀角地黄汤化裁方能抑制血循毒或混合毒蛇咬伤患者血浆TT、PT、APTT的延长,对蛇伤引起的凝血障碍有防治作用。     

京尼平苷的抗血栓基础研究

目的:明确京尼平苷和京尼平的抗血栓和纤溶的作用效果。方法:用旁路循环血栓形成模型和颈总动脉血栓模型,测定CT、BT、PRT、PT,全血溶栓,计算血栓形成抑制率。结果:试验表明,京尼平苷及其苷元能显著延长凝血、出血时间,减少两个血栓模型的血栓重量,京尼平苷高剂量组与阳性药组相比,溶栓作用具有显著性差异(P<0.05),优于阳性药;京尼平、京尼平苷抗凝血及抗血栓作用与阿司匹林组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:实验表明中药栀子能延长凝血和出血时间,可能有一定的抗血栓和溶栓作用。     

蛇毒纤溶酶的一般药理作用

目的研究蛇毒纤溶酶的药理作用.方法分别以低、中、高三个剂量组(5.0、10.0、20.0u/kg体重)研究蛇毒纤溶酶对麻醉犬颈动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均压、心率、心电图各参数、呼吸频率与幅度、凝血时间及复钙时间的影响.结果蛇毒纤溶酶(5.0、10.0、20.0u/kg)对麻醉犬血压、心率、心电、呼吸频率及呼吸幅度均无明显影响;低剂量(5.0u/kg)组蛇毒纤溶酶对犬凝血时间及复钙时间无明显影响,但中高剂量组(10.0、20.0u/kg)蛇毒纤溶酶可明显延长凝血时间及复钙时间,中剂量组对复钙时间的影响恢复较快;蛇毒纤溶酶对小鼠一般行为,机能协调功能及阈下戊巴比妥钠催眠作用无明显影响;对神经系统无明显影响.结论蛇毒纤溶酶能明显延长血液凝固时间及复钙时间,对循环系统、呼吸系统和神经系统无明显副作用.是一种安全有效的抗凝血药物.     

立止血对家兔止血效果的研究

目的 观察立止血对家兔的止血效果,为该药的临床应用及研究类似产品提供可借鉴的资料。方法 测定家兔静注立止血前、后的因时间和凝血时间值,经统计学分析。结果 静沪立止血后所测不同时估（测至２４ｈ）的出血时间、凝血时间均经注药前自身空白对照缩短,具阶段性。结论 初步证实立止血具有高效、速效、长效、安全的作用特性,同时揭示立止血的止血功能具阶段性的特点。     

一种新的钙依赖性磷脂结合蛋白——Annexin32对血凝及血栓形成的影响

通过探讨一种新的钙依赖性磷脂结合蛋白Annexin32对家兔凝血时间和兔、大鼠血栓形成的影响, 对其主要药效学进行了研究, 并与普通肝素进行了比较. 兔、大鼠静脉给药, 检测用药后不同时间家兔白陶土部分凝血活酶时间(KPTT)、体外血栓形成和大鼠体内血栓形成的变化. 结果显示, 按1 mg/kg静脉注射Annexin32后, KPTT明显延长(P < 0.01), 但小于肝素延长幅度, 体外血栓形成仪测定显示血栓长度、重量均明显减少(P < 0.01), 大鼠体内血栓重量明显降低(P < 0.01), 提示Annexin32具有抗血栓形成的功能, 并有对凝血系统影响小的特征.     

玉蜀黍轴及苞叶对凝血作用的影响

采用体外血浆复钙时间法,以维生素k1作为促凝血和灯盏花素作为抗凝血作用阳性对照,对玉蜀黍轴及苞叶石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物及玉蜀黍苞叶甲醇总浸膏对体外血浆复钙时间的影响进行测定。结果显示玉蜀黍轴正丁醇及苞叶乙酸乙酯提取物,均可显著缩短体外血浆复钙时间(P<0.001);玉蜀黍苞叶石油醚提取物可显著延长体外血浆复钙时间(P<0.001)。提示玉蜀黍轴正丁醇及苞叶乙酸乙酯提取物具有较好的促凝血活性,玉蜀黍苞叶石油醚提取物具有较好的抗凝作用。     

白及非多糖组分止血活性成分研究

初步研究白及非多糖组分(BS-80EE)中止血活性成分.采用超高压液相色谱-电喷雾-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS)联用技术分析BS-80EE中化学成分;利用二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、凝血酶(THR)诱导的血小板聚集实验和小鼠凝血时间(CT)实验初步评价其止血活性.结果显示,从BS-80EE...     

降纤酶对急性脑梗死患者血清C 反应蛋白、神经功能缺损及凝血时间的影响

目的:探讨降纤酶对急性脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及凝血时间的影响。方法:将2011年7月至2015年7月医院收治的86例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组43例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注降纤酶,10U/次,1次/2d,两组患者均治疗2周为1个疗程。比较两组患者治疗前后患者部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)水平,分别于治疗前、治疗1周、治疗2周检测两组患者血清CRP水平及评价NIHSS评分。结果:治疗组总有效率为88.4%(38/43),对照组为69.8%(30/43),治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者APTT、PT均较治疗前显著升高,且治疗组治疗后APTT、PT显著高于对照组,异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者NIHSS评分、血清CRP水平均呈降低趋势,治疗后1周、2周两组患者NIHSS评分、血清CRP水平显著低于治疗前(P0.05);治疗组治疗后各时段NIHSS评分、血清CRP水平显著低于同时点对照组(P0.05)。结论:降纤酶能够延长急性脑梗死患者凝血时间,降低血清CRP水平,部分恢复患者神经功能。     

Does gantry rotation time influence accuracy of volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) in modern CT?

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a gantry overrun corrected CTDI_vol (cCTDI_vol) dosimetry and evaluate the differences between the displayed CTDI_vol (dCTDI_vol), measured CTDI_vol (mCTDI_vol), and the cCTDI_vol.Methods and materialsThe each 8 rotation times between 275 and 1000 ms of two CT scanners were investigated. Rotation time (T_rot) and the beam-on time (T_beam) in axial scanning were measured accurately to determine the gantry overrun time (T_over) as T_beam − T_rot. Subsequently, mCTDI_vol was measured by using a 100 mm ionization chamber and CTDI phantoms. Furthermore, we introduced a gantry overrun correction factor (C_o = T_rot/T_beam) to obtain cCTDI_vol. Upon completion of the data acquisition, the dCTDI_vol and mCTDI_vol were compared with the cCTDI_vol.ResultsThe discrepancies of T_rot were 0.2 ± 0.2 ms as compared to the preset rotation times, and T_over was machine-specific and almost constant (22.4 ± 0.5 ms or 45.1 ± 0.3 ms) irrespective of the preset rotation time. Both dCTDI_vol and mCTDI_vol were increasingly overestimated compared to cCTDI_vol as the faster the preset rotation time was selected (1.7–23.5%).ConclusionThe rotation time influences the accuracy of CTDI_vol in modern CT, and should be taken into consideration when assessing the radiation output in modern CT.     

Chronotype and time metaphors: morning-types conceive time as more friendly and less hostile

Recent studies have shown that diurnal preference (Morningness–Eveningness, also labeled chronotype) is an important predictor of temporal perspectives. In the present paper we draw upon these results in a study aiming to investigate differences between Morning-, Neither- and Evening-types in conceiving time. Based on data gathered from a sample of 316 university students, we analyzed associations between chronotype and dimensions of Time Metaphors Questionnaire. Morning preference was associated with a more positive, friendly view of time, whereas evening preference was related to conceiving time as negative and hostile. The above results were obtained using both dimensional and circadian typology approaches. The results are in line with a growing body of data indicating elevated negative emotionality of Evening-types. Possible mechanisms underpinning these associations are discussed in light of recent developments in the field of chronopsychology.     

The Analysis of the Geometric Structure of the Delayed Time Used in the Embedding Process in Predicting Chaotic Time Series

1IntroductionForaphysicssyStem,onemayonlyobtainapieceOfiofo~ionabbotitSd~edPaces.In~cases,oneorat~SeveralvariableSoftheSyStemismeaSUledasthesyStemevolvesinaclodoftime.ExamplesarethemeaSuredtetnperatUle,blabsP~ofahumanthey;concentrationsof~entsinachendcalreaction,componentsofthevelvetyOfthefluidincertaindirectionSandthefluctuationOfthePriceinasacmarket.AllthesemeasureddatapresentasatIme~esxl,xZ,'.,xj,inwhichthesuhiindexpreSentSthetimeSampledregUlarlybyatimenitedr.Thequestionhereishow…     

A three‐component system incorporating Ppd‐D1, copy number variation at Ppd‐B1, and numerous small‐effect quantitative trait loci facilitates adaptation of heading time in winter wheat cultivars of worldwide origin

The broad adaptability of heading time has contributed to the global success of wheat in a diverse array of climatic conditions. Here, we investigated the genetic architecture underlying heading time in a large panel of 1,110 winter wheat cultivars of worldwide origin. Genome‐wide association mapping, in combination with the analysis of major phenology loci, revealed a three‐component system that facilitates the adaptation of heading time in winter wheat. The photoperiod sensitivity locus Ppd‐D1 was found to account for almost half of the genotypic variance in this panel and can advance or delay heading by many days. In addition, copy number variation at Ppd‐B1 was the second most important source of variation in heading, explaining 8.3% of the genotypic variance. Results from association mapping and genomic prediction indicated that the remaining variation is attributed to numerous small‐effect quantitative trait loci that facilitate fine‐tuning of heading to the local climatic conditions. Collectively, our results underpin the importance of the two Ppd‐1 loci for the adaptation of heading time in winter wheat and illustrate how the three components have been exploited for wheat breeding globally.     

EEG Activity in the Process of Measuring-off of Time Intervals by Humans

We recorded EEG from sites C3 and C4 in an experimental situation with internal counting-off of a 20-sec-long time interval, whose beginning and end were limited by the tested subject by pushing a button; 65 adult men and women took part in the tests. In the first experimental series, the subject obtained no real information on the accuracy in production of the interval. In the second series, such information was displayed by feedback visual signals. We calculated means of the measured intervals ( ), coefficient of variation of the realizations (CV), and, in the series with the real feedback, successfulness of measuring-off (normalized number of fits within an acceptable range of the standard interval, 19 to 21 sec). Analysis of the data obtained in the first experimental series for the entire tested group demonstrated the existence of a reverse dependence between the modal frequency of EEG beta rhythm recorded from the left hemisphere in the course of measuring-off of the interval and the value. In the second series, we found significant negative correlation between the beta rhythm power in both hemispheres and CV, that between the alpha rhythm power in the left hemisphere and , and positive correlation between the alpha rhythm frequency in the left hemisphere and successfulness of the interval counting-off. Analysis of the dynamics of EEG of each tested subject demonstrated the existence of mostly reverse dependences between the powers of a few EEG rhythms and duration of the produced interval. We hypothesize that the frequencies of the alpha and beta EEG oscillations play the role of significant indices reflecting the speed of the internal clock of the individual. We also emphasize the complex nature and the high individual variability of the EEG pattern in the course of measuring-off of time intervals.     

A sulfated fucan from the brown alga Laminaria cichorioides has mainly heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity

The major acidic polysaccharide from the brown alga Laminaria cichorioides is a complex and heterogeneous sulfated fucan. Its preponderant structure is a 2,3-disulfated, 4-linked alpha-fucose unit. The purified polysaccharide has a potent anticoagulant activity, as estimated by APTT assay ( approximately 40 IU/mg), which is mainly mediated by thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II. It also accelerates thrombin and factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin but at a lower potency. Sulfated fucan from L. cichorioides is a promising anticoagulant polysaccharide and a possible alternative for an antithrombotic compound due to its preferential heparin cofactor II-dependent activity.     

Prospects for the biology of human intelligence

Despite the ubiquitous nature of Spearman's g in mental test performance, the charge «intelligence is what intelligence tests test» has not been countered in a satisfactory way. It is proposed that there are two ways to answer this complaint. The first concerns the new hypothesis testing models in factor analysis. The second involves studying the ‘biology of intelligence’. The biology of intelligence has various meanings and four are discussed: biology as theory; biology as race and genetics; biology as neurobiology; and biology as basic psychological processes. The last of these is considered in some detail and it is found that reaction time, evoked potentials and inspection time offer bright prospects for further research on the biology of psychometric intelligence.     

Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle in Elite Female Ice Hockey Players and Figure Skaters

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the incidence of delayed menarche and menstrual dysfunction among elite ice hockey players and figure skaters. Forty-three ice hockey players (23.5 ± 4.8 years, 68.2 ± 1.2 kg, 1.68 ± 0.01 m) and 39 figure skaters (17.5 ± 3.4 years, 53.7 ± 5.8 kg, 1.64 ± 0.05 m) completed a self-administered questionnaire on their menstrual status and history, training regimens and lifestyle. Age at menarche did not differ significantly between ice hockey players (13.3 ± 1.3 years) and figure skaters (13.7 ± 1.4 years). Menarche was unrelated to nationality, vigorous training premenarche or age at which the athlete began her sport, but was correlated with the age at menarche of the athletes’ mothers (r = 0.39, p &lt; 0.05). Hormonal contraceptives were used by 35% of ice hockey players and 15% of the figure skaters. Amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea were experienced by 7.1% and 38.7% of postmenarcheal, ice hockey players and figure skaters respectively not using hormonal contraceptives. Menstrual dysfunction was associated with both age and age at menarche in the ice hockey players only. Training factors, and psychological pressure were perceived by the athletes to contribute to menstrual dysfunction. A greater training volume, younger age at commencing sport, lower body mass, greater subjective body image pressure and younger biological and gynaecological age were reported among the figure skaters, and were proposed to explain the higher incidence of menstrual dysfunction among the figure skaters compared with the ice hockey players. Figure skaters appear at increased risk of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea compared with ice hockey players, which may be linked to training and physical characteristics of the sports.