中国长白山齿棘圆珧属一新种(弹尾目:圆珧科)(英文)

本文记述了采自长白山的圆科齿棘贺圆属一新种。此物种与八棘齿棘圆Arrhopalitesocta-CanthusYosii1970相近,但前者通过不同的头顶强棘数弹器基背面刚毛数,不同的齿节刚毛类型及上爪被膜缺如等特征与后者分开。新种最显著的特征是第Ⅵ腹节具有特殊的C系列刚毛。     

中国长角圆属一新种

长角圆属Temeritas属弹尾目圆科 ,其触角特别长,第四节分很多亚节,无胫跗感毛。分布于中美、南美、南非、马达加斯加、印度、越南、澳大利亚及新西兰。中国原无记载。作者1982年访问西北农学院,承周尧教授给予研究的机会。中华长角圆(虫姚)Temeritas sinensis新种 体长1.5—1.9毫米。其与同属科类的区别为触角较短(图1);第三节近端部有2小感觉杆,生在2凹陷内;第四节分26亚节,各亚节有1圈长毛。背毛为长刺状,混有一些小毛(图2)。后足转节外侧有5长毛,内侧1长毛(图9)。握弹器有3端毛(图13)。弹尾长(图12):弹器基有7—7毛;齿节约有40毛;端节内、外缘齿状,内缘有15小齿,有1端节毛。生殖节毛列如图13,雌一尖而弯曲的尾器。     

中国Sphyrotheca属一新种(弹属目:圆珧科)(英)

本文描述了中国圆(虫兆)科Shyrotheca属一新种。新种与Stach(1964)描述的南京Sphyrotheca multifasciata(Reuter)最为相近。但前者后足转节上的棘末端钝,各足上爪无侧齿,围肛附器两侧纤毛状;而后者后足转节棘末端结节状,各爪侧齿存在,围肛附器多侧纤毛状。本文还提出头部的毛序可作为该属分类上的一重要依据。     

两种福寿螺与中国圆田螺齿舌的形态学特征比较

齿舌作为软体动物独特的摄食器官,是软体动物门重要的分类特征。利用扫描电镜对入侵物种福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata、P.maculata和本地物种中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)的齿舌形态进行了比较观察。两种福寿螺和中国圆田螺齿式均为2·1·1·1·2。两种福寿螺齿舌的差异主要体现在中央齿的第一突起,P.canaliculata中央齿第一突起宽而短,不如P.maculata锋利。P.canaliculata与P.maculata第一突起长与中央齿宽以及第一突起宽与中央齿宽的比值均具有显著差异。两种福寿螺与中国圆田螺齿舌的中央齿、侧齿、缘齿,不论是从形态还是数量上都明显不同。两种福寿螺中央齿第一突起大而尖,呈倒三角形,两侧对称排列3个小齿;中国圆田螺的中央齿第一突起短而宽,呈方形,两侧对称排列4个小齿。两种福寿螺的侧齿大突起内侧有1个小而尖的小齿,大突起外侧另有2个小齿;中国圆田螺侧齿上缘中间大突起外侧有3个小齿,呈锯齿状。两种福寿螺的内缘齿和外缘齿相似,缘齿上缘的中间尖齿尖锐,旁边再形成一小齿;中国圆田螺内缘齿上缘的中间尖齿突出,外缘齿基部细长,上缘有小的尖齿8~10个,呈梳状。两种福寿螺与中国圆田螺的第一突起宽与中央齿宽之比、第一突起长与中央齿宽之比、第二突起宽与中央齿宽之比、第二突起长与中央齿宽之比均差异显著。食性不同可能是造成种间齿舌结构差异的原因之一。     

圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝化学成分初步研究

目的:采用系统预试法对圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条可能的化学成分进行预试验,初步探索圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条的化学成分。方法:采用试管反应法、纸反应法,对圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条水、无水乙醇提取物进行初步研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的颜色反应或沉淀反应,对圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果:圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条可能含有生物碱、皂苷、醌类、黄酮类、酚类、香豆素、多糖、鞣质以及甾体和三萜类等化学成分。结论:初步确定圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条含有多种有效成分,为圆齿野鸦椿叶及枝条的进一步开发利用提供了试验基础。     

圆齿野鸦椿根化学成分初步研究

圆齿野鸦椿是福建省特有的药用和观赏小乔木,可与同属植物野鸦椿的根、果实等部位入药,但目前主要开展了种子、果皮、枝和叶等部位化学成分的研究,却没有关于根部化学成分的研究报道。采用系统预试法初步探索圆齿野鸦椿根的化学成分。结果表明圆齿野鸦椿根可能含有生物碱、皂苷、醌类、黄酮类、酚类、香豆素、多糖、鞣质以及甾体和三萜类等多种有效成分,为圆齿野鸦椿根的进一步开发利用奠定了试验基础。     

中国犁齿鲷属鱼类一新种(鲈形目,鲷科)

记述了采自闽南-台湾浅滩渔场的鲷科鱼类1新种,单长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis mononematos sp.nov.。新种的犁骨有数颗圆锥状小齿,为犁齿鲷属所特有的特征。其背鳍仅第3鳍棘末端呈显著的丝状延长这一特征可与本属已知种E.cardinalis和E.tumifrons相区别。     

ONE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS EVΥNNIS FROM CHINA ( PERCIFORMES, SPARIDAE)

记述了采自闽南-台湾浅滩渔场的鲷科鱼类1新种,单长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis mononematos sp.nov..新种的犁骨有数颗圆锥状小齿,为犁齿鲷属所特有的特征.其背鳍仅第3鳍棘末端呈显著的丝状延长这一特征可与本属已知种E.cardinalis和E.tumifrons相区别.     

火棘（火把果）的开发利用

近年来 ,国际上对野生植物资源的开发利用非常重视 ,火棘作为一种营养丰富的野生植物在许多方面都具有开发利用潜力。1 .形态特征与分布火棘ＰｙｒａｃａｎｔｈａａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａＳｃｈｎｅｉｄ系蔷薇科 ,常绿灌木或小乔木 ,高可达 4ｍ。短侧枝常成刺状 ,小枝细长 ,水平延展或平卧。叶倒卵形至倒卵长圆形 ,先端圆钝微凹 ,基部楔形 ,叶缘有圆钝齿 ,齿尖内弯 ,近基部全缘 ,表面暗绿色 ,两面无毛。复伞房花序 ,花白色 ,径约 1ｃｍ ,花期 5～ 6月 ,果熟期 9～ 1 2月。火棘主产于我国四川、云南、湖北、西藏等省区 ,分布于亚洲东部至欧…     

中国棘属二个新记录(弹尾目:棘科)(英文)

本文再次描述了中国云南省棘■科棘■属的二个新记录种,喜马拉雅棘■Onychiurushi-malayensis采自昆明;依田氏棘■O．yodai采自西双版纳,并描述了新的特征。前者以无肛针和具有雄性腹部器官为持征;后者以头部和腹部Ⅳ至Ⅵ节背面具有中间刚毛为特征。     

Systematic studies on the Pompilidae occurring in Japan: Genus Agenioideus Ashmead (Hymenoptera), supplement

Two species of the pompilid genus Agenioideus occurring in Japan are described: A . ( Agenioideus ) kokyo and A . ( A .) cinctellus . The former is new to science and the latter is recorded from Japan and Taiwan for the first time. A brief summary of the biology of A. cinctellus , distinguishing characters between A. ( A. ) ishikawai Shimizu, 1989 and its relatives, and a key to all Japanese species of this genus are presented. Psammochares cinctellus f. rufa Haupt, 1938 and A . ( A. ) pacificus Lelej, 1994 are newly synonymized with A. cinctellus . A new combination is proposed: A . ( A .) maculipes (Smith, 1870) (= Pompilus maculipes Smith), which is found in Southeast Asia to South Asia. Agenioideus ishikawai is newly recorded from Korea and China.     

A revision of the genus Annesorhiza (Apiaceae)

The genus Annesorhiza is revised and twelve species are recognized, of which two are newly described: A. altiscapa, A. burttii, A. flbrosa, A. flagellifolia, A. grandiflora, A. lateriflora, A. latifolia, A. macrocarpa, A. nuda, A. schlechteri, A. thunbergii and A. wilmsii. A. marlothii is reduced to synonymy under A. lateriflora , a species hitherto poorly known as Peucedanum lateriflorum. A. thunbergii is only known from the type specimen. A. elata, A. hirsuta and A. villosa are sunk under A. grandiflora. A. fúicaulis has recently been excluded from Annesorhiza on the basis of fruit structure. A key to the species is provided, an update on the nomenclature, typification of names and distribution maps are provided for all the species.     

Three new species of Aiphanes (Palmae) with notes on the genus in Ecuador

Twelve species of the palm genus Aiphanes occur in Ecuador. The morphological variation in the genus is surveyed, and the distribution of the Ecuadorean species is discussed. A key to the species of Aiphanes in Ecuador is provided. Aiphanes chiribogensis, A. grandis , and A. verrucosa are described as new species, and illustrated. Aiphanes caryotifolia, A. eggersii, A. erinacea, A. fosteriorum, A. gela-tinosa, A. macroloba, A. schultzeana , and A. tricuspidata are characterized. One still unidentified species resembling A. tessmannii is discussed.     

12种中国葱属植物的核型分析

采用细胞压片法,对采自中国西部的12种葱属植物的根尖有丝分裂中期进行了观察,其巾天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)、梭沙韭(Aforrestii)、昌都韭(A.changduense)、西川非(A.xichuanense)、野黄韭(A.rude)、野葱(A.chrysanthum)和真籽韭(A.eusperma)等7种植物的核型为首次报道.供试类群中,峨眉韭(A.omeiense)和多星韭(A.wallichii)的染色体基数分别为11和7,其余类群的染色体基数均为8.观察发现,随体杂合和多侪性现象在供试类群中很普遍.分析推测:(1)随体和倍性的变异在葱属某些类群的进化中可能起重要作用,随体的类型在葱属具有重要的分类意义;(2)多倍化和地下走茎的无性繁殖方式可能是天蓝韭(A.cyaneum)的进化策略;(3)西川韭(A.xichuanense)、野黄非(A.rude)和野葱(A.chrysanthum)有密切的亲缘关系;(4)真籽韭(A.eusperma)与多籽组在核型上有密切的亲缘关系.     

横断山区四种湍蛙的细胞遗传学研究

通过染色体组型分析,C带(BSG技术)分析及一种简便的Ag-NORs带分析,对四川湍蛙、理县湍蛙、棕点湍蛙和棘皮湍蛙的种间关系、染色体的演化及其性染色体等问题进行了初步探讨。结果表明:(1)四川湍蛙、理县湍蛙和棕点湍蛙之间的亲缘关系较近,而它们与棘皮湍蛙的亲缘关系较远;(2)在近缘种的分化中,染色体结构异染色质的变化和臂间倒位是重要的因素之一,这在小型染色体上表现得尤为突出;(三)四川湍蛙具有在形态上分化很明显的性染色体。C带分析表明,此性染色体主要由常染色质构成,但在其Y染色体的长臂上存在明显的中间C带,推测尚处于性染色体分化的初期阶段。     

中国黄耆属植物一些种类的订正

在对中国黄耆属植物进行研究的过程中,发现一些不同时期发表的类群存在同物异名现象。对这些类群进行了归并,将Astragalus dulanensis Y．H．Wu作为A．variabilis Bunge的新异名,A．hepingensis Liou f和A．mongutensis Lipsky作为A．kuschakewiczi B．Fedtsch ex O．Fedtsch的新异名,A．zhaolingicus K．T．Fu作为A．galactites Pall．的新异名,A．xipingshanicus Y．H．wu作为A．minshanensis K．T．Fu的新异名,A．transiliensis Gontsch.var．microphyllus S．B．Ho作为A．ochrias Bunge的新异名。     

Genetic characterization of Artemia tibetiana (Crustacea: Anostraca)

The brine shrimp Artemia consists of a number of bisexual species and a large number of parthenogenetic forms, which collectively, inhabit a wide range of hypersaline habitats. A recently described species (A. tibetiana) from a carbonate lake (Lagkor Co) in Tibet at an altitude of 4490 m has been tested with New World (A. franciscana USA, and A. franciscana feral population Vietnam) and Old World species (A. salina, A. urmiana, A. sinica) for cross fertility. These tests show complete infertility between A. tibetiana and A. franciscana . Between A. tibetiana and A. urmiana, A. sinica partial fertility through to F₂ and F₃ generations is evident. Allozyme and RAPD comparison of A. tibetiana with A. franciscana (USA), A. franciscana (Vietnam), A. sinica (Mongolia) and A. urmiana (Iran) show that A. tibetiana is similar to other bisexual species in mean heterozygosity (0.074) but has a somewhat higher proportion of polymorphic loci (40%, similar to that of A. urmiana ). The genetic distance between A. tibetiana and A. franciscana is 0.730, between A. tibetiana and A. urmiana is 0.475 and that between A. tibetiana and A. sinica is 0.114. F_IS estimates for A. tibetiana differ significantly from zero for six loci, mainly because of lack of fit to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. This may suggest that even within the limited area of Lagkor Co there are Genétically distinct populations. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 75 , 333–344.     

A maternal store of macroH2A is removed from pronuclei prior to onset of somatic macroH2A expression in preimplantation embryos

MacroH2A histones are variants of canonical histone H2A that are conserved among vertebrates. Previous studies have implicated macroH2As in epigenetic gene-silencing events including X chromosome inactivation. Here we show that macroH2A is present in developing and mature mouse oocytes. MacroH2A is localized to chromatin of germinal vesicles (GV) in both late growth stage (lg-GV) and fully grown (fg-GV) stage oocytes. In addition, macroH2A is associated with the chromosomes of mature oocytes, and abundant macroH2A is present in the first polar body. However, maternal macroH2A is lost from zygotes generated by normal fertilization by the late 2 pronuclei (2PN) stage. Normal embryos at 2-, 4-, and 8-cell stages lack macroH2A except in residual polar bodies. MacroH2A protein expression reappears in embryos after the 8-cell stage and persists in morulae and blastocysts, where nuclear macroH2A is present in both the trophectodermal and inner cell mass cells. We followed the loss of macroH2A from pronuclei in parthenogenetic embryos generated by oocyte activation. Abundant macroH2A is present upon the metaphase II plate and persists through parthenogenetic anaphase, but macroH2A is progressively lost during pronuclear decondensation prior to synkaryogamy. Examination of embryos generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) revealed that macroH2A is associated exclusively with female pronuclei prior to loss in late pronucleus stage embryos. These results outline a surprising finding that a maternal store of macroH2A is removed from the maternal genome prior to synkaryogamy, resulting in embryos that execute three to four mitotic divisions in the absence of macroH2A prior to the onset of embryonic macroH2A expression.     

Adenosine as an active component of Antrodia cinnamomea that prevents rat PC12 cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis through the activation of adenosine A(2A) receptors

Antrodia cinnamomea (formerly named Antrodia camphorata) is a rare medicinal fungus. We previously reported that it exhibits antioxidative, vasorelaxative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects. When serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in neuronal-like PC12 cells was used as a stress model, the extract of A. cinnamomea displayed effectiveness in preventing serum-deprived apoptosis. Since our previous data show that the extract of A. cinnamomea contains adenosine (ADO), we attempt to investigate if the active component is ADO and to identify its targeting site in this study. After pre-incubation with ADO deaminase, neither ADO nor the extract of A. cinnamomea exerted any protection, demonstrating that the active component of A. cinnamomea is ADO. Furthermore, an ADO A(2A) receptor (A(2A)-R) antagonist was used and was able to block the protective effects of ADO and the extract of A. cinnamomea, demonstrating that the ADO targeting site in this model is A(2A)-R. Taken together, the protective effect of A. cinnamomea is owed to its active component, ADO, which acts through activation of A(2A)-R to prevent serum deprivation-induced PC12 cell apoptosis.