Zygozyma suomiensis,sp. nov. (Lipomycetaceae), a new species from Finland

A new species of the genus Zygozyma, Z. suomiensis, is described, based on the study of a single strain, derived from a bovine skin lesion.     

Debaryomyces udenii,sp. nov. (Saccharomycetaceae), a new species from soil

A new, soil-associated species of the genus Debaryomyces, D. udenii, is described. The species is characterized by pusticulate rather than verrucate ascospores, and slowly lytic asci.     

Ensifer mexicanus sp. nov. a new species nodulating Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze in Mexico

A new lineage of Ensifer nodulating the American legume Acacia angustissima in the tropical forest of Chiapas and Morelos, Mexico is described. Bacteria were identified as Ensifer with ssb or nolR specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis with partial sequences of the five chromosomal genes gyrA, nolR, recA, rpoB and rrs revealed that this new lineage is related to African Ensifer terangae. The results of total DNA-DNA hybridization and selected phenotypic tests among the A. angustissima strains and E. terangae indicated that they belong to different species. The phylogeny with the symbiotic nifH gene also separates this group as a different clade but with close affinities to bacteria belonging to the genus Ensifer isolated from American hosts. ITTG R7(T) (=CFN ER1001, HAMBI 2910, CIP 109033, ATCC BAA-1312, DSM18446) is the type strain of a new species for which the name Ensifer mexicanus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Alexandrium camurascutulum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): a new dinoflagellate species from New Zealand

A new species, Alexandrium camurascutulum sp. nov. MacKenzie et Todd, is described from specimens collected from Tasman Bay and the Marlborough Sounds New Zealand. These small (26–28 μm long × 21–24 μm wide) cells can be discriminated from other species in the Alexandrium minutum group by three distinctive morphological features. The sixth pre-cingular plate (6′′) is up to 1.6 times wider than high and the left side of the plate is concave resulting in a markedly ‘hooked’ appearance. In all specimens observed, the first apical plate (1′) does not directly connect with the apical pore plate (Po) and the posterior sulcal plate (S.p.) is markedly different from the usual A. minutum form and may contain a posterior attachment pore (pap) connected to the right side plate margin. The cells may or may not have an anterior attachment pore (aap) in the apical pore plate (Po). The cells display a prominent list along the left sulcal margin and the thecal surface is perforated with numerous areolated pores. A. camurascutulum sp. nov. has been observed occasionally over a number of years in coastal waters of the northern South Island of New Zealand. There is circumstantial evidence that suggests it is not toxic.     

New anamorphic yeast species: Candida infanticola sp. nov., Candida polysorbophila sp. nov., Candida transvaalensis sp. nov. and Trigonopsis californica sp. nov

Three new species of Candida and a new species of Trigonopsis are described based on their recognition from phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences from large subunit ribosomal RNA, ITS1/ITS2 rRNA, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA and cytochrome oxidase II. Candida infanticola sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-17858, CBS 7922) was isolated from the ear of an infant in Germany and is closely related to Candida sorbophila. Candida polysorbophila sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27161, CBS 7317) is a member of the Zygoascus clade and was isolated in South Africa as a contaminant from an emulsion of white oil and polysorbate. Candida transvaalensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27140, CBS 6663) was obtained from forest litter, the Transvaal, South Africa, and forms an isolated clade with Candida santjacobensis. Trigonopsis californica sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-27307, CBS 10351) represents a contaminant from wine in California, and forms a well-supported clade with Trigonopsis cantarellii, Trigonopsis variabilis and Trigonopsis vinaria.     

New species of psychrophilic acetogens: Acetobacterium bakii sp. nov., A. paludosum sp. nov., A. fimetarium sp. nov.

Three strains of new acetogenic bacteria were isolated from several low temperature environments. Cells were gram-positive, oval-shaped flagellated rods. The organisms fermented H₂/CO₂, CO, formate, lactate, and several sugars to acetate. Strains Z-4391 and Z-4092 grew in the temperature range from 1 to 30°C with an optimum at 20°C; strain Z-4290 grew in the range from 1 to 35°C with an optimum at 30°C. The DNA G+C content of strains Z-4391, Z-4092, and Z-4290 was 42.1, 41.7, and 45.8 mol% respectively.     

Bullera anomala sp. nov. and Bullera pseudovariabilis sp. nov., two new ballistoconidium-forming yeast species from Yunnan,China

Two ballistoconidium-forming yeast strains, CH 2.504 and CH 2.509, were isolated from the wilting leaves of Parthenocissus sp. collected in Yunnan, China in 1996. These two strains were assigned to the genus Bullera Derx by the characteristics of forming rotationally symmetric ballistoconidia, containing xylose in the cell hydrolysates and having Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences revealed that CH 2.504 is closely related to B. variabilis Nakase & Suzuki, while CH 2.509 is located in a clearly separate clade among the described Bullera species and related taxa. The results indicated that CH 2.509 represents a new species, for which Bullera anomala sp. nov. is the proposed name (type strain AS 2.2094^T). Further DNA-DNA reassociation data showed that CH 2.504 also represents a distinct species, for which the name Bullera pseudovariabilis sp. nov. is given (type strain AS 2.2092^T). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A new species of Genus Triplophysa (Nemacheilinae: Balitoridae), Triplophysa longipectoralis sp. nov, from Guangxi, China

A new species, Triplophysa longipectoralis, is described from Liujiang River, Guangxi, China. The new species is distinguished from other species of Triplophysa by the following combination of characters: pectoral fin highly developed, reaching beyond pelvic-fin origin; eyes present and vestigial; body covered with scales; dorsal and lateral sides of head and body mottled with blotches; dorsal fin emarginate; caudal fin forked; anus close to anal-fin origin. A key to all valid species of Triplophysa in Xijiang River water system is provided. Chen and Yang contributed equally to this paper.     

Alternaria jesenskae sp. nov., a new species from Slovakia on Fumana procumbens (Cistaceae)

Alternaria jesenskae sp. nov. recovered from seeds of a shrubby perennial plant Fumana procumbens (Cistaceae) in Slovakia is described and illustrated. The new taxon can be clearly separated from the other related large-spored and filament-beaked Alternaria species based on sequences of the ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 region as well as by its distinctive morphology. Even though the molecular data have shown close relatedness with A. multirostrata, the new species is morphologically most similar to A. tomatophila distinguished primarily by the pronounced colony pigmentation, conidial septation and beak branching.     

Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov

The taxonomic affiliation was determined for four Xenorhabdus strains isolated from four Steinernema hosts from different countries. As compared to the five validly described Xenorhabdus species, i.e., X. nematophila, X. japonica, X. beddingii, X. bovienii and X. poinarii, these isolates represented novel species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and riboprint patterns, as well as by physiological and metabolic properties. They were named Xenorhabdus budapestensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 16342^T, isolated from Steinernema bicornutum; Xenorhabdus ehlersii sp. nov., type strain DSM 16337^T, isolated from Steinernema serratum; Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., type strain DSM 16336^T isolated from Steinernema scapterisci; and Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov., type strain DSM 16338^T, isolated from Steinernema rarum.     

Thermococcus litoralis sp. nov.: A new species of extremely thermophilic marine archaebacteria

We describe a new species, Thermococcus litoralis, which is different from the type species Thermococcus celer in molecular, morphological and physiological characteristics.Abbreviations 3 x SSC (standard saline citrate) - 0.45 M NaCl 0.045 M Na₃-citrate     

Leucobacter luti sp. nov., and Leucobacter alluvii sp. nov., two new species of the genus Leucobacter isolated under chromium stress

Two strains designated RF6(T) and RB10(T) were isolated, from activated sludge and from river sediments, respectively, both systems receiving chromium contaminated water. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain RF6(T)and strain RB10(T) represented two new species of the genus Leucobacter. Strain RB10(T) can be distinguished from RF6(T) by its ability to grow at 37 degrees C, by showing a different optimum pH, by cell wall amino acids different relative amount and by having the fatty acid strait C16:0 as the third most abundant fatty acid. On the basis of the distinct peptidoglycan composition, 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, DNA-DNA reassociation values, and phenotypic characteristics we are of the opinion that strain RF6(T) represents a new species of the genus Leucobacter for which we propose the name Leucobacter luti (CIP 108818(T)=LMG 23118) and that strain RB10(T) represents an additional new species of the same genus for which we propose the name Leucobacter alluvii (CIP 108819(T)=LMG 23117).     

Phytophthora captiosa sp. nov. and P. fallax sp. nov. causing crown dieback of Eucalyptus in New Zealand

A locally severe crown disease of exotic plantation Eucalyptus trees has been recorded periodically in New Zealand since 1986. Symptoms include leaf spots, petiole infection and twig and small branch lesions. Outbreaks of disease are episodic and individual trees may show marked variation in crown symptoms ranging from unaffected to total defoliation. Two previously unknown species of Phytophthora are associated with the disease. These are described and formally designated here as P. captiosa, from Eucalyptus botryoides and E. saligna; and P. fallax, from E. delegatensis, E. fastigata, E. nitens and E. regnans. Both P. captiosa and P. fallax have non-papillate, non-caducous sporangia and both are self-fertile. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of ITS rDNA sequence data indicates they are closely related to each other but evolutionarily distant from the majority of described Phytophthora taxa. They share a common ancestor with another assemblage of Phytophthora lineages that includes P. insolita, P. macrochlamydospora and P. richardiae. Sporulation of P. captiosa and P. fallax has not been observed in the field. The mode of infection and spread of these non-caducous Phytophthora species in the eucalypt tree canopy remains unknown. This issue, and the possible geographic origins of these two Phytophthora species are discussed.     

Desulfurella multipotens sp. nov., a new sulfur-respiring thermophilic eubacterium from Raoul Island (Kermadec archipelago,New Zealand)

A new moderately thermophilic sulfur-reducing eubacterium was isolated from bottom deposits of Green Lake (Raoul Island, Kermadec archipelago, New Zealand). Cells are short rods, 1.5–1.8 by 0.5–0.7 m, single or in pairs, motile with one polar flagellum, gram-negative with S-layer of subunit structure. Growth occurred between 42 and 77°C with the optimum at 58–60°C and at pH from 6.0 to 7.2 with the optimum at 6.4–6.8. The bacterium was obligately anaerobic and obligately sulfur-respiring, and capable of lithoautotrophic growth on a mineral medium with S° and H₂/CO₂ gas phase. In addition to molecular hydrogen, a wide range of substrates can be utilized as energy source in the presence of elemental sulfur: pyruvate, acetate, butyrate, pentadecanate, palmitate, stearate. Products are CO₂ and H₂S. The G+C content of DNA is 33.5 mol%. DNA-DNA homology with the type species of the genus Desulfurella — Desulfurella acetivorans — is 69±2%. A new species, Desulfurella multipotens sp. nov., with the type strain RH-8 is described.     

The nomenclatural status, ontogeny and morphology of Pholidoteuthis massyae (Pfeffer, 1912) new comb (Cephalopoda: Pholidoteuthidae)

Pholidoteuthis is unusual amongst genera of squid in that the mantle is beset with close-packed dermal cushions (scales). Despite frequent reference to species in this genus, considerable systematic confusion surrounds usage of the generic name, erected prematurely given that the same systematic characters apply for the earlier Tetronychoteuthis Pfeffer, 1900, and species attributed to it. The synonymy and ontogenetic morphology of Pholidoteuthis massyae (Pfeffer 1912) new comb., the senior synonym of P. boschmai Adam, 1950, is reported. The relationship between this species and others referred to Tetronychoteuthis, Lepidoteuthis, the Pholidoteuthidae Adam, 1950, Lepidoteuthidae Pfeffer, 1912 and Octopoteuthidae Berry, 1912, is discussed. A conjectural account of the mechanics of mating in P. massyae is provided based on the nature of spermatophore insertion in the female mantle, and modification to the terminal region of the male’s genital apparatus.